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Biology |/ 1134 |/Exam |/ 1 |/with |/answers
What |/are |/the |/ 8 |/characteristics |/of |/life? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Organization, |/Homeostasis, |/Metabolism, |/Respond |/to |/Stimuli, |/Growth, |/Development, |/Reproduction, |/Evolve. What |/is |/an |/Atom? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Smallest |/unit |/of |/matter |/which |/cannot |/be |/divided |/by |/normal |/chemical |/and |/physical |/means. What |/are |/molecules? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔two |/or |/more |/atoms |/joined |/together. What |/are |/organelles? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔specialized |/structures |/in |/the |/cytoplasm |/of |/cells |/providing |/essential |/cell |/functions What |/are |/Cells? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔smallest |/unit |/of |/life What |/are |/tissues? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔groups |/of |/similar |/cells |/working |/together |/to |/provide |/a |/specific |/function What |/are |/Organs? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Layers |/of |/different |/tissue |/types |/working |/together |/to |/provided |/a |/specific |/function
What |/are |/Organ-Systems? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔different |/organs |/working |/together |/to |/accomplish |/a |/common |/goal What |/are |/organisms? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔a |/complete |/living |/thing What |/are |/species? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔groups |/of |/similar |/organisms |/capable |/of |/reproducing |/and |/producing |/fertile |/offspring What |/is |/a |/community? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔All |/of |/the |/different |/species |/living |/in |/the |/same |/location. |/(biotic |/only) What |/is |/an |/ecosystem? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔interactions |/of |/the |/community |/with |/the |/physical |/(abiotic) |/environment What |/is |/a |/biosphere? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔all |/regions |/above, |/on, |/and |/below |/the |/earth's |/surface |/where |/living |/organisms |/exist. Organization |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔organisms |/maintain |/an |/internal |/order |/that |/is |/separated |/from |/the |/environment Homeostasis |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔The |/maintenance |/of |/a |/relatively |/stable |/internal |/environment |/no |/matter |/what |/is |/going |/on |/outside
What |/is |/a |/taxon? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔groups |/species |/are |/placed |/in |/based |/on |/their |/evolutionary |/history In |/order |/from |/most |/broad |/to |/most |/exclusive, |/what |/are |/the |/classification |/groups? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Domain, |/Kingdom, |/Phylum, |/Class, |/Order, |/Family, |/Genus, |/Species Binomial |/Nomenclature |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔The |/unique |/scientific |/name; |/made |/up |/of |/Genus |/and |/Species. |/Genus |/is |/CAPITALIZED |/and |/Species |/is |/NOT. |/Underline |/or |/Italicize. What |/are |/the |/ 3 |/domains |/of |/life? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Bacteria, |/Archaea, |/Eukarya Bacteria |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔most |/primitive |/organisms |/on |/Earth. |/Date |/back |/to |/3.5 |/billion |/yrs. |/Unicellular |/(Prokaryote=no |/nucleus) Archaea |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔unicellular |/prokaryotes. |/live |/in |/extreme |/environments |/(aka |/extremeophiles). |/Live |/in |/areas |/of |/high |/salinity, |/low |/pH, |/and |/Extreme |/temps. Eukarya |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔DNA |/in |/a |/nucleus. |/Cells |/are |/larger |/than |/prokaryotes. |/Includes |/protists, |/fungi, |/plants, |/and |/animals.
Scientific |/Method |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔a |/stepwise |/procedure |/followed |/to |/collect |/reliable |/information |/about |/the |/natural |/world. |/Also |/called |/HYPOTHESIS |/TESTING. What |/is |/Science? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔the |/observation, |/experimental |/investigation, |/and |/theoretical |/explanation |/of |/natural |/phenomena. Zoology |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔study |/of |/animals Botany |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔study |/of |/plants Ecology |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔study |/of |/interactions |/of |/organisms |/and |/their |/environments Microbiology |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔study |/of |/microorganisms What |/types |/of |/questions |/do |/scientists |/ask? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔casual |/questions. |/The |/Unlitmate |/goal |/of |/science |/is |/to |/establish |/cause |/and |/effect |/relationships
|/information |/for |/the |/sake |/of |/doing |/so. |/Often |/leads |/the |/the |/generation |/of |/a |/hypothesis Ex. |/of |/Discovery-Based |/Science |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Identify |/a |/new |/gene |/of |/human |/genome. Gather |/information |/about |/the |/gene. Info |/may |/lead |/to |/hypotheses |/regarding |/its |/function. What |/ 4 |/elements |/make |/up |/over |/90% |/of |/the |/human |/body? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Hydrogen, |/Oxygen, |/Carbon, |/and |/Nitrogen Matter |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔anything |/that |/has |/mass |/and |/takes |/up |/space Elements |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Pure |/chemical |/substances |/consisting |/of |/atoms |/with |/the |/same |/number |/of |/protons |/in |/their |/nuclei Protons |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔positively |/charged |/subatomic |/particles
Neutron |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔neutrally |/charged |/subatomic |/particles Electron |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Negatively |/charged |/subatomic |/particles Election |/Orbitals |/(energy |/shells) |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔regions |/around |/nucleus |/where |/elections |/are |/most |/likely |/to |/be |/found Valence |/electrons |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔electrons |/found |/in |/the |/outermost |/electron |/shell. |/allow |/atoms |/to |/form |/chemical |/bonds Isotopes |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Atoms |/of |/same |/element |/with |/differing |/numbers |/of |/neutrons What |/is |/the |/most |/abundant |/form |/of |/carbon? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔C12. |/(Accounts |/for |/99% |/of |/Carbon |/in |/organisms) Radioisotopes |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔unstable |/and |/don't |/exist |/for |/along |/time. |/Emit |/radiation |/(decay) |/in |/order |/to |/reach |/a |/more |/stable |/form. Half-Life |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Time |/required |/for |/50% |/of |/isotope |/to |/decay.
