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Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction: Preserving Variability through Cell Division, Quizzes of Molecular biology

An overview of meiosis, the process of sexual reproduction, and the resulting variability in genetic material. Topics covered include the differences between meiosis i and meiosis ii, the role of homologous chromosomes, and the formation of gametes and zygotes. Key concepts include the segregation of chromosomes, the formation of chiasmata, and the difference between diploid and haploid cells.

Typology: Quizzes

2010/2011

Uploaded on 10/10/2011

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TERM 1
How do we preserve information while
keeping it variable at the same time?
DEFINITION 1
Sexual reproduction-for the production of gametes (1n) and
thefacilitationof the fusion of gametes to make a zygote (2n)
Meiosis-reductional cell division (2n --> n)
TERM 2
Very briefly, the fundamental differences
between Meiosis I and Meiosis II
DEFINITION 2
MI-segregation of homologous chromosomes-reductional
division
MII-segregation of sister chromatid-non-reductional division
TERM 3
Meiosis I (1 cell --> 2 cells) (2n --> n)
DEFINITION 3
PI:Same as in mitosis except homologous chromosomes
pair up and exchange segments
MIHomologous chromosomes line up on metaphase plate;
tertrads line up
AIHomologous chromo. split into chromatid and moved to
opposite poles
TISame as mitosis and then cytokinesis into two cells
TERM 4
Meiosis II (2 cells --> 4 cells) (n -->
n)
DEFINITION 4
Same as mitosis
TERM 5
T/F: Nondisjunction can occur ONLY in Meiosis
II
DEFINITION 5
False - can happen both in meiosis I and II
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How do we preserve information while

keeping it variable at the same time?

Sexual reproduction-for the production of gametes (1n) and thefacilitationof the fusion of gametes to make a zygote (2n) Meiosis-reductional cell division (2n --> n) TERM 2

Very briefly, the fundamental differences

between Meiosis I and Meiosis II

DEFINITION 2 MI-segregation of homologous chromosomes-reductional division MII-segregation of sister chromatid-non-reductional division TERM 3

Meiosis I (1 cell --> 2 cells) (2n --> n)

DEFINITION 3 PI:Same as in mitosis except homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments MIHomologous chromosomes line up on metaphase plate; tertrads line up AIHomologous chromo. split into chromatid and moved to opposite poles TISame as mitosis and then cytokinesis into two cells TERM 4

Meiosis II (2 cells --> 4 cells) (n -->

n)

DEFINITION 4 Same as mitosis TERM 5

T/F: Nondisjunction can occur ONLY in Meiosis

II

DEFINITION 5 False - can happen both in meiosis I and II

Application Q: How many alleles can trisomy

21 have?

TERM 7

How does trisomy-21 occur?

DEFINITION 7 Non-disjunction at Meiosis II of chromosome 21. TERM 8

What is the number of possible new

combinations of chromosomes for a species?

DEFINITION 8 2^n where n = haploid chromosome numberex. humans = 2^ TERM 9

During anaphase I is there a separation of

centromeres?

DEFINITION 9 NO! Chromosomes are segregating at this stage. Centromere separation only occurs at anaphase II. TERM 10

What is chiasmata? How do they

form?

DEFINITION 10 A chiasmata is an overlapping region in homologous chromosomes were sectional exchanges occur. They form when homologous chromosomes synapse.

What is asexual reproduction? Where is it

found?

Method of reproduction in which an organism produces an exact copy of itself.-all prokaryotes, some eukaryotes (yeast) TERM 17

Sex Determination - sex can be determined

from two factors. What are they?

DEFINITION 17 Enviroment ex. temperature can influence sexChromosomal ex. XX vs XY in humans