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Structure |of |an |amino |acid |- |correct |answer |-✔Amino |group, |carboxyl |group, |R |group
The |permeability |of |the |phospholipid |bilayer |is |determined |by? |- |correct |answer
|-✔The |number |of |saturated |fatty |acids, |integral |proteins |in |the |membrane, |and |temperature
Primary |protein |structure |- |correct |answer |-✔Sequence |chain |of |amino |acids
Secondary |protein |structure |- |correct |answer |-✔Sequence |of |amino |acids |are |linked |by |hydrogen |bonds
Tertiary |protein |structure |- |correct |answer |-✔Certain |attractions |are |present |between |alpha |helices |and |pleated |sheets
Quaternary |protein |structure |- |correct |answer |-✔Multiple |amino |acid |chains
Where |is |energy |in |ATP |stored? |- |correct |answer |-✔The |bond |between |the |second |and |third |phosphate
Allosteric |activation |- |correct |answer |-✔Active |site |becomes |available |to |the |substrates |when |a |regulatory |molecule |binds |to |a |different |site |on |the |enzyme.
Allosteric |deactivation |- |correct |answer |-✔The |active |site |becomes |unavailable |to |the |substrates |when |a |regulatory |molecule |binds |to |a |different |site |on |the |enzyme.
What |is |active |transport? |- |correct |answer |-✔Transport |that |uses |energy |via |phosphorylation(ex. |Na/K |pump)
OIL |RIG |- |correct |answer |-✔Oxidation |is |losing, |reduction |is |gaining
What |makes |a |molecule |polar? |- |correct |answer |-✔Uneven |charge
What |makes |a |molecule |hydrophobic |and |hydrophillic? |- |correct |answer |-
✔Oxygen |to |hydrogen |bonds |makes |a |molecule |hydrophillic |(likes |water)
DNA |Replication |- |correct |answer |-✔
A |and |G |are: |- |correct |answer |-✔Purines
T |and |C |and |U |are: |- |correct |answer |-✔Pyrimidines
What |is |the |role |of |NADH |and |FADH2 |in |cellular |respiration? |- |correct |answer |-
✔They |are |electron |carriers, |which |travel |down |the |electron |transport |chain |during |ETC
Meiosis |I |- |correct |answer |-✔
What |is |the |role |of |second |messengers |in |cell |communication? |- |correct |answer
|-✔They |are |small |and |produced |quickly |in |large |amounts. |Second |messengers |are |intracellular |signaling |molecules |released |by |the |cell |to |trigger |physiological |changes.
Neurotransmitters |use |___ |as |their |mechanism |for |action |- |correct |answer |-
✔Chemically |gated |ion |channels
Hormones |- |correct |answer |-✔Chemical |messages |that |use |signal |transduction |pathways |to |amplify |cellular |processes |so |that |small |amounts |of |ligand |can |create |a |large |response. |They |also |allow |cells |to |react |differently |to |the |same |chemical.
Mendel's |Principle |of |Segregation |- |correct |answer |-✔Alleles |separate |from |each |other |in |the |formation |of |gametes. |Half |the |gametes |carry |one |allele, |and |the |other |half |carry |the |other |allele.
Homologous |chromosomes |- |correct |answer |-✔
What |anatomical |structure |is |composed |of |two |or |more |tissues? |- |correct
|answer |-✔Organ
Benign |tumor |- |correct |answer |-✔A |benign |tumor |is |a |mass |of |cells |that |lacks |the |ability |to |invade |neighboring |tissue |or |metastasize. |These |characteristics |are |required |for |a |tumor |to |be |defined |as |cancerous |and |therefore |benign |tumors |are |non-cancerous.
Malignant |tumor |- |correct |answer |-✔A |tumor |that |invades |surrounding |tissues, |is |usually |capable |of |producing |metastases, |may |recur |after |attempted |removal, |and |is |likely |to |cause |death |unless |adequately |treated.
Human |blood |types |- |correct |answer |-✔All |humans |and |many |other |primates |can |be |typed |for |the |ABO |blood |group. |There |are |four |principal |types: |A, |B, |AB, |and |O. |There |are |two |antigens |and |two |antibodies |that |are |mostly |responsible |for |the |ABO |types. |Four |alleles |are |involved.
Skeletal |muscle |contraction: |Fast |vs. |slow |twitch |muscle |fibers |- |correct |answer
|-✔Fast |glycolytic |fibers |fatigue |rapidly, |while |slow |oxidative |fibers |are |highly |resistant |to |fatigue. |Muscles |that |need |to |be |active |continuously, |such |as |weight-supporting |postural |muscles, |contain |a |higher |percentage |of |fatigue- resistant |slow |oxidative |muscle |fibers.
When |the |atria |contract, |which |valves |will |open |and |which |will |close? |- |correct
|answer |-✔Atrial |systole. |The |aortic |valve |and |pulmonary |valve |remain |closed, |while |the |atrioventricular |mitral |and |tricuspid |valves |remain |open |because |the |pressure |gradient |between |the |atrium |and |ventricle |is |preserved |during |late |ventricular |diastole.
Insulin |action |- |correct |answer |-✔Glucose |enters |liver |cells |to |synthesize |glycogen |but |triglycerides |are |also |synthesized.