What |/two |/types |/of |/bonds |/are |/easily |/broken |/in |/water? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Hydrogen |/and |/Ionic Covalent |/Bond |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Atoms |/that |/share |/electrons |/in |/order |/to |/satisfy |/the |/octet |/rule. |/Strong |/bonds. |/Represented |/by |/solid |/lines. Electronegativity |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔ability |/of |/atoms |/to |/attract |/electrons |/towards |/its |/nucleus |/in |/a |/chemical |/bond. Polar |/covalent |/bonds |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔form |/between |/atoms |/with |/different |/electronegativities. |/Electrons |/are |/not |/shared |/equally. |/Closer |/to |/nucleus |/of |/atom |/of |/higher |/electronegativity. |/partial |/charges |/develop Nonpolar |/covalent |/bonds |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔form |/between |/atoms |/of |/similar |/electronegativity. |/electrons |/are |/shared |/equally |/between |/atoms. |/No |/partial |/charges |/develop. Hydrogen |/bonds |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔attraction |/between |/a |/partially |/positive |/Hydrogen |/atom |/of |/a |/polar |/molecule |/and |/a |/partially |/negative |/atom |/of |/another |/polar |/molecule. |/Represented |/by |/a |/dotted |/line.
van |/der |/Waals |/Forces |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Temporary, |/weak |/attractive |/forces |/forming |/between |/molecules. |/In |/a |/non |/polar |/molecule, |/electrons |/in |/outer |/shells |/of |/atoms |/may |/be |/be |/evenly |/or |/unevenly |/distributed. What |/are |/the |/shapes |/of |/molecules |/(In |/relation |/to |/breakability) |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔molecules |/with |/covalent |/bonds |/are |/flexible. |/Shape |/can |/can |/change |/without |/breaking |/bonds. Free |/Radical |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Molecules |/that |/has |/an |/atom |/with |/a |/single, |/unpaired |/electron |/in |/its |/outer |/shell. |/They |/"steal" |/electrons |/from |/other |/molecules, |/thus |/creating |/another |/free |/radicals. What |/causes |/a |/free |/radical |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔expose |/to |/radiation |/or |/toxins. |/response |/to |/disease-causing |/agents How |/much |/of |/the |/human |/body |/weight |/is |/water? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔60-70% Water |/molecules |/are.... |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔dipolar What |/is |/the |/most |/abundant |/solvent |/in |/nature? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔water
Adhesion |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔water |/molecules |/adhere |/to |/surfaces |/that |/are |/not |/electrically |/neutral Surface |/Tension |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔attraction |/between |/molecules |/at |/the |/surface |/of |/a |/liquid Colligative |/Properties |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Properties |/that |/depend |/on |/the |/total |/number |/of |/dissolved |/solutes, |/not |/on |/the |/specific |/type |/of |/solute. |/(Ex. |/boiling |/point, |/freezing |/point) Acids |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔pH |/below |/7. |/Release |/H+ |/in |/solution Bases |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔pH |/above |/7. |/Release |/OH- |/in |/solution pH |/can |/alter |/what? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔shapes |/and |/functions |/of |/molecules. |/Chemical |/reaction |/rates. |/Ability |/of |/molecules |/to |/bind |/together. |/Solubility |/of |/ions/molecules |/in |/water. The |/pH |/scale |/is |/..... |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔logarithmic. |/The |/solution |/of |/ 1 |/is |/ 10 |/times |/the |/amount |/of |/H+ |/when |/compared |/to |/a |/solution |/of |/pH |/of |/ 2
Buffers |/do |/what? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔prevent |/drastic |/changes |/in |/pH |/of |/bodily |/fluids What |/is |/the |/buffer |/equation |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔CO2 |/+ |/H2O |/= |/H2CO3 |/= |/H+ |/+ |/HCO3- What |/is |/a |/salt |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔compounds |/formed |/from |/an |/attracted |/between |/a |/cation |/and |/an |/anion. Organic |/Molecule |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Molecules |/composed |/of |/carbon |/atoms |/in |/the |/form |/of |/chains |/or |/rings |/which |/also |/contain |/hydrogen |/atoms. Carbon |/has |/four |/valence |/electrons |/so.... |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔it |/can |/form |/up |/to |/ 4 |/covalent |/bonds |/with |/other |/atoms. |/Usually |/H, |/O, |/N, |/S, |/and |/other |/C |/atoms. Which |/carbon |/bonds |/are |/nonpolar |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔C-C |/and |/H-C Which |/carbon |/bond |/are |/polar |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔C-N |/and |/C-O What |/types |/of |/bonds |/are |/the |/most |/stable |/in |/regards |/to |/C-C |/bonds |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔shorter |/bonds
Carbohydrates |/contain |/which |/elements |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔C, |/H, |/and |/O |/in |/a |/ration |/of |/1C:2H:1O What |/is |/a |/Monosaccharide |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔simple |/sugars. |/Monomers. What |/are |/the |/ 3 |/Hexose |/monosaccharides |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Glucose, |/Galactose, |/Fructose What |/are |/the |/ 3 |/Pentose |/monosaccharides |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Ribose, |/Deoxyribose Glucose |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Fuel |/molecule |/that |/animals |/burn |/to |/meet |/short |/term |/energy |/needs Fructose |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Sugar |/food |/in |/plants Galactose |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Found |/in |/dairy |/products Disaccharides |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔two |/monosaccharides |/joined |/together.
Glycosidic |/bond |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔bond |/joined |/ 2 |/sugar |/molecules Sucrose |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Glucose |/+ |/Fructose. |/Major |/transport |/form |/of |/sugar |/in |/plants Maltose |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Glucose |/+ |/Glucose. |/Produced |/by |/breakdown |/of |/starch Lactose |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Glucose |/+ |/Galactose. |/Found |/in |/milk. |/Lactase |/(enzyme) |/that |/digests |/lactose. Polysaccharides |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Long |/chains |/of |/monosaccharides |/bonded |/together. Glycogen |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Branched |/polymer. |/High |/degree |/of |/branching. |/Creates |/an |/open |/structure. |/Highly |/soluble |/in |/water. |/Primary |/storage |/form |/glucose |/in |/animals. Starch |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Branched |/polymer |/of |/glucose |/molecules. |/Less |/branched |/than |/glycogen. |/Less |/soluble |/than |/glycogen.
Phospholipids |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔major |/components |/of |/biological |/membranes. Head |/of |/Phospholipid |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Polar, |/charged, |/hydrophilic, |/Glycerol |/backbone |/and |/phosphate |/group. Tail |/of |/Phospholipid |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔non |/polar, |/uncharged, |/hydrophobic, |/fatty |/acids Steroids |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔composed |/of |/ 4 |/fused |/carbon |/rings. |/(ex. |/cholesterol, |/testosterone, |/estrogen) Proteins |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Composed |/of |/C, |/H, |/O, |/N, |/and |/small |/amounts |/of |/other |/atoms |/(primarily |/S). |/Account |/for |/about |/50% |/of |/organic |/material |/in |/animals. |/Play |/critical |/roles |/in |/life |/processes. What |/is |/an |/amino |/acid |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔monomers |/of |/polypeptides |/and |/proteins. |/ 20 |/different |/amino |/acids |/found |/in |/proteins. What |/is |/an |/amino |/acid |/made |/up |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Carboxyl |/group |/(-COOH), |/Amino |/group |/(-NH2), |/H |/atom, |/R |/group.
Peptide |/bonds |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔a |/covalent |/bond |/between |/the |/amino |/group |/of |/one |/amino |/acid |/and |/the |/carboxyl |/group |/of |/another. Polypeptide |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔A |/structural |/unit |/composed |/of |/a |/long |/chain |/amino |/acids |/joined |/together. |/(Linear |/sequence |/of |/amino |/acids) what |/are |/the |/Levels |/of |/Organization |/of |/proteins |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Primary |/Structure, |/Secondary |/Structure, |/Tertiary |/Structure, |/Quaternary |/Structure Primary |/Structure |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Linear |/sequence |/of |/amino |/acids. |/Genetically |/determined. Secondary |/Structure |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Folding |/of |/the |/primary |/structure. |/Forms |/either |/alpha |/helix |/or |/beta |/pleated |/sheets. |/Both |/are |/key |/determinants |/of |/a |/protein's |/characteristics. Tertiary |/Structure |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Folding |/of |/the |/entire |/secondary |/structure. |/The |/3D |/shape |/of |/a |/singe |/polypeptide. |/Involves |/interactions |/of |/amino |/acid |/side |/chains. Quaternary |/Structure |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Association |/fo |/multiple |/polypeptides. |/Individual |/polypeptides |/called |/protein
