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Biology Midterm Exam 1 Review: Key Concepts and Definitions, Exams of Biology

A concise overview of key concepts in biology, particularly focusing on evolution and genetics. It defines terms such as population, transitional features, vestigial traits, homologous and analogous structures, biogeography, and phylogeny. Additionally, it covers various aspects of natural selection, including directional, stabilizing, and disruptive selection, as well as genetic drift and gene flow. The document also touches on allele and genotype frequencies, hardy-weinberg equilibrium, and different modes of speciation like allopatric and sympatric speciation. It further explains plant biology concepts such as indeterminate and determinate growth, root and shoot systems, and various plant structures and adaptations. This resource is valuable for students seeking a quick review of essential biological terms and concepts, offering clear definitions and explanations to aid in understanding complex topics. (498 characters)

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2024/2025

Available from 06/06/2025

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Biology 5 112 5 Midterm 5 Exam 5 with 5
accurate 5 detailed 5 solutions
Population 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 a 5 group 5 of 5 individuals 5 of 5 the 5 species 5 living 5 in
5 the 5 same 5 geographic 5 area 5 at 5 the 5 same 5 time
Transitional 5 Features 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 a 5 trait 5 in 5 a 5 fossil 5 species 5 that 5 is 5
intermediate 5 between 5 those 5 of 5 ancestral 5 and 5 derived 5 (younger) 5 species
Vestigial 5 Traits 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 a 5 reduced 5 or 5 incompletely 5 developed 5
structure 5 that 5 has 5 no 5 function 5 or 5 reduced 5 function, 5 but 5 is 5 clearly 5 similar 5 to 5
functioning 5 organs 5 or 5 structures 5 in 5 closely 5 related 5 species
Homologous 5 Structures 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 Structures 5 in 5 different 5 species 5
that 5 are 5 similar 5 because 5 of 5 common 5 ancestry.
Analogous 5 Structures 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 similarities 5 among 5 unrelated 5
species 5 that 5 result 5 from 5 convergent 5 evolution
Biogeography 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 the 5 study 5 of 5 how 5 species 5 and 5 populations 5
are 5 distributed 5 geographically
Phylogeny 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 the 5 evolutionary 5 history 5 of 5 a 5 group 5 of 5
organisms
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Biology 5 112 5 Midterm 5 Exam 5 with 5

accurate 5 detailed 5 solutions

Population 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔a 5 group 5 of 5 individuals 5 of 5 the 5 species 5 living 5 in 5 the 5 same 5 geographic 5 area 5 at 5 the 5 same 5 time Transitional 5 Features 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔a 5 trait 5 in 5 a 5 fossil 5 species 5 that 5 is 5 intermediate 5 between 5 those 5 of 5 ancestral 5 and 5 derived 5 (younger) 5 species Vestigial 5 Traits 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔a 5 reduced 5 or 5 incompletely 5 developed 5 structure 5 that 5 has 5 no 5 function 5 or 5 reduced 5 function, 5 but 5 is 5 clearly 5 similar 5 to 5 functioning 5 organs 5 or 5 structures 5 in 5 closely 5 related 5 species Homologous 5 Structures 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Structures 5 in 5 different 5 species 5 that 5 are 5 similar 5 because 5 of 5 common 5 ancestry. Analogous 5 Structures 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔similarities 5 among 5 unrelated 5 species 5 that 5 result 5 from 5 convergent 5 evolution Biogeography 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 study 5 of 5 how 5 species 5 and 5 populations 5 are 5 distributed 5 geographically Phylogeny 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 evolutionary 5 history 5 of 5 a 5 group 5 of 5 organisms

Homology 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔similarity 5 among 5 organisms 5 of 5 different 5 species 5 due 5 to 5 their 5 inheritance 5 from 5 a 5 common 5 ancestor. 5 Features 5 that 5 exhibit 5 such 5 similarity 5 (DNA 5 sequences, 5 proteins, 5 body 5 parts) 5 are 5 said 5 to 5 be 5 homologous Developmental 5 Homology 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔recognized 5 in 5 embryos, Structural 5 Homology 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Similarities 5 in 5 organismal 5 structures 5 (e.g., 5 limbs, 5 shells, 5 flowers) 5 that 5 are 5 due 5 to 5 inheritance 5 from 5 a 5 common 5 ancestor. Adaptation 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔any 5 heritable 5 trait 5 that 5 increases 5 the 5 fitness 5 of 5 an 5 individual 5 with 5 that 5 trait, 5 compared 5 with 5 individuals 5 without 5 the 5 trait, 5 in 5 a 5 particular 5 environment Allele 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔a 5 particular 5 version 5 of 5 a 5 gene Mutation 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔any 5 change 5 in 5 the 5 hereditary 5 material 5 of 5 an 5 organism 5 (DNA 5 in 5 organisms, 5 RNA 5 in 5 viruses) 5 those 5 only 5 source 5 alleles 5 in 5 populations Variation 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔(biology) 5 an 5 organism 5 that 5 has 5 characteristics 5 resulting 5 from 5 chromosomal 5 alteration

Allele 5 Frequency 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔is 5 a 5 measure 5 of 5 the 5 relative 5 frequency 5 of 5 an 5 allele 5 on 5 a 5 genetic 5 locus 5 in 5 a 5 population. 5 Usually 5 it 5 is 5 expressed 5 as 5 a 5 proportion 5 or 5 a 5 percentage. 5 In 5 population 5 genetics, 5 allele 5 frequencies 5 show 5 the 5 genetic 5 diversity 5 of 5 a 5 species 5 population 5 or 5 equivalently 5 the 5 richness 5 of 5 its 5 gene 5 pool. Genotype 5 Frequency 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔In 5 population 5 genetics, 5 the 5 genotype 5 frequency 5 is 5 the 5 frequency 5 or 5 proportion 5 (i.e., 5 0 5 < 5 f 5 < 5 1) 5 of 5 genotypes 5 in 5 a 5 population. 5 Although 5 allele 5 and 5 genotype 5 frequencies 5 are 5 related, 5 it 5 is 5 important 5 to 5 clearly 5 distinguish 5 them. Hardy-Weinburg 5 Equilibrium 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔a 5 principle 5 of 5 population 5 genetics 5 stating 5 the 5 genotype 5 frequencies 5 in 5 a 5 large 5 population 5 do 5 not 5 change 5 from 5 generation 5 to 5 generation 5 in 5 the 5 absence 5 of 5 evolutionary 5 processes 5 and 5 nonrandom 5 mating Allopatric 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔speciation 5 that 5 occurs 5 when 5 populations 5 of 5 the 5 same 5 species 5 become 5 geographically 5 isolated 5 often 5 due 5 to 5 dispersal 5 or 5 vicariance Sympatric 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 divergence 5 of 5 2 5 populations 5 within 5 the 5 same 5 geographic 5 area 5 into 5 different 5 species 5 as 5 the 5 result 5 of 5 their 5 genetic 5 (not 5 physical) 5 isolation Auto 5 Polyploidy 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 process 5 by 5 which 5 damaged 5 organelles 5 are 5 surrounded 5 by 5 a 5 membrane 5 and 5 delivered 5 to 5 a 5 lysosome 5 to 5 be 5 recycled

Allo 5 Polyploidy 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 state 5 of 5 having 5 more 5 than 5 two 5 full 5 sets 5 of 5 chromosomes 5 due 5 to 5 hybridization 5 between 5 different 5 species Prezygotic 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔reproductive 5 isolation 5 resulting 5 from 5 any 5 one 5 of 5 several 5 mechanisms 5 that 5 prevent 5 individuals 5 of 5 two 5 different 5 species 5 from 5 mating Postzygotic 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔reproductive 5 isolation 5 resulting 5 from 5 mechanisms 5 that 5 operate 5 after 5 mating 5 of 5 individuals 5 of 5 two 5 species 5 occurs. 5 The 5 most 5 common 5 mechanisms 5 are 5 death 5 of 5 hybrid 5 embryos 5 or 5 reduced 5 fitness 5 of 5 hybrids Phylogenetic 5 Species 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 definition 5 of 5 a 5 species 5 as 5 the 5 smallest 5 monophyletic 5 group 5 in 5 a 5 phlogenetic 5 tree Indeterminate 5 Growth 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔growth 5 that 5 is 5 not 5 terminated 5 in 5 contrast 5 to 5 determinate 5 growth 5 that 5 stops 5 once 5 a 5 genetically 5 pre- determined 5 structure 5 has 5 completely 5 formed. Determinate 5 Growth 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔growth 5 in 5 which 5 the 5 axis 5 being 5 limited 5 by 5 the 5 development 5 of 5 the 5 terminal 5 flower 5 bud 5 or 5 other 5 reproductive 5 structure 5 does 5 not 5 continue 5 to 5 elongate 5 indefinitely 5 (as 5 in 5 a 5 cymose 5 inflorescence 5 and 5 in 5 certain 5 mosses) Root 5 System 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 below 5 part 5 of 5 a 5 plant

Meristem 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔in 5 plants, 5 a 5 group 5 of 5 undifferentiated 5 cells, 5 including 5 stem 5 cells, 5 which 5 can 5 divide 5 and 5 develop 5 into 5 various 5 adult 5 tissues 5 throughout 5 the 5 life 5 of 5 a 5 plant, Stolon 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔a 5 modified 5 stem 5 that 5 runs 5 horizontally 5 over 5 the 5 soil 5 surface 5 and 5 produces 5 new 5 plants 5 at 5 the 5 nodes Rhizome 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔a 5 modified 5 stem 5 that 5 runs 5 horizontally 5 underground 5 and 5 produces 5 new 5 plants 5 at 5 the 5 nodes Tuber 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔a 5 modified 5 plant 5 rhizome 5 that 5 functions 5 in 5 storage 5 of 5 carbohydrates Blade 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 wide 5 flat 5 part 5 of 5 a 5 plant 5 leaf Petiole 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 stalk 5 of 5 a 5 leaf Tendril 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔a 5 specialized 5 stem, 5 leaf 5 or 5 petiole 5 with 5 a 5 threadlike 5 shape 5 that 5 is 5 used 5 by 5 climbing 5 plants 5 for 5 support, 5 attachment 5 and 5 cellular 5 invasion 5 by 5 parasitic 5 plants, 5 generally 5 by 5 twining 5 around 5 suitable 5 hosts. 5 They 5 do 5 not 5 have 5 a 5 lamina 5 or 5 blade, 5 but 5 they 5 can 5 photosynthesize. Trichomes 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔a 5 hairlike 5 appendage 5 that 5 grows 5 from 5 epidermal 5 cells 5 in 5 the 5 shoot 5 system 5 of 5 some 5 plants, 5 exhibit 5 a 5 variety 5 of 5 shapes, 5 sizes, 5 and 5 functions 5 depending 5 on 5 species

