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One thing all cells have in common is their Answer- An endomembrane system covered with ribosomes where many proteins for transport are assembled. (3 words) Answer- rough endoplasmic reticulum
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membrane The main difference in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is their Answer- nucleus Which organisms are Prokaryotes? (2) Answer- bacteria, archea Which organisms are Eukaryotes? (4) Answer- animals, plants, fungus,protist This cell organelle is the main site for protein synthesis Answer- ribosomes An endomembrane system where lipids are synthesized, calcium levels areregulated, and toxic substances are broken down. (3 words) Answer- smoothendoplasmic reticulum stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteinsfrom the endoplasmic reticulum Answer- Golgi apparatus oxidative organelles that produce hydrogen peroxide and break down fattyacid chains Answer- peroxisomes
and tails. The heads are (hydrophobic/hydrophilic) and cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials inthe cell. break down worn out cells parts to be recycled. Answer- lysosomes Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) productionAnswer- mitochondria the cell membrane is made up of a bilayer Answer- phospholipid A cell membrane's phospholipid bilayer consists of heads
Animal cells require to gain energy in the form of ATP. This is done using cellular respiration which is oxygen (independent/dependent) A sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area for water and nutrients.Answer- vacuole A process where plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbondioxide into sugars Answer- photosynthesis Answer- glucose, dependent the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.the first step in cellular respiration Answer- glycolysis second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down intocarbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions Answer- Kreb's cycle series of carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy during ATP-generating reactions. third step of cellular respiration. Answer- electron, electrons , Any cells in the body other than reproductive cells Answer- somatic A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (haploid/diploid) Answer- haploid
A cell containing two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from eachparent (haploid/diploid) Answer- haploid A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait Answer- gene Different forms of a gene Answer- allele An organism that has two different alleles for a trait Answer- heterozygousAn organism that has two identical alleles for a gene Answer- homozygous
This is a type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells. Answer- binary fission Which organelle uses active transport in which substances are carried acrossthe cell membrane? A. lysosomeB. centriole c. vesicle Answer- vesicle Small, thin proteins that help support and give structure to a cell. A cell's cytoskeleton.
enzymes speed up/aid in the breakdown of chemical bonds through the addition of water. This is called Answer- hydrolysis A. microtubules B. cytoplasm C. spindle fibers Answer- microtubules More H+ means more (acidic/basic). More OH- means more (acidic/basic) Answer- acidic, basic (apoptosis/necrosis) programmed cell death designed to eliminate abnormal cells once the cell sense that it has mutation. Answer- apoptosis (apoptosis/necrosis) messy, injury-induced cell death, which can lead to sepsis. Basically just cell "explosion" Answer- necrosis regulate water flow and solutes through membrane. a form of (active/passive) transport where substances diffuse down their chemical gradient to an area of lower concentration. Answer- channels (active/passive) transport costs ATP Answer- active A (non-polar/polar) bond is when a bond is formed between two atoms thatshare electrons unequally. A (non-polar/polar) bond is when electrons are shared equally across allatoms in a molecule. Answer- polar, non-polar
B. peptidoglycan
C. glucose Answer- peptidoglycan Fungi cell walls are made of A. cellulose B. xylan C. chitin Answer- chitin A cell is when extracellular fluid has a higher solute concentration compared to the cytoplasm of the cell. Net flow of water willbe (in/out) of the cell Answer- hypertonic, out A cell is when extracellular fluid has a lower solute concentration compared to the cytoplasm of the cell. Net flow of water willbe (in/out) of the cell. Answer- hypotonic, in Having the same solute concentration as another solution.A. Isotonic B. hypotonic C. hypertonic Answer- isotonic Osmotic concentration of a solution is called its ; the number of moles of solute in 1 kg of water times the number ofparticles into which the solute dissociates A. gradientB. osmality C. osmosis Answer- osmality pressure is required to prevent the passage of solvent througha semipermeable membrane. It is proportional to the osmolality of the solution Answer- osmotic
hyperventilation, alkalosis (hyperventilation/hypoventilation) causes low O2 and high CO2. This leads toa low pH resulting in (acidosis/alkalosis) Answer- hypoventilation, acidosis energy of motionA. potential B. thermal C. kinetic Answer- kinetic stored energy A. thermal B. potential C. kinetic Answer- potential The total energy of motion in the particles of a substanceA. kinetic B. thermal C. radiation Answer- thermal transfer of thermal energy in the form of electromagnetic wavesA. thermal B. radiation C. microwave Answer- radiation
Which is the right order of natural selection? A. variation, overpopulation, preservationB. preservation, overpopulation, variation C. overpopulation, variation, preservation Answer- overpopulation, variation, preservation Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plantA. condensation C. transpiration Answer- transpiration B. evaporation
The monomers of (carbs/lipids/proteins/nucleic acids) are mono/di/polysaccharides Answer- carbs glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, starch, cellulose, and glycogen areexamples of (carbs/lipids/proteins/nucleic acids) Answer- carbs What are the two monomers of lipids? Answer- glycerol, fatty acidsThis type of lipid makes up animal fats and oils A. triglyceride B. phospholipid C. steroid Answer- triglyceride
Animal fats are (saturated/unsaturated) and are (solid/liquid) at room temp. and they consist of (single carbon bonds/single and double carbon bonds). Answer- saturated, solid, single Oil fats are (saturated/unsaturated) and are (solid/liquid) at room temp. and they consist of (single carbon bonds/single and double carbon bonds) Answer- unsaturated, liquid, single and double carbon bonds The type of lipid that makes up cell membranesA. triglyceride B. phospholipid C. steroid Answer- phospholipid The type of lipid has many functions such as stress response, immune response, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolytelevels, and in the regulation of inflammation, and behavior. A. triglycerides B. phospholipids C. steroids Answer- steroids Which lipid has a unique 4 ring structure?A. triglyceride B. phospholipid C. steroid Answer- steroid cholesterol, aldosterone, cortisol, testosterone, estrogen, and progesteroneare examples of A. carbs B. lipids C. proteins
Keratin is a protein
A. motor B. antibody C. structural Answer- structural are proteins that catalyze reactions. Answer- enzymes These hormones are this type of macromolecule. insulin, glucagon, pituitaryhormone A. carb B. lipid C. protein D. nucleic acid Answer- protein These types of proteins are embedded in cell membranes and receivechemical messages from outside of the cell. A. structural B. motor proteins C. receptor Answer- receptor These proteins bind to antigens and target them for destructionA. motor proteins B. antibodies C. hormones Answer- antibodies These proteins convert chemical energy into mechanical work by thehydrolysis of ATP (this generates muscle contractions) A. enzymes B. antibodies
