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Biology 120 study guide, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Biology

Biology 1201 study guide for Exam 2. School year 2025

Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research

2024/2025

Uploaded on 03/12/2025

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The Theory and Practice of Science
The scientific method
oTesting a hypothesis
Types of sciences
Scientific reasoning
Reporting scientific work
Ethics
The Study of Life
Seven properties that define life and examples
Diversity of Life
Atoms
Parts of an atom
Four most common elements in biological systems
Atomic number, mass number, atomic mass
Isotopes, ions
Electron shells and how to find how many electrons are in each shell (including
valence)
Be able to draw an atom’s electron configuration
Types of chemical bonds (covalent, ionic, hydrogen etc.)
Be able to predict if a molecule is polar or nonpolar
Understand what electronegativity is and how it affects the chemical behavior of a
molecule
Chemical reactions and parts of the reaction
Water
Describe the four life-sustaining properties of water
Describe what it is about water that gives it those four properties
Understand what pH measures
Understand the pH scale and give an example of one common solution that is at
or near each of the following pH ranges: 1-2; 4-6; Neutral; 8-10; 12-13
Describe buffers and why they are important to living organisms
Organic Chemistry
Know what an organic compound is
Know what hydrocarbons are and why they are called that
Know about the three kinds of isomers
Know the functional groups by sight and names
Know which functional groups are polar and which are nonpolar
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The Theory and Practice of Science  The scientific method o Testing a hypothesis  Types of sciences  Scientific reasoning  Reporting scientific work  Ethics The Study of Life  Seven properties that define life and examples  Diversity of Life Atoms  Parts of an atom  Four most common elements in biological systems  Atomic number, mass number, atomic mass  Isotopes, ions  Electron shells and how to find how many electrons are in each shell (including valence)  Be able to draw an atom’s electron configuration  Types of chemical bonds (covalent, ionic, hydrogen etc.)  Be able to predict if a molecule is polar or nonpolar  Understand what electronegativity is and how it affects the chemical behavior of a molecule  Chemical reactions and parts of the reaction Water  Describe the four life-sustaining properties of water  Describe what it is about water that gives it those four properties  Understand what pH measures  Understand the pH scale and give an example of one common solution that is at or near each of the following pH ranges: 1-2; 4-6; Neutral; 8-10; 12-  Describe buffers and why they are important to living organisms Organic Chemistry  Know what an organic compound is  Know what hydrocarbons are and why they are called that  Know about the three kinds of isomers  Know the functional groups by sight and names  Know which functional groups are polar and which are nonpolar

 Recognize by site if a molecule is hydrophobic or hydrophilic Biomolecules  Know the four classes of macromolecules and give an example of each  Know the molecular formula proportions for carbohydrates  Dehydration/hydrolysis reactions  Know the monomer and polymer of each class of macromolecules if there is one  Know the roles of the following carbohydrates and if they are a mono or polysaccharide: o Glucose o Starch o Glycogen o Cellulose o Chitin  Know the chemical formula of glucose  Know the three types of lipids and what characteristic (hydrophobic) defines all lipids  Saturated vs unsaturated fatty acids: know the difference, and what role they play in the fluidity of a membrane or oil  Recognize an amino acid by site  Know how many amino acids there are  Recognize if an amino acid is hydrophilic/hydrophobic/polar/nonpolar  Know the factors that can affect denaturation of a protein  Four levels of protein structure and how those are held together (covalent vs. hydrogen bonds)  Difference between DNA and RNA  Know the structure of a nucleotide (ribose, phosphate, nitrogenous base)  Know how nucleotides are linked together along one strand  Know how two DNA strands are linked together  Know which nucleotides pair with the other: C-G and A-T for example and how to write out the DNA/RNA strands  Know which nucleotides are purines and which are pyrimidines