Stomata 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔generally 5 a 5 pore 5 or 5 opening 5 in 5 a 5 plant, 5 a 5 microscopic 5 pore 5 surrounded 5 by 5 specialized 5 cells 5 that 5 open 5 the 5 pore 5 on 5 the 5 surface 5 of 5 a 5 leaf 5 or 5 stem 5 through 5 which 5 gas 5 exchange 5 occurs Guard 5 Cells 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔one 5 of 5 2 5 specialized 5 crescent 5 shaped 5 cells 5 forming 5 the 5 border 5 of 5 a 5 plant 5 stoma, 5 they 5 can 5 change 5 shape 5 to 5 open 5 or 5 close 5 the 5 stoma Plasmodesmata 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔physical 5 connections 5 between 5 2 5 plant 5 cells, 5 consisting 5 of 5 membrane 5 lined 5 gaps 5 in 5 the 5 cell 5 wall 5 through 5 which 5 the 5 two 5 cells' 5 plasma 5 membranes 5 cytoplasm, 5 and 5 smooth 5 ER 5 can 5 connect 5 directly. Ground 5 Tissue 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔an 5 embryonic 5 tissue 5 layer 5 that 5 gives 5 rise 5 to 5 parenchyma, 5 collenchyma, 5 and 5 sclerenchyma, 5 tissues 5 other 5 than 5 the 5 epidermis 5 and 5 vasucular 5 tissue Dermal 5 Tissue 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 tissue 5 forming 5 the 5 outer 5 layer 5 of 5 the 5 plant 5 (epidermis) Vascular 5 Tissue 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔tissue 5 that 5 transports 5 water, 5 nutrients, 5 and 5 sugars, 5 made 5 up 5 of 5 complex 5 tissues 5 xylem 5 and 5 phloem Fibers 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔in 5 plants, 5 a 5 type 5 of 5 elongated 5 sclerenchyma 5 cell 5 that 5 provides 5 support 5 to 5 vascular 5 tissues

Lateral 5 Meristem 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔A 5 meristem 5 that 5 thickens 5 the 5 roots 5 and 5 shoots 5 of 5 woody 5 plants. 5 The 5 vascular 5 cambium 5 and 5 cork 5 cambium 5 are 5 an 5 example Vascular 5 Cambium 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔one 5 of 5 two 5 types 5 of 5 cylindrical 5 meristem, 5 consisting 5 of 5 a 5 ring 5 of 5 undifferentiated 5 plant 5 cells 5 in 5 the 5 stem 5 and 5 root 5 of 5 woody 5 plants; 5 produces 5 xylem 5 (wood) 5 and 5 secondary 5 phloem Cork 5 Cambium 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔one 5 of 5 two 5 types 5 of 5 cylindrical 5 meristem, 5 consisting 5 of 5 a 5 ring 5 of 5 undifferentiated 5 plant 5 cells 5 found 5 just 5 under 5 the 5 cork 5 layer 5 of 5 woody 5 stems 5 and 5 roots; 5 produces 5 new 5 cork 5 cells 5 on 5 its 5 outer 5 side Periderm 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 corky 5 outer 5 layer 5 of 5 a 5 plant 5 stem 5 formed 5 in 5 secondary 5 thickening 5 or 5 as 5 a 5 response 5 to 5 injury 5 or 5 infection. Bark 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 productive 5 out 5 layer 5 of 5 woody 5 plants, 5 composed 5 of 5 cork 5 cells, 5 cork 5 cambium, 5 and 5 secondary 5 phloem Cork 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 buoyant, 5 light 5 brown 5 substance 5 obtained 5 from 5 the 5 outer 5 layer 5 of 5 the 5 bark 5 of 5 the 5 cork 5 oak. Heartwood 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 older 5 xylem 5 in 5 the 5 center 5 of 5 an 5 older 5 stem 5 or 5 root, 5 containing 5 protective 5 compounds 5 and 5 no 5 longer 5 functioning 5 in 5 water 5 transport

