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Biology Exam 1 BIO 250 with
Questions and Answers well
expounded
founder effect - Correct Ans: ✔✔Genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population and form a new population whose gene pool composition is not reflective of that of the original population.
genetic drift - Correct Ans: ✔✔A change in the allele frequency of a population as a result of chance events rather than natural selection.
sex chromosomes - Correct Ans: ✔✔One of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the human, contains genes that will determine the sex of the individual. X and Y chromosomes.
paleo diet - Correct Ans: ✔✔There is no one paleo diet! a diet characterised by consuming foods available to humans during the Paleolithic period (from around 2.5 million to 12 000 years ago). The Paleo diet restricts the consumption of dairy, refined grains such as bread and pasta, and refined sugar such as chocolate and soft drink. The main components of the Paleo diet are meat, fish, nuts, vegetables and seeds.
coronary artery calcium - Correct Ans: ✔✔leads to heart disease
transitions and transversions - Correct Ans: ✔✔two types of base substitutions. transitions 2x more common.
synonymous mutation - Correct Ans: ✔✔No impact on amino acid (silent mutation). a change in the DNA sequence that codes for amino acids in a protein sequence, but does not change the encoded amino acid
Non-synonymous mutation - Correct Ans: ✔✔a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein
Nonsense mutation - Correct Ans: ✔✔changes a normal codon into a stop codon
Acromegaly is caused by - Correct Ans: ✔✔a tumor
Gregor Mendel experimented on - Correct Ans: ✔✔pea plants
Most mutations - Correct Ans: ✔✔are not beneficial
T/F Antibiotic resistance takes thousands of years - Correct Ans:
✔✔false
Which of the following is the result of an autosomal aneuploidy -
Correct Ans: ✔✔trisomy 21
Antagonistic pleiotropy - Correct Ans: ✔✔occurs when a mutation with beneficial effects for one trait also causes detrimental effects on other traits
Life History Trade-Offs - Correct Ans: ✔✔growth, maintenance, reproduction
How does natural selection and mutation play a role in Antibiotic
resistance? - Correct Ans: ✔✔antibiotic resistance is a consequence of evolution via natural selection. The antibiotic action is an environmental pressure; those bacteria which have a mutation allowing them to survive will live on to reproduce. They will then pass this trait to their offspring, which will be a fully resistant generation.
How can an autosomal dominant disease like Huntington's Disease still exist? Shouldn't it have been wiped out by natural selection? -
Correct Ans: ✔✔By the time Huntington's develops, most have already reproduced. Passed on genes before showing symptoms. Selection shadow.
MRSA - Correct Ans: ✔✔Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus; an infectious disease caused by a pathogen that is resistant to many antibiotics
TB/XDR-TB - Correct Ans: ✔✔Tuburculosis/ extremely drug resistant TB
Acromegaly - Correct Ans: ✔✔Tumor on pituitary. excessive growth. Andre the Giant
Achondroplasia - Correct Ans: ✔✔Inherited. Shorter stature. Long bones don't grow.
Non-disjunction - Correct Ans: ✔✔Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate. Leads to abnormal number of chromosomes. Not compatible with survival.
Cri-du-Chat Syndrome - Correct Ans: ✔✔A deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5 associated with an array of congenital malformations, the most characteristic of which is an infant cry that resembles a meowing cat.
Three requirements for natural selection - Correct Ans:
✔✔variation, inheritance, differential reproductive success
Trisomy 21 - Correct Ans: ✔✔condition in which an individual has three number 21 chromosomes, resulting in Down syndrome
Aneuploidy - Correct Ans: ✔✔A chromosomal aberration in which one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or are deficient in number.
Progesterone and Infertility - Correct Ans: ✔✔pregnancy hormone
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia - Correct Ans: ✔✔benign growth of cells within the prostate gland
WIERD - Correct Ans: ✔✔western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic
speciation - Correct Ans: ✔✔the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution. allopatric and sympatric.
allopatric speciation - Correct Ans: ✔✔The formation of new species in populations that are geographically isolated from one another.
sympatric speciation - Correct Ans: ✔✔The formation of new species in populations that live in the same geographic area
Punnett Square - Correct Ans: ✔✔A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
chromosomes - Correct Ans: ✔✔23 pairs, 46 chromosomes. 22 autosomes, last pair is sex chromosomes
Bottlenecks - Correct Ans: ✔✔occurs when resources reach full capacity and cannot handle any additional demands; they limit throughput and impede operations
