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BIOL 320 Exam 1 2025 (Actual Exam) | Complete
Questions and Correct Answers | Graded A+ |
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When someone touches a hot hot surface, which system causes him to move his hand? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------nervous system What are the 3 types of controlled hormonal release? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--- --------------humoral hormonal neural The capillary, calcium, parathyroid gland, PTH, and the secretion of parathyroid hormone is what type of hormonal release? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
- humoral The preganglionic fiber, CNC, medulla, capillary, and the secretion of catecholamines is what type of hormonal release? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------- ----------neural
The fight or stress, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal cortex, gonad, stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones is what type of hormonal release? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------hormonal ____ are any class of aromatic amines that includes a number of neurotransmitters such as epinephrine and dopamine ---------CORRECT ANSWER--- --------------catecholamine How is the secretion rate controlled for most hormones? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------negative feedback Adrenaline goes back to pituitary gland to signal the adrenal gland to stop production of adrenaline Positive or negative feedback? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------negative The anterior pituitary gland secretes a tropic hormone that travels to the target endocrine gland. This hormone secreted by target endocrine gland stops production of tropic hormone from anterior pituitary and hypothalamus Positive or negative feedback? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------negative
Hormones are ____ messenger systems ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- primary Some hormones receptors linked to stimulatory G proteins, ____ cAMP, turn __ response ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------activate on Other hormone receptors lined to inhibitory G proteins, ___ cAMP, turn __ response ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------reduce off What hormones function through activation of phospholipase C? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------oxytocin antidiuretic hormone epinephrine ___ protein activates phospholipase C enzyme ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------- ----G
pituitary gland is a ____ gland that secretes hormones directly into the _____. ---- -----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------ductless bloodstream Why is the pituitary gland called the master gland? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------- ----------its hormones regulate other important endocrine glands Where is the pituitary gland located? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- underside of the brain What controls the pituitary gland? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- hypothalamus How many lobes are these in humans? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------2: anterior and posterior ____ lobe contains abundant hormone secreting epithelial cells ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------anterior
What is the origin of hypothalamus? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------made from nervous tissue that came from ectoderm What is the origin of anterior lobe? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------derived from oral ectoderm What is the origin of posterior lobe? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- derives from the neural ectoderm Can the anterior or posterior produce their own hormones? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------anterior: yes posterior: no ADH is produced by ____ ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------hypothalmus How does the hypothalamus communicate with the different lobes of the pituitary gland? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------a stalk of blood vessels via hormones
oxytocin is produced by ___ ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------hypothalamus If a person has a defect that causes a shortage of ADH, what happens to urine production? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------increase in urine If a person has a defect that causes an increase of ADH, what happens to urine production? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------decrease in urine What inhibits/ reduces the production of ADH? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------ -----coffee alcohol ____ insipidus is caused by a lack of ADH ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- diabetes ADH functions to prevent ____ ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------dehydration ____ hormone stimulates thyroid to produces TSH ---------CORRECT ANSWER------- ----------thyrotropin releasing (TRH)
glucose fatty Endocrine system is an ____ and a ____. ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- enzyme hormone ____ chemical secreted into blood, travels some distance to target tissues, to regulate near/far organ functions ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Endocrine Endocrine vs Exocrine ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------endo:
- slower
- secrete hormone
- no ducts exo:
- faster
- enzymes
- retain ducts
____ is secreted by testes, locally affects _____ and body wide triggers ______ activity as muscle mass, puberty ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- testosterone spermatogenesis anabolic What are the major endocrine glands? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- parathyroid pituitary pineal thyroid adrenal What organs contain endocrine cells? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------skin hypothalamus thymus heart liver stomach pancreas small intestine kidney gonads
____ glands do not utilize ducts to transport hormones to the target cells, organs, etc. ____ depends solely on ducts for the transportations of its secretions to the target cells or organs ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------endocrine exocrine _____ glands transportation of the hormones is SLOWER. ____ glands transportation of secretions are FASTER. ---------CORRECT ANSWER---- -------------endocrine exocrine _____ glands secrete hormones. ___ glands secrete enzymes. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------endocrine exocrine ____ glands have slow response on the target's site.
___ glands have comparatively faster response on the target sites. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------endocrine exocrine What are examples of endocrine glands? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- thyroid gland liver pituitary gland thalamus gland What are examples of exocrine glands? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- salivary glands pancreas liver sebaceous What is the function of simple squamous epithelia? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------ -----------allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important; secretes lubricating substances in serosae
What is the function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------secretion, particularly of mucus, propulsion of mucus by ciliary action Where is pseudostratified columnar epithelium found? ---------CORRECT ANSWER- ----------------in the trachea and upper respiratory tract What is they function of stratified squamous epithelium? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------protects underlying areas subjected to abrasion Where is stratified squamous epithelium found? ---------CORRECT ANSWER---------- -------moist linings of esophagus, mouth, vagina, epidermis of skin What is the function of transition epithelium? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------- ----stretch and permits distension of urinary organs Where is transition epithelium found? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------lines ureters, bladder and part of the urethra
What is autocrine communication? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- secreted by cells that tend to work in local areas What is an example of autocrine communication? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------- ---------sweat What is paracrine communication? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------goes out of cell into interstitial, local affecting chemical What is an example of paracrine communication? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------- ---------histamine What is neurotransmitter communication? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- produced by neurons, go across synaptic cleft and receptor on neuron or muscles What are examples of neurotransmitter communication? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------acetylcholine epinephrine
In hormone signaling, a small concentration of a hormone is a ____ signal and produces a ___ response whereas a larger concentration is a ___ signal and results in a ___ response. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------weak small strong greater What is are examples of hormone signalling? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- --adrenaline rush angy/fight What is an example of nerve signaling? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------a finger on a hot surface In nerve signaling, the strength of the signal depends on what? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------the frequency In nerve signaling a low frequency of action potentials is a ___ stimulus and a higher frequency is a ____ stimulus. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------weak stronger
____ hormone regulation is the maintenance of relatively constant concentration of hormone. always consistent ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------chronic An example of chronic hormone regulation is? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------- ----thyroid hormone _____ hormone regulation is when their is an increase or decrease of that hormone depending on our need ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------acute An example of acute hormone regulation is? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- --epinephrine/ adrenaline during stress or fight _____ hormone regulation is an increase in hormone at a certain time every time ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------cyclic an example of cyclic hormone regulation would be? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------ -----------female menstrual cycle