Sapwood 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 younger 5 xylem 5 in 5 the 5 outer 5 layer 5 of 5 wood 5 of 5 a 5 stem 5 or 5 root, 5 functioning 5 primarily 5 in 5 water 5 transport Growth 5 Rings 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔a 5 concentric 5 layer 5 of 5 wood, 5 shell, 5 or 5 bone 5 developed 5 during 5 an 5 annual 5 or 5 other 5 regular 5 period 5 of 5 growth Water 5 Potential 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 potential 5 energy 5 of 5 water 5 in 5 a 5 certain 5 environment 5 compared 5 with 5 the 5 potential 5 energy 5 of 5 pure 5 of 5 pure 5 water 5 at 5 room 5 temperature 5 and 5 atmospheric 5 pressure, 5 in 5 living 5 organisms 5 equals 5 the 5 solute 5 potential 5 plus 5 the 5 pressure 5 potential Solute 5 Potential 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔a 5 component 5 of 5 the 5 potential 5 energy 5 of 5 water 5 caused 5 by 5 a 5 difference 5 in 5 solute 5 concentrations 5 at 5 two 5 locations, 5 can 5 be 5 zero 5 or 5 negative Pressure 5 Potential 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔a 5 component 5 of 5 the 5 potential 5 energy 5 of 5 water 5 caused 5 by 5 physical 5 pressures 5 on 5 a 5 solution, 5 it 5 can 5 be 5 positive 5 or 5 negative Hypotonic 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔comparative 5 term 5 designating 5 a 5 solution 5 that 5 if 5 inside 5 a 5 cell 5 or 5 vesicle 5 results 5 in 5 the 5 loss 5 of 5 water 5 and 5 shrinkage 5 of 5 the 5 membrane-bound 5 structure. 5 This 5 solution 5 has 5 lower 5 solute 5 concentration 5 than 5 the 5 solution 5 on 5 the 5 other 5 side 5 of 5 the 5 membrane. 5 Used 5 when 5 the 5 solute 5 is 5 unable 5 to 5 pass 5 through 5 the 5 membrane Hypertonic 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔comparative 5 term 5 designating 5 a 5 solution 5 that, 5 if 5 inside 5 a 5 cell 5 or 5 vesicle 5 results 5 in 5 the 5 uptake 5 of 5 water 5 and 5 swelling 5 or 5

Apoplastic 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 free 5 diffusional 5 space 5 outside 5 the 5 plasma 5 membrane. 5 It 5 is 5 interrupted 5 by 5 the 5 Casparian 5 strip 5 in 5 roots, 5 by 5 air 5 spaces 5 between 5 plant 5 cells 5 and 5 by 5 the 5 plant 5 cuticle. Sympoastic 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔ Root 5 Pressure 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔positive 5 pressure 5 of 5 xylem 5 sap 5 in 5 the 5 vascular 5 tissue 5 of 5 roots, 5 generated 5 during 5 the 5 night 5 as 5 a 5 result 5 of 5 the 5 accumulation 5 of 5 ions 5 from 5 the 5 soil 5 and 5 subsequent 5 osmotic 5 movement 5 of 5 water 5 into 5 the 5 xylem Guttation 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔excretion 5 of 5 water 5 droplets 5 from 5 plant 5 leaves; 5 visible 5 in 5 the 5 early 5 morning 5 caused 5 by 5 root 5 pressure Adhesion 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 tendency 5 of 5 certain 5 dissimilar 5 molecules 5 to 5 cling 5 together 5 due 5 to 5 attractive 5 forces Cohesion 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 tendency 5 of 5 certain 5 like 5 molecules 5 to 5 cling 5 together 5 due 5 to 5 atractive 5 forces Transpiration 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔loss 5 of 5 water 5 vapor 5 from 5 aboveground 5 plant 5 parts, 5 occurs 5 in 5 stoma Translocation 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔1. 5 in 5 plants 5 the 5 movement 5 of 5 sugars 5 and 5 other 5 organic 5 nutrients 5 through 5 the 5 phloem 5 by 5 bulk 5 flow 5 2. 5 a 5 type 5 of 5

mutation 5 in 5 which 5 a 5 piece 5 of 5 a 5 chromosome 5 moves 5 to 5 a 5 non 5 homologous 5 chromosome 5 3. 5 movement 5 of 5 a 5 ribosome 5 down 5 a 5 messenger 5 RNA 5 during 5 translation Source 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔any 5 tissue, 5 site, 5 or 5 location 5 where 5 a 5 substance 5 is 5 produced 5 or 5 enters 5 circulation Sink 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔any 5 tissue, 5 site, 5 or 5 location 5 where 5 an 5 element 5 or 5 a 5 molecule 5 is 5 consumed 5 or 5 taken 5 out 5 of 5 circulation Pressure 5 Flow 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔sugar 5 movement 5 through 5 phloem 5 tissue 5 is 5 due 5 to 5 differences 5 in 5 the 5 turgor 5 pressure 5 of 5 phloem 5 sap Phloem 5 Loading 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 active 5 transport 5 of 5 sucrose 5 into 5 a 5 sieve 5 tube 5 element Phloem 5 Unloading 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Removal 5 of 5 solutes 5 at 5 sinks Macronutrient 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔any 5 element 5 that 5 is 5 required 5 in 5 large 5 quantities 5 for 5 normal 5 growth, 5 reproduction, 5 and 5 maintenance 5 of 5 a 5 living 5 organism 5 (nitrogen) Micronutrient 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔any 5 element 5 that 5 is 5 required 5 is 5 small 5 amounts 5 for 5 normal 5 growth, 5 reproduction, 5 and 5 maintenance 5 of 5 a 5 living 5 organism

Signal 5 Transduction 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 process 5 by 5 which 5 a 5 stimulus 5 outside 5 a 5 cell 5 is 5 converted 5 into 5 an 5 intracellular 5 signal 5 required 5 for 5 a 5 cellular 5 response, 5 usually 5 involves 5 a 5 specific 5 sequence 5 of 5 molecular 5 events, 5 or 5 signal 5 transduction 5 pathway 5 that 5 may 5 lead 5 to 5 amplification 5 of 5 signal Phototropism 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔growth 5 or 5 movement 5 of 5 an 5 organism 5 in 5 a 5 particular 5 direction 5 in 5 response 5 to 5 light Auxin 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔idoleacteic 5 acid, 5 a 5 plant 5 hormone 5 that 5 stimulates 5 phototropism 5 and 5 cell 5 elongation Gravitropism 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 growth 5 of 5 movement 5 of 5 a 5 plant 5 in 5 a 5 particular 5 direction 5 in 5 response 5 to 5 gravity Statolith 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔a 5 tiny 5 stone 5 or 5 dense 5 particle 5 found 5 in 5 specialized 5 gravity-sensing 5 organs 5 in 5 some 5 animals 5 such 5 as 5 lobsters, 5 and 5 gravity 5 sensing 5 tissue 5 of 5 plants Amyloplast 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔starch-storing 5 organelles 5 in 5 plants, 5 in 5 root 5 cap 5 cells 5 they 5 settle 5 to 5 the 5 bottom 5 of 5 the 5 cell 5 and 5 may 5 be 5 used 5 as 5 gravity 5 detectors Thigmotropism 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔growth 5 or 5 movement 5 of 5 an 5 organism 5 in 5 response 5 to 5 contact 5 with 5 a 5 solid 5 object

Apical 5 Dominance 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔inhibition 5 of 5 lateral 5 bud 5 growth 5 by 5 apical 5 meristem 5 at 5 the 5 tip 5 of 5 a 5 plant 5 branch Cytokinins 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔division 5 of 5 the 5 cytoplasm 5 to 5 form 5 two 5 daughter 5 cells, 5 typically 5 occurs 5 immediately 5 after 5 division 5 of 5 the 5 nucleus 5 by 5 mitosis 5 or 5 meiosis Dormancy 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔a 5 temporary 5 state 5 of 5 greatly 5 reduced 5 metabolic 5 activity 5 and 5 growth 5 in 5 plants 5 or 5 plant 5 parts 5 (seeds, 5 spores, 5 bulbs, 5 and 5 buds) Gibberellins 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔a 5 class 5 of 5 hormones 5 found 5 in 5 plants 5 and 5 fungi 5 that 5 stimulate 5 growth Abscisic 5 Acid 5 (ABA) 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔a 5 plant 5 hormone 5 that 5 inhibits 5 growth; 5 it 5 stimulates 5 stomatal 5 closure 5 and 5 triggers 5 dormancy Brassinosteroids 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔a 5 family 5 steroid 5 hormones 5 found 5 in 5 plants; 5 stimulate 5 growth Ethylene 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔a 5 gaseous 5 plant 5 hormone 5 associated 5 with 5 senescence 5 that 5 induces 5 fruits 5 to 5 ripen 5 and 5 flowers 5 to 5 fade Alternation 5 of 5 Generations 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔a 5 life 5 cycle 5 involving 5 alternation 5 of 5 multicellular 5 haploid 5 stage 5 with 5 a 5 multicellular 5 diploid 5 stage

