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Biology Final Review (UCF Yeargain)
questions and answers
Which of the following statements about hypotheses is false? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A hypothesis is a proven fact Which of the following examples meets the criteria of a scientific theory? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Many years of research supporting the Theory of Evolution Hypotheses must have at least one predictive hypothesis and one null hypothesis. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True Which of the following is an example of a Null Hypothesis? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔There is no difference in jumping height between dolphins in the Atlantic Ocean and dolphins in the Pacific Ocean Which of the above examples is a generic Predictive Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Pet snakes and wild snakes show differences in the number of mice consumed each year.
What is the optimal water depth for producing bubbles? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔10 m At which depth did plants produce the least amount of bubbles? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔35 m List the taxonomic levels of organization from most inclusive to least inclusive - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Which of the following taxonomic levels would include species that are the most closely related? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Genus What are the four essential elements of Life? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, & Nitrogen What is the mass number of an atom? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Number of protons and neutrons The number of ______ differs in isotopes. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔neutrons An electron in which shell will have the highest potential energy? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔3rd shell
In the example above, after it donates an electron, Lithium is a(n): - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Cation What happens if an atom gains or loses a proton? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔It is a different atom. Ice is _____ dense than water because the hydrogen bonds are _______ in ice than in water. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Less dense, more ordered Water molecules in ice are ________ than water molecules in liquid water - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔More spread out Which of the following would you predict to dissolve best in water? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔NaCl
- Which of the following is most hydrophilic? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔CH3OH What does pH measure - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔H+ concentration
Which property of water makes it essential to life on earth? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔It forms hydrogen bonds with other water molecules Which of the following is an acid? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔[H+] = 1 x 10-
- Which of the following represents the hydroxide ion concentration of pure water? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔b. [H+] = 1 x 10- If the pH of an aqueous solution is 5, what is the pOH? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ 9 Which solution has the greatest concentration of [H+]? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1 x 10- What type of bond explains the attraction of water molecules to other water molecules? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hydrogen bond If solid water (ice) was more dense that liquid water, which of the following would occur? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Most bodies of water would freeze in the winter and not completely thaw in the summer
Isomers can be expected to - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔All List the functional groups in the above molecule - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hydroxyl, ketone, amine, carboxyl Which of the following is not a true polymer? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Lipid Which of the following terms describes - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Monomer The monomers that form carbohydrates are _____, and the polymer that represents three or more sugars joined together is known as a ________. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Monosaccharide, polysaccharide 5 and 6 carbon sugars tend to form ______ structures. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ring Which of the following refers to the process in which a water molecule is split to separate a polymer into individual monomers? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hydrolysis reaction
Which of the following is not a correct statement regarding carbohydrates? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Starch is used to store chemical energy in animals Which of the following is a type of polysaccharide that is extensively branched and made by animals? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Glycogen What type of lipid is shown in the picture below? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Unsaturated fat What type of lipid is shown in the picture below? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Phospholipid What type of lipid is often found in a ring structure such as that of cholesterol? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Steroid The head of a phospholipid is ______ and the tail is ________. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic T or F. Some types of lipids will mix with water due to being hydrophilic
What is the complimentary sequence to the DNA strand 3' CAGGTACTG 5' - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔5' GTCCATGAC 3' Which of the following nitrogenous bases will always pair with Guanine? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Cytosine T or F. Phosphodiester bonds link the phosphate group and the sugar in a polynucleotide molecule. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔True Plasma membrane - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔All The nucleus is found in plant and animal cells and contains - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Genetic material, DNA Prokaryotic cells - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔cells without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles Eukaryotic cells are cells - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles Phospholipid bilayer is a - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Membranes that are formed by a 2 layers of phospholipids
