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BIOL |/ 1134 |/EXAM |/ 3 |/questions |/with |/answers
Plants |/evolved |/from |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔freshwater |/green |/algae. The |/green |/algae |/split |/into |/two |/major |/groups: |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔- |/the |/chlorophytes |/(which |/never |/made |/it |/to |/land)
- |/the |/charophytes |/(sister |/to |/all |/land |/plants) Streptophytes |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔charophytes |/and |/land |/plants Cuticle |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔a |/waxy |/or |/fatty, |/noncellular |/layer |/(formed |/of |/a |/substance |/called |/cutin) |/on |/the |/outer |/wall |/of |/epidermal |/cells. Stomata |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔In |/plants, |/a |/minute |/opening |/bordered |/by |/guard |/cells |/in |/the |/epidermis |/of |/leaves |/and |/stems; |/water |/passes |/out |/of |/a |/plant |/mainly |/through |/the |/stomata. Sporophyte |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔The |/spore-producing, |/diploid |/(2n) |/phase |/in |/the |/life |/cycle |/of |/a |/plant |/having |/alternation |/of |/generations.
Gametophyte |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔in |/plants, |/the |/haploid |/(n), |/gamete-producing |/generation, |/which |/alternates |/with |/the |/diploid |/(2n) |/sporophyte. What |/distinguishes |/gamete |/formation |/in |/plants |/from |/gamete |/formation |/in |/humans? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Gametes |/in |/plants |/are |/produced |/by |/mitosis. |/Human |/gametes |/are |/produced |/directly |/by |/meiosis. Bryophytes |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔A |/moss, |/liverwort, |/or |/hornwort; |/a |/nonvascular |/plant |/that |/inhabits |/the |/land |/but |/lacks |/many |/of |/the |/terrestrial |/adaptations |/of |/vascular |/plants. Liverworts |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔a |/nonvascular |/plant |/that's |/shaped |/like |/a |/human |/liver. |/found |/growing |/as |/a |/thick |/crust |/on |/moist |/rocks |/or |/soil |/along |/the |/sides |/of |/a |/stream. archegonium |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔the |/multicellular |/egg- producing |/organ |/in |/bryophytes |/and |/some |/vascular |/plants. antheridium |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔a |/sperm-producing |/organ. hornwort |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔a |/member |/of |/the |/phylum |/Anthocerophyta, |/a |/unique |/group |/of |/bryophytes |/that |/grow |/close |/to
lycophylls |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔tiny |/leaves |/on |/lycophytes |/with |/a |/single |/unbranched |/vein Why |/would |/vascular |/tissue |/be |/prevalent |/in |/the |/sporophyte, |/but |/not |/the |/gametophyte |/generation? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔The |/sporophyte |/generation |/has |/evolved |/to |/be |/the |/larger |/generation; |/therefore, |/an |/effective |/means |/of |/transporting |/water |/and |/nutrients |/over |/greater |/distances |/would |/be |/advantageous. Lycophytes |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔club |/mosses What |/events |/might |/have |/contributed |/to |/the |/extinction |/of |/large |/club |/mosses |/ 270 |/mya? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔There |/was |/substantial |/climate |/change |/during |/that |/time |/period. |/Glaciers |/had |/spread, |/then |/melted |/and |/retreated. |/Drier |/climates |/could |/have |/contributed |/to |/the |/extinction |/of |/large |/club |/mosses. ferns |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔most |/abundant |/group |/of |/seedless |/vascular |/plants fronds |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔fern |/leaves
sori |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔fern |/structures |/in |/which |/spores |/are |/produced What |/are |/the |/seedless |/vascular |/plants? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔lycophytes |/and |/pterophytes What |/are |/the |/vascular |/seed |/plants? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔gymnosperms |/(coniferophyta, |/cycadophyta, |/gnetophyta, |/ginkgophyta) |/and |/angiosperms |/(anthophyta) What |/would |/be |/the |/advantage |/of |/silica |/deposits |/in |/stems, |/as |/are |/found |/in |/horsetails? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔The |/silica |/can |/increase |/the |/strength |/of |/the |/hollow-tube |/stems |/and |/would |/deter |/herbivores. progymnosperms |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔extinct |/seedless |/vascular |/plants |/that |/may |/be |/ancestral |/to |/seed |/plants integument |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔an |/extra |/layer |/or |/two |/of |/sporophyte |/tissue |/that |/protects |/the |/embryo ovule |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔A |/structure |/that |/develops |/within |/the |/ovary |/of |/a |/seed |/plant |/and |/contains |/the |/female |/gametophyte.
micropyle |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔in |/the |/ovules |/of |/seed |/plants, |/an |/opening |/in |/the |/integument |/through |/which |/the |/pollen |/tube |/usually |/enters. Cycads |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Gymnosperms |/that |/grow |/in |/tropical |/or |/subtropical |/areas; |/look |/like |/palm |/trees |/with |/cones vessel |/element |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔in |/vascular |/plants, |/a |/typically |/elongated |/cell, |/dead |/at |/maturity, |/which |/conducts |/water |/and |/solutes |/in |/the |/xylem. dioecious |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔The |/male |/and |/the |/female |/reproductive |/structures |/are |/produced |/on |/separate |/trees. What |/adaptation |/do |/conifers |/exhibit |/to |/capture |/wind-borne |/pollen? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔The |/ovule |/is |/exposed |/to |/air |/on |/the |/scale |/(a |/modified |/leaf). Angiosperms |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔A |/flowering |/plant |/which |/forms |/seeds |/inside |/a |/protective |/chamber |/called |/an |/ovary.
carpel |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔The |/ovule-producing |/reproductive |/organ |/of |/a |/flower, |/consisting |/of |/the |/stigma, |/style, |/and |/ovary; |/leaflike |/organ |/that |/encloses |/one |/or |/more |/ovules. primordium |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔In |/plants, |/a |/bulge |/on |/the |/young |/shoot |/produced |/by |/the |/apical |/meristem; |/primordia |/can |/differentiate |/into |/leaves, |/other |/shoots, |/or |/flowers Pedicel |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔stalk |/that |/supports |/the |/flower receptacle |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔The |/base |/of |/a |/flower; |/the |/part |/of |/the |/stem |/that |/is |/the |/site |/of |/attachment |/of |/the |/floral |/organs. Whorls |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔circles |/of |/flower |/parts; |/in |/order, |/outermost |/first: -sepals -petals -stamens |/(androecium) -carpels |/(gynoecium) Sepals |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Leaflike |/parts |/that |/cover |/and |/protect |/the |/flower |/bud; |/a |/member |/of |/the |/outermost |/floral |/whorl |/of |/a |/flowering |/plant.
fruit |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔A |/mature |/ovary |/of |/a |/flower |/that |/protects |/dormant |/seeds |/and |/aids |/in |/their |/dispersal. Nectaