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Biology 120 study guide, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Biology

Louisiana State University at Alexandria Biology

Prof. Parks Elizabeth

Biology 1201 study guide for Exam 2. School year 2025

Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research

2024/2025

Uploaded on 03/12/2025

brenda-price 🇺🇸

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The Theory and Practice of Science

The scientific method

oTesting a hypothesis

Types of sciences

Scientific reasoning

Reporting scientific work

Ethics

The Study of Life

Seven properties that define life and examples

Diversity of Life

Atoms

Parts of an atom

Four most common elements in biological systems

Atomic number, mass number, atomic mass

Isotopes, ions

Electron shells and how to find how many electrons are in each shell (including

valence)

Be able to draw an atom’s electron configuration

Types of chemical bonds (covalent, ionic, hydrogen etc.)

Be able to predict if a molecule is polar or nonpolar

Understand what electronegativity is and how it affects the chemical behavior of a

molecule

Chemical reactions and parts of the reaction

Water

Describe the four life-sustaining properties of water

Describe what it is about water that gives it those four properties

Understand what pH measures

Understand the pH scale and give an example of one common solution that is at

or near each of the following pH ranges: 1-2; 4-6; Neutral; 8-10; 12-13

Describe buffers and why they are important to living organisms

Organic Chemistry

Know what an organic compound is

Know what hydrocarbons are and why they are called that

Know about the three kinds of isomers

Know the functional groups by sight and names

Know which functional groups are polar and which are nonpolar

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The Theory and Practice of Science  The scientific method o Testing a hypothesis  Types of sciences  Scientific reasoning  Reporting scientific work  Ethics The Study of Life  Seven properties that define life and examples  Diversity of Life Atoms  Parts of an atom  Four most common elements in biological systems  Atomic number, mass number, atomic mass  Isotopes, ions  Electron shells and how to find how many electrons are in each shell (including valence)  Be able to draw an atom’s electron configuration  Types of chemical bonds (covalent, ionic, hydrogen etc.)  Be able to predict if a molecule is polar or nonpolar  Understand what electronegativity is and how it affects the chemical behavior of a molecule  Chemical reactions and parts of the reaction Water  Describe the four life-sustaining properties of water  Describe what it is about water that gives it those four properties  Understand what pH measures  Understand the pH scale and give an example of one common solution that is at or near each of the following pH ranges: 1-2; 4-6; Neutral; 8-10; 12-  Describe buffers and why they are important to living organisms Organic Chemistry  Know what an organic compound is  Know what hydrocarbons are and why they are called that  Know about the three kinds of isomers  Know the functional groups by sight and names  Know which functional groups are polar and which are nonpolar

 Recognize by site if a molecule is hydrophobic or hydrophilic Biomolecules  Know the four classes of macromolecules and give an example of each  Know the molecular formula proportions for carbohydrates  Dehydration/hydrolysis reactions  Know the monomer and polymer of each class of macromolecules if there is one  Know the roles of the following carbohydrates and if they are a mono or polysaccharide: o Glucose o Starch o Glycogen o Cellulose o Chitin  Know the chemical formula of glucose  Know the three types of lipids and what characteristic (hydrophobic) defines all lipids  Saturated vs unsaturated fatty acids: know the difference, and what role they play in the fluidity of a membrane or oil  Recognize an amino acid by site  Know how many amino acids there are  Recognize if an amino acid is hydrophilic/hydrophobic/polar/nonpolar  Know the factors that can affect denaturation of a protein  Four levels of protein structure and how those are held together (covalent vs. hydrogen bonds)  Difference between DNA and RNA  Know the structure of a nucleotide (ribose, phosphate, nitrogenous base)  Know how nucleotides are linked together along one strand  Know how two DNA strands are linked together  Know which nucleotides pair with the other: C-G and A-T for example and how to write out the DNA/RNA strands  Know which nucleotides are purines and which are pyrimidines

Biology 120 study guide, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Biology

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