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Which of the following terms indicates the ecological role that an organism plays in a community? - Niche Which of the following characteristics distinguishes members of the domain Eukarya from members of the domains Archaea and Bacteria? - The presence of a nuclear envelope Valine is typically classified as a hydrophobic amino acid because a valine molecule has which of the following types of side chains? - Nonpolar A teacher asks students to describe how the data collected in an experiment are typically used as evidence. Which of the following responses is the most accurate?
- "The data are used to support or reject a hypothesis." Which of the following biomes is characterized by long winters and short summers, snow as the predominant form of precipitation, soil that is acidic and poor in nutrients, and wooded areas made up mostly of evergreen trees with needlelike leaves? - Boreal forest One strand of a certain segment of DNA has the following nucleotide sequence.
5 prime, A G A T G T C C A G T A, 3 prime5 −AGATGTCCAGTA−3 5 -AGATGTCCAGTA-′ ′ ′ 3 ′ The complementary strand in the same segment of DNA most likely has which of the following nucleotide sequences? - 3-'TCTACAGGTCAT-5' The overall process of aerobic cellular respiration is best described as the oxidation of glucose to produce carbon dioxide and the reduction of oxygen to produce which of the following? - Water A student uses stationary fans to investigate the effect of wind on water loss by plants. The student divides the plants into three treatment groups and places each group in front of a fan. The student sets the fan for each group to one of three different levels: low, medium, or high. After 24 hours, the student determines the amount of water that was lost by each plant. To create a bar graph of the results, the student should make the height of each bar represent which of the following? - The average water loss for each treatment group Interphase is the part of the cell cycle that includes which of the following? - Replication of DNA
In which of the following cell types is a mutation most likely to have an impact on the gene pool of a population? - Sperm Which of the following actions will best help maintain the diversity and abundance of organisms in a terrestrial ecosystem? - Preventing habitat destruction A population of a certain animal species is found in a protected wildlife preserve. Which of the following poses the greatest threat to the long-term survival of the population? - Which of the following describes the primary function of bone marrow in humans? - Which of the following is the best example of habitat fragmentation? - Ether can be used to anesthetize fruit flies. The flies are typically anesthetized in an etherizer, a small chamber that contains an absorbent material onto which a few drops of ether are placed before the flies are introduced. Ether is volatile and
highly flammable. In which of the following locations should the ether be added to the etherizer? - A diploid organism has the genotype uppercase A, lowercase a, uppercase B, lowercase b, uppercase C, lowercase cAaBbCc in regard to three unlinked genetic loci. A normal gamete produced by the organism could have which of the following genotypes? - Which of the following statements best explains how insulin helps regulate blood glucose levels in a healthy individual? - It stimulates the uptake of glucose by cells of the body. The human population on Earth grew from an estimated one billion individuals to over seven billion individuals over two hundred years. Based on the information presented, which of the following was most likely true about the human population? - A teacher is preparing a lesson to help students distinguish between scientific theories, laws, and hypotheses. The teacher will provide several examples of each. Which TWO of the following statements best illustrate scientific theories? -
Students are creating a model of a predator-prey relationship. Which of the following should the students use to show how the population size of both a predator and its prey change over time? - A plant breeder cross-pollinates a true-breeding plant that has red flowers with another true-breeding plant of the same species that has white flowers. All the offspring plants have pink flowers. When the offspring are cross-pollinated, the plants that are produced have either red, white, or pink flowers. The results best support which of the following inheritance patterns for flower color in this plant species? - Reproduction by binary fission occurs in which of the following? - Of the following factors in a terrestrial ecosystem, which can be said to be abiotic?
At a typical DNA replication fork, the parental strands are separated from each other by which of the following? -
External fertilization is most common among the members of which of the following groups? - The increase in global temperatures has contributed to which of the following? - Which THREE of the following are features of meiosis that contribute to genetic variation in a species? - A difference between plants and fungi is that plants - autotrophic When caribou migrate, the weaker ones often become the prey of wolves and other carnivores. If the vegetation that the caribou eat is sparse for several consecutive years, which of the following will most likely be true about the wolf population following the years of sparse vegetation? - The wolf population will increase because of an increase in the wolves' food availability. Students and their teacher discuss how messenger RNA molecules encode the amino acid sequences of polypeptides. The teacher asks the students to predict the minimum number of nucleotides needed for a segment of messenger RNA to encode 30 amino acids of a polypeptide. Which of the following is the correct response? - 90
Exergonic and endergonic reactions in cells are interrelated in that - Students and their teacher discuss a model of how eukaryotic DNA is packaged into chromosomes. Afterward, the teacher asks each student to write a brief description of a nucleosome, the basic structural unit of DNA packaging. A correct response will describe a nucleosome as a segment of DNA wrapped around which of the following? - Which of the following is true about sea stars, insects, songbirds, sharks, and mammals? - Which of the following biomes is characterized by a consistent climate‚ nutrient- poor soil‚ and high biodiversity? - Tropical rain forest What was Antoni van Leeuwenhoek's major contribution to biology? - To investigate human diversity, researchers are collecting DNA sequence information from people around the world. The researchers are using the information to create data repositories and develop computational models. This type of research is an example of - bioinformatics
