Download BLP Exam 1 Questions and Answers: Classical Conditioning and Habituation and more Exams Leadership and Team Management in PDF only on Docsity!
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Dishabituation - ANS ✓Can be conceived as momentary excitation of State System resulting in momentary recovery of habituated response Glutamate (neurotransmitter) - ANS ✓excitatory neurotransmitter Less released in reflex arc in habituation More released in reflex arc in sensitization baby powder story - ANS ✓Woman was a recovered cocaine addict Had a baby- the look of baby powder gave her urge to do cocaine again Doctor concluded that powder produced unconscious physiological response Exemplifies classical conditioning classical conditioning - ANS ✓Aka Pavlovian conditioning Conditioning= learning neutral stimulus - ANS ✓a stimulus that does not initially elicit a response Sight of powder to us doesn't elicit "cocaine craving" response unconditioned stimulus - ANS ✓in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers a response. Leads to unconditioned response
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Unlearned conditioned stimulus - ANS ✓in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response Conditioned= learned Little Albert Experiment - ANS ✓ 1920 - Watson - classical conditioning on a 9 month old baby - white rat was paired with a loud clanking noise resulting in crying and fear of rat White rat was CS Generalization - ANS ✓Respond the same to different stimuli Discrimination - ANS ✓Respond different to different stimuli Autoshaping/Sign Tracking - ANS ✓Animals will track stimuli that have been paired with appetitive substances. For examples, pigeons will peck a key that has been followed in time by food. Automatic acquisition of a response Present white dot just before giving food CS= white dot which leads to.. US= food eyeblink conditioning - ANS ✓a classical conditioning procedure in which the US is an airpuff to the eye and the conditioned and unconditioned responses are eyeblinks interpositus nucleus of the cerebellum - ANS ✓?
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US depends on occurrence of CS Positive contingency causes excitatory conditioning inhibitory conditioning - ANS ✓learning to inhibit or suppress a response on cue Ex: CS = don't respond temporal contiguity - ANS ✓The nearness of events in time. The shorter the time between the CS and US the better Best interval time depends on what type of stimulus there is Novelty vs. Familiarity - ANS ✓The conditioned stimulus should be novel NOT familiar Familiarity may = inhibitory conditioning, excitatory conditioning to other stimulii Pre-exposure effect aka latent inhibition Other CS factors - ANS ✓Intensity of CS is important Salience- ability of CS to attract attention higher-order conditioning - ANS ✓Learning w/o unconditioned stimulus a procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus. For example, an animal that has learned that a tone predicts food might then learn that a light predicts the tone and begin responding to the light alone. sensory preconditioning - ANS ✓when one stimulus is conditioned as a CS, another stimulus with which it was previously associated can also become a CS
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taste aversion learning - ANS ✓Garcia & Koelling Exception to the "short CS-US interval" rule Learning that a specific negative flavor signals negative consequences Optimal interval= hour or more Belongingness - ANS ✓Garcia & Koelling (1966) CS must belong with the US as dictated by inherited tendencies of the species stimulus substitution model - ANS ✓Pavlov's model of classical conditioning describing the CS as becoming a substitute for the US compensatory-response model - ANS ✓When CS preceded a drug induced state, elicits CR that compensates (opposes) effects of the drug Ex: if caffeine (US) elicits mild stimulation, CS paired with caffeine should elicit a compensatory response (mild depression) James McConnell - ANS ✓Chemically transferred a specific memory from 1 flatworm to another; created conditioned reflex in flatworms and transferred RNA from a trained to an untrained flatworm Studied learning in planarian Memory through cannibalism Editor of Journal of Biologicial Psycha Ivan Pavlov - ANS ✓Nobel prize winner- studied classical conditioning D.O. Hebb - ANS ✓proposed that memories were stored in patterns of neural connections Long term potentiation as the basis of changes in synaptic connections
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Learning and fatigue - ANS ✓Don't do as well on tasks if tired Learning and other variables - ANS ✓Other physiological states can affect learning Sick, intoxicated, etc Learning and levels of analysis - ANS ✓Whole organism- behavioral Neural circuits and transmitters- neural system or network Neurons and synapses- molecular, cellular, genetic elicited behavior - ANS ✓occurs in response to a stimulus reflex arc - ANS ✓Simplest form of elicited behavior Ex: spinal reflexes Reflexive beh: simple, unlearned, appears automatic Hardwired- we are born with neural circuit modal action patterns - ANS ✓response sequences that are typical of a particular species Ex: male mallard duck courtship behaviors Ex: spot on seagull mom's bill & chick feeding Complex reflexes that are "released" by a "releasing stimulus" Also called a sign stimulus Greylag goose egg retrieval - ANS ✓Example of modal action pattern Start by improving color
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Then size Size and color can be manipulated to produce supernormal stimulus Habituation - ANS ✓Simplest form of learning Learn to ignore repeated irrelevant stimuli Sensitization - ANS ✓Becoming more sensitive to a stimulus s Causes dis-habituation: Sudden recovery due to a change in the pattern of the stimulus or the introduction of another stimulus startle response - ANS ✓An involuntary (reflexive) reaction to a sudden unexpected stimulus, such as a loud noise or sharp movement. Habituation vs fatigue - ANS ✓Fatigue: occurs in effector muscles Habituation occurs in CNS spontaneous recovery - ANS ✓Gradual recovery results from withholding the stimulus to which animal has already habituated Habituation vs. Sensory Adaptation - ANS ✓If response to a stimulus occurs: rest of reflex is working, loss of response due to sensory adaptation If no response: sensory adaptation is not cause of loss of response Bottom line: loss of response is due to learning in the CNS (habituation) Dual Process Theory of Habituation and Sensitization - ANS ✓Groves & Thompson (1970)