LH |and |FSH |released |from |- |correct |answer |-✔Pituitary |gland
Sex |hormones |are |made |in |- |correct |answer |-✔The |gonads
The |nephron |is |the |filtering |unit |of |the |kidney |- |correct |answer |-✔
Monohybrid |crosses |- |correct |answer |-✔
Hardy-weinberg |problem: |- |correct |answer |-✔p+q=
p2+2pq+q2=
p= |frequency |of |dominant |allele
q= |frequency |of |recessive |allele
p2= |frequency |of |AA
q2= |frequency |of |aa
2pq= |frequency |of |Aa
Fungi |- |correct |answer |-✔-heterotrophic
-unicellular |or |multicellular
-obtain |food |by |extending |hyphae |into |a |food |source |and |secreting |enzymes
-nutrients |flow |through |hyphae |as |a |result |of |mass |flow
-single |celled |eukaryotes |reproduce |using |mitotic |cell |division
-prokaryotes |= |binary |fission
Bryophytes |- |correct |answer |-✔Mosses, |liverworts, |hornworts. |Need |water |to |reproduce.
Vascular |tissue |- |correct |answer |-✔Not |all |plants |have |it. |When |present, |it's |found |in |roots, |stems, |and |leaves.
Xylem |- |correct |answer |-✔-moves |water
-consists |of |tracheids |and |vessel |elements
-hydrogen |bonding |between |water |molecules
Phloem |- |correct |answer |-✔-moves |glucose
-consists |of |sieve |tube |members
-food |pushed |from |source |to |sink
Stomata |- |correct |answer |-✔Control |rate |of |water |loss, |open |during |day |for |photosynthesis |and |close |at |night. |Surrounded |by |guard |cells.
Nitrogen |fixation |- |correct |answer |-✔Ultimately |results |in |the |conversion |of |inorganic |nitrogen |to |an |organic |form |that |the |plant |can |use |to |make |proteins
Auxin, |gibberellic |acid, |and |cytokinins |- |correct |answer |-✔Plant |hormones |that |are |required |for |the |elongation |of |both |stems |and |roots
What |is |alternation |of |generations? |- |correct |answer |-✔Sporophyte |and |gametophyte
Evolution |of |flowering |plants |- |correct |answer |-✔Earliest |plants |did |not |have |seeds |or |a |vascular |system. |They |did |not |have |true |leaves |or |true |roots.
Secondary |growth |- |correct |answer |-✔-width |(woody |growth)
Populations |have |traits |that |are: |- |correct |answer |-✔Heritable. |Some |improve |reproductive |success.
What |is |the |effect |of |mutation |in |evolution? |- |correct |answer |-✔A |change |in |an |organism's |DNA |can |cause |changes |in |all |aspects |of |its |life. |Mutations |are |essential |to |evolution; |they |are |the |raw |material |of |genetic |variation. |Without |mutation, |evolution |could |not |occur.
Developmental |homology |= |- |correct |answer |-✔embryonic |homology
Endosymbiotic |theory |- |correct |answer |-✔The |endosymbiotic |theory |describes |how |a |large |host |cell |and |ingested |bacteria |could |easily |become |dependent |on |one |another |for |survival, |resulting |in |a |permanent |relationship. |Over |millions |of |years |of |evolution, |mitochondria |and |chloroplasts |have |become |more |specialized |and |today |they |cannot |live |outside |the |cell.
Phylogenetic |tree |- |correct |answer |-✔
Sexual |selection |- |correct |answer |-✔
Individuals |do |not |pass |on |traits |that... |- |correct |answer |-✔Are |acquired |in |a |lifetime
Fixed |action |patterns |- |correct |answer |-✔The |term |fixed |action |pattern |(FAP), |or |modal |action |pattern, |is |sometimes |used |in |ethology |to |denote |an |instinctive
|behavioral |sequence |that |is |relatively |invariant |within |the |species |and |almost |inevitably |runs |to |completion.
Key |stimulus |- |correct |answer |-✔Certain |innate |behaviors |can |be |produced |in |all |individuals |of |the |same |species. |Usually, |these |behaviors |are |triggered |by |a |key |stimulus |(KS). |The |key |stimulus |triggers |an |innate |releasing |mechanism |(IRM), |a |sort |of |middleman, |which |produces |a |fixed |action |pattern |(FAP), |a |definite, |constant |response.
Gastrulation |- |correct |answer |-✔Endoderm, |Mesoderm, |Ectoderm
Animals |are |dominated |by |the... |- |correct |answer |-✔Diploid |stage
Amniotic |egg |allowed |animals |to |survive |in... |- |correct |answer |-✔A |dry |environment
What |are |the |simplest |animals? |- |correct |answer |-✔Basal |metazoans |(jellyfish, |coral, |hydra)
Animals |first |developed... |- |correct |answer |-✔Multicellularity, |tissues, |then |bilateral |symmetry
Reptiles |are... |- |correct |answer |-✔Ectotherms |(requires |less |energy)
Characteristics |of |vertebrates? |- |correct |answer |-✔Vertebrates |are |differentiated |by |having |a |vertebral |column. |As |chordates, |all |vertebrates |have