Some fruit varieties have been genetically engineered to ripen slowly, allowing the fruits to be shipped long distances without ripening too soon or becoming easily damaged. The development of the fruits most likely involved inhibition of which of the following? - Ethylene production Which of the following is the most common objection expressed by some individuals in the United States to the medical use of human embryonic stem cells? - A certain insect species lays its eggs on a specific type of plant leaf. The leaves hide the insect eggs from predators and protect them from the environment. After the eggs hatch, the insect larvae feed on the leaves, causing damage to the plant. The relationship between the insect and the plant best illustrates which of the following? - Based on the information in the table, which cell is most likely prokaryotic? - Students are preparing a report about the reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone National Park. Extirpation of the wolves in the area is thought to have been caused by hunting, agriculture, and other human activities. The students will discuss how the reintroduction of the wolves was intended to restore a keystone
the population from a disease && An influx of individuals from an adjacent population Serum albumin, a blood protein produced by hepatocytes in the liver, has a molecular mass of approximately 66.5 kilodaltons. By which of the following processes is newly synthesized serum albumin typically transferred from the cytosol of a hepatocyte to the blood? - Which of the following examples best illustrates endothermic heat production? - Hillside agricultural practices such as terracing crops and planting crops in a contour pattern are primarily designed to limit the occurrence of which of the following? - Increasing the temperature of a reaction solution containing an enzyme and its substrate will typically increase which of the following? - Mammals, reptiles, birds, and fish all belong to the same - phylum Trisomy is a type of genetic disorder that is characterized by which of the following? -
Which TWO of the following are typical characteristics of monocots but not of eudicots? - Adventitious roots && Leaves with parallel venation Which of the following is most appropriate for separating pigments extracted from plant leaves? - Which of the following structures is typically found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells? - Skin color in humans appears to show a continuous distribution. In an examination of pedigrees, no recognizable pattern of Mendelian inheritance is found with respect to skin color. The data suggest that inheritance of skin color in humans is - In eukaryotes, which of the following reactions are most directly responsible for establishing the proton concentration gradient that is required for ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation during aerobic cellular respiration? - Which of the following is the most direct environmental impact of the sulfur oxides that are released by the burning of coal? - Formation of acid precipitation
In a eukaryotic cell, glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are linked together by the transport of pyruvate molecules from the cytosol to which of the following locations? - The mitochondrial matrix Which of the following processes is most likely responsible for an increase in pathogenic bacteria that cannot be killed by common antimicrobial drugs? - Natural selection Each of the four haploid daughter cells that were produced from a certain parent cell by the normal process of meiosis has 12 chromosomes. Based on the information presented, how many chromatids were present in the parent cell during the first prophase stage of the meiotic process? - 48 Which THREE of the following are typically considered major reservoirs of carbon on Earth? - Oceans, Limestone, and Sediments in aqueous solutions ATP hydrolysis is best represented as an exergonic reaction that produces ADP and which of the following? - Inorganic Phosphate
A teacher presents students with a simulation of a dihybrid cross. Both parents in the simulation are heterozygous at each of two different genetic loci. The genetic loci are on different autosomal chromosomes. The teacher asks the students to predict the outcome of the simulation. For every offspring that displays both recessive traits, how many offspring are expected to display both dominant traits?
The organizational relationship between a population and a community is most analogous to the organizational relationship between which of the following? - Which of the following is true about biogeochemical cycles? - Some epithelial cells have microvilli, which are fingerlike projections of the plasma membrane. Which of the following statements best describes how microvilli contribute to the function of the epithelial cells that line the interior of the intestinal tract? - Convergent evolution is best illustrated by which of the following? - Which of the following combinations of a stimulus and a hormone released in response to the stimulus best illustrates a positive feedback loop? -
Gregor Mendel observed that when he crossed two pea plants with tall stems, some of the offspring had short stems. Which of the following best explains his observation? - In humans, deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the - Which of the following helps explain why the largest land animals living today are predominantly herbivores? - Which of the following organelles contains chromosomal DNA and can synthesize some of its own proteins? - The crossover frequency between two unlinked genes is expected to be nearest to which of the following? - Which of the following structures will most likely be damaged if there is an injury to the cells of the endoderm during embryogenesis? - Which TWO of the following are true statements about triglycerides? -
In a certain type of rodent, yellow hair color displays an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, with brown hair color showing dominance over yellow hair color. A female that has brown hair is mated with a male that has yellow hair. If the female is heterozygous, what percent of the offspring are expected to have brown hair? - Which of the following molecules can move rapidly across a cell membrane by passive diffusion without the assistance of a transport protein or channel? - In an experiment, duck eggs were incubated in the dark until hatching. After the ducklings hatched, they were individually placed in a well-lit pen and briefly exposed to a particular object. When the ducklings were later reintroduced to the object, they responded preferentially to the object by maintaining proximity to it and by following it as it was dragged across the ground. Which of the following types of behaviors did the ducklings exhibit in the experiment? - A population of beetles includes some individuals with light-colored wings and other individuals with dark-colored wings. A volcano erupts, and lava flow from the volcano covers much of the beetles' habitat. The frequency of beetles with dark wings increases significantly in the generations of beetles observed after the eruption. The wing-color change is most consistent with -
