Download BIOL 5333 : Advanced Pathophysiology - TWU | All quizzes Answered Correctly. and more Study Guides, Projects, Research Pathophysiology in PDF only on Docsity!
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The membrane potential is closer to the equilibrium potential of sodium than the equilibrium potential of potassium. True False Calculate EK of membrane with Ko = 14 mM and Ki = 22 mM (Hint: Remember to calculate the log before multiplying with - 61) EK = - 61 log( Ki/Ko) EK =
- 96 mV +96 mV
- 12 mV +12 mV The type of potassium ion channels that do not need a change of membrane potential to allow the passive diffusion of potassium is called. Potassium leak channels
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Sodium-potassium pumps Voltage-gated sodium channels Sodium leak channels Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that effects the nervous system Central The refractory period is during the time. potassium channels are active potassium channels are inactive sodium channels are inactive sodium channels are active Repolarization of the membrane during an action potential is caused by. Choose all that apply. opening of voltage-gated sodium channels
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Ca2+ Cl- K+ Na+ Saltatory conduction occurs only in myelinated axons. True False
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Calculate EK of membrane with Ko = 10 mM and Ki = 100 mM EK = +61 log( Ki/Ko) EK =
- 61 mV 0 mV 100 mV Active transport occurs a concentration gradient and requires. Down/ carrier protein Against/ energy Against/ channel protein Down/ energy Glucose is transported by the energy from the transport of another molecule such as sodium moving down its concentration gradient. This process is known as.
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Decrease
Increase
No change
Decrease and then increase
Red blood cells, which have a cytoplasmic salt concentration of 0.9%, are placed in a 1.8 % salt solution. These cells will. shrink swell undergo no change swell and burst Cardiac glycosides function by. Choose all that apply. blocking sodium-potassium pump reducing sodium concentration gradient increasing internal sodium ion concentration
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increasing internal calcium ion concentration Hypernatremia can be caused by. Choose all that apply. excessive sweating excess ADH secretion diabetes insipidus water retention Molecular gradients across the cell membrane of the cell show that there is: More Na+ inside compared to outside More K+ inside than outside More Cl- inside that outside More proteins ouside than inside Valinomycin is an antibiotic that functions as a.
Question 1 0.5 / 0.5 pts At the end of ventricular isovolumic relaxation, which of the following occurs? Atrioventricular valves close Aortic valve opens Atrioventricular valves open Aortic valve closes Pulmonary valve opens Question 2 0.5 / 0.5 pts The v-wave in the atrial pressure curve is due to. atrial contraction ventricular contranction flow of blood into atria flow of blood into ventricles Question 3 1 / 1 pts Atrial systole accounts for 35 % of ventricular filling. True False Question 4 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is correct regarding sympathetic stimulation of the heart? Releases acetylcholine at the sympathetic endings Decreases sinus nodal discharge rate Decreases excitability of the heart
Releases norepinephrine at the sympathetic endings Question 5 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is correct regarding parasympathetic stimulation of the heart? Releases norepinephrine at vagal nerve endings Increases sinus nodal discharge rate Increases excitability of the heart Causes hyperpolarization due to increased K+ permeability Question 6 1 / 1 pts When recording lead III on an electrocardiogram, where is the negative electrode placed? Left arm Left leg Right leg Right arm Question 7 1 / 1 pts A 50 - year-old man has been having fainting “spells” for about 2 weeks. During the fainting episodes, his electrocardiogram shows a ventricular beat of 25 per minute and 100 P waves per minute. After about 30 seconds of fainting, a normal sinus rhythm reoccurs. What is his likely diagnosis? Atrial flutter Tachycardia Stokes-Adams syndrome Left atrium hypertrophy Question 8
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In the fifth month (middle trimester), fetus hematopoiesis is most active in which of the following? Yolk sac
Spleen
Liver
Bone marrow
Which of the following is true regarding erythropoietin? Erythropoietin is mainly secreted by the liver Injection of erythropoietin leads to a rapid increase in the number of circulating red blood cells within the next 48 hours Excessive exposure to x-rays with destruction of the bone marrow leads to an increased erythropoietin secretion due to loss of new blood cell production and therefore reduced oxygen in plasma. Erythropoietin also acts on the spleen by decreasing red blood cell destruction A 65-year-old with persistent diarrhea is found to be severely underweight and to have a hematocrit of 26% with mean corpuscular volume of 110 fl. Her peripheral blood smear shows oversized red blood cells with bizarre shapes. What is the most likely cause of her anemia?
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Absence of erythropoietin because of poor nutrition Gastrointestinal cancer Aplastic anemia A hereditary disease that is characterized by polymerization of the hemoglobin molecules during hypoxic conditions leading to crystal formation is caused by. megaloblastic anemia pernicious anemia sickle cells spherocytic cells microcytic cells Hyperacute rejection is most likely to occur in the setting of which of the following? Isograft Deficiency of folate, and potentially also vitamin B 12
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Macrophages Myelocytes Which phagocytic cell type leaves the bloodstream soon after an inflammatory response is initiated and accumulates in large numbers at sites of infection? Neutrophil Basophil Eosinophil B lymphocyte A patient's stool specimen is positive for parasitic eggs. Which type of white blood cells would be elevated? Eosinophils
Neutrophils T lymphocytes Monocytes
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Primary motor cortex Premotor area Broca’s area Cerebellum Damage to the hippocampus may result in which of the following? Inability to form new memories (i.e., anterograde amnesia) Deficit in the sense of smell Inability to recall past memories (i.e., retrograde amnesia) Dysdiadochokinesia Long-term memory differs from other types of memory in which of the following ways? It is not destroyed by temporary cessation of consciousness It can last for months or years It requires a period of consolidation All of the above
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Use the figure above to answer the following question. Which brain area is associated with elaboration of thought? A C D E In an otherwise normal individual, dysfunction of which brain area will lead to behavior that is not appropriate for a given social occasion? Ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus Amygdala Corpus callosum
