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An overview of meiosis, the process of sexual reproduction, and the resulting variability in genetic material. Topics covered include the differences between meiosis i and meiosis ii, the role of homologous chromosomes, and the formation of gametes and zygotes. Key concepts include the segregation of chromosomes, the formation of chiasmata, and the difference between diploid and haploid cells.
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Sexual reproduction-for the production of gametes (1n) and thefacilitationof the fusion of gametes to make a zygote (2n) Meiosis-reductional cell division (2n --> n) TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 MI-segregation of homologous chromosomes-reductional division MII-segregation of sister chromatid-non-reductional division TERM 3
DEFINITION 3 PI:Same as in mitosis except homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments MIHomologous chromosomes line up on metaphase plate; tertrads line up AIHomologous chromo. split into chromatid and moved to opposite poles TISame as mitosis and then cytokinesis into two cells TERM 4
DEFINITION 4 Same as mitosis TERM 5
DEFINITION 5 False - can happen both in meiosis I and II
TERM 7
DEFINITION 7 Non-disjunction at Meiosis II of chromosome 21. TERM 8
DEFINITION 8 2^n where n = haploid chromosome numberex. humans = 2^ TERM 9
DEFINITION 9 NO! Chromosomes are segregating at this stage. Centromere separation only occurs at anaphase II. TERM 10
DEFINITION 10 A chiasmata is an overlapping region in homologous chromosomes were sectional exchanges occur. They form when homologous chromosomes synapse.
Method of reproduction in which an organism produces an exact copy of itself.-all prokaryotes, some eukaryotes (yeast) TERM 17
DEFINITION 17 Enviroment ex. temperature can influence sexChromosomal ex. XX vs XY in humans