Study Guide – Exam 4
Chapter 14 Darwin and Evolution
14.1 Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
1. Summarize how nineteenth-century scientists contributed to the study of evolutionary change.
2. Explain how Darwin’s study of fossils and biogeography contributed to the development of
the theory of natural selection.
3. Describe the steps in the theory of natural selection.
4. Distinguish between natural and artificial selection.
5. Define fitness.
14.2 Evidence of Evolutionary Change
1. Explain how the fossil record, biogeographical evidence, comparative anatomy, and
biochemistry support evolutionary theory.
Chapter 17 The Microorganisms: Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists
17.1 The Viruses
1. Describe the structure of a virus.
2. Explain the basis of viral host specificity.
3. Describe the process of viral reproduction in bacteria and animals.
17.2 Viroids and Prions
1. Distinguish between a viroid and a prion.
17.3 The Prokaryotes
1. Describe the structure and reproductive process of a prokaryotic cell.
2. Explain how bacteria benefit humans and society.
3. List and describe the ways bacteria acquire nutrients and energy.
4. List and describe the bacterial relationships.
5. List and describe the three main categories of Archaea.
17.4 The Protists
1. Summarize the general characteristics of all protists.