Sporophyte 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔in 5 organisms 5 undergoing 5 alternation 5 of 5 generations, 5 the 5 multicellular 5 diploid 5 form 5 that 5 arises 5 from 5 two 5 fused 5 gametes 5 and 5 produces 5 haploid 5 spores Zygote 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 cell 5 formed 5 by 5 the 5 union 5 of 5 2 5 gametes; 5 a 5 fertilized 5 egg Diploid 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔having 5 2 5 sets 5 of 5 chromosomes 5 (2n), 5 a 5 cell 5 or 5 an 5 individual 5 organism 5 with 5 two 5 sets 5 of 5 chromosomes, 5 one 5 set 5 from 5 the 5 mother 5 and 5 the 5 other 5 from 5 the 5 father Haploid 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔having 5 one 5 set 5 of 5 chromosomes 5 (n) 5 a 5 cell 5 or 5 an 5 individual 5 organism 5 with 5 one 5 set 5 of 5 chromosomes Flower 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔in 5 angiosperms, 5 the 5 part 5 of 5 a 5 plant 5 that 5 contains 5 reproductive 5 structures 5 typically 5 includes 5 a 5 calyx, 5 corolla, 5 and 5 one 5 more 5 stamens 5 and 5 or 5 carpels Fruit 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔in 5 flowering 5 plants 5 (angiosperm), 5 a 5 mature 5 ripened 5 plant 5 ovary, 5 along 5 with 5 the 5 seeds 5 it 5 contains 5 and 5 any 5 adjacent 5 fused 5 parts, 5 often 5 functions 5 in 5 seed 5 dispersal Seed 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔a 5 plant 5 reproductive 5 structure 5 consisting 5 of 5 an 5 embryo, 5 associated 5 nutritive 5 tissue 5 and 5 an 5 outer 5 protective 5 layer. 5 in 5 angiosperms 5 develops 5 from 5 the 5 fertilized 5 ovule 5 of 5 a 5 flower

Ovary 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 egg 5 producing 5 organ 5 of 5 a 5 female 5 animal, 5 or 5 the 5 fruit 5 and 5 seed 5 producing 5 structure 5 in 5 the 5 female 5 part 5 of 5 a 5 flower Style 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 slender 5 stalk 5 of 5 a 5 flower 5 carpel 5 connecting 5 the 5 stigma 5 to 5 the 5 ovary Stimga 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 sticky 5 tip 5 at 5 the 5 end 5 of 5 flower 5 carpel 5 to 5 which 5 pollen 5 grains 5 adhere Carpel 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 female 5 reproductive 5 organ 5 in 5 a 5 flower, 5 consists 5 of 5 the 5 stigma 5 to 5 which 5 pollen 5 grains 5 adhere; 5 the 5 style, 5 through 5 which 5 the 5 pollen 5 tube 5 grows; 5 and 5 the 5 ovary, 5 which 5 houses 5 the 5 ovule Ovule 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔in 5 flowering 5 plants, 5 the 5 structure 5 inside 5 an 5 ovary 5 that 5 contains 5 the 5 female 5 gametophyte 5 and 5 eventually 5 becomes 5 a 5 seed Megasporcyte 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔A 5 diploid 5 cell 5 that 5 undergoes 5 meiosis 5 to 5 produce 5 megaspores 5 as 5 part 5 of 5 megasporogenesis Megaspore 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔in 5 seed 5 plants, 5 a 5 haploid 5 spore 5 that 5 is 5 produced 5 in 5 megasporangium 5 by 5 meiosis 5 of 5 a 5 diploid 5 megasporocyte; 5 develops 5 into 5 a 5 female 5 gametophyte Embryo 5 Sac 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 female 5 gametophyte 5 in 5 flowering 5 plants