In plant cells, the cell membrane can form a channel by which substances can pass directly from one cell to the next. What is the name given to these channels? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Plasmodesmata ___________ use instructions from DNA to build proteins. Some are found on endoplasmic reticulum, some float in the cytoplasm. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Ribosomes This cellular organelle modifies, sorts, and routes proteins and lipids to their next destination - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Golgi apparatus This cellular organelle contains digestive enzymes and a very low pH; it digests nutrients and recycles old organelles - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔lysosomes Photosynthetic organelles found in plants and algae cells - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔chloroplasts Mitochondria (choose all that apply) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔c. Converts glucose to chemical energy (ATP)
In the Golgi apparatus, the _____ side is closer to the Rough and Smooth ER and the ____ side is closer to the plasma membrane. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Cis: trans The head of a phospholipid is - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔None of the above A membrane is permeable to hydrogen (H2), but impermeable to sodium ions. Which molecule cannot move into the cell? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Sodium ions The "fluid" part of cell membranes is made up of - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Phospholipid bilayer Which of these statements best describes the function of the cell membrane? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔It controls which substances enter and exit the cell. What is the function of the carbohydrates attached to proteins and lipids on the outside of the cell membrane? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Cell-to-cell recognition and communication
The tail of a phospholipid is - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Made of fatty acid chains What is one function of proteins in cell membranes? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Transport into and out of the cell The cell membrane is the outermost part of an animal cell, and, is located inside the cell wall in plant cells. What is another name for the cell membrane? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Plasma Membrane Which of these is true of the cell membrane in both animal and plant cells? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔It is selectively permeable Through many studies, including imagery of cells using an electron microscope, it has been determined that the cell membrane consists of two layers. This is known as the bilayer. What is this bilayer composed of? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Phospholipids The component molecules of the cell membrane have two main parts, the head and the tails. These parts are either hydrophobic or hydrophilic. Which is which? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hydrophilic Head and Hydrophobic Tail
When solution A has a higher concentration of water than solution B, solution A is - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypotonic From 19 above, solution B with the lower concentration of water is called - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypertonic Two solutions in which the concentration of water is equal are called - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔isotonic Active Transport is when - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A cell uses energy to move molecules or ions against a concentration gradient Exocytosis is when - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Vesicle move large/many particles out of the cell Endocytosis is when - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Vesicles move large/many particles into the cell If a red blood cell (solute concentration 1%) is placed in a solution that is 10% solute, which direction will water diffuse? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Out of the cell
In the question above, the red blood cell is _____________ compared to the solution. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypotonic A cell with water concentration 95% is placed in a beaker of solution with water concentration 98%. Which of the following is correct? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The cell is hypertonic to the solution and water will diffuse into the cell. Only about 40% of the chemical energy stored in a glucose molecule can be accounted for in ATP molecules that are generated during cell respiration. The rest turns to heat energy. What is this an example of? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Second Law of Thermodynamics Which of the following describes an anabolic pathway? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Reactions that require ATP & build polymers from monomers Which of the following describes a catabolic pathway? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Reactions that release ATP & break down polymers into monomers If a reaction is spontaneous (exergonic), is the value of ΔG positive or negative? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Negative
Which is the most likely result of a non-competitive inhibitor? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The reaction slows down What is a competitive inhibitor? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔An inhibitor that moves into the active site of the enzyme Which of the following is not true concerning ATP? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔It is a good long-term energy storage molecule Which of the following is not true of enzymes? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Enzymes make ΔG more negative A roller coaster is sitting at the top of a hill, about to drop off. Which of the following best describes the energy present? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Potential energy In an endergonic reaction, do the products or reactants have more energy? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Products Feedback inhibition is an efficient way to control a metabolic pathway because - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The first enzyme in the pathway is inhibited by the end-product of the reaction
Where is the energy stored in a molecule of ATP? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔In the bonds connecting the two terminal phosphate groups Coenzymes and cofactors assist protein function by - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Assisting with the binding between the substrate and the active site For the reaction A > B, ΔG = -200. Which reaction could be coupled with this one? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔G > H, ΔG= + For the reaction Y >Z, ΔG = +225. Which reaction could be coupled with this one? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔K>L, ΔG = - Where in the cell does glycolysis take place? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔cytosol/cytoplasm Which of the following products is not created during glycolysis? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔oxygen What is the net production of ATP from one glucose molecule in glycolysis? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ 2 What are the net products of glycolysis? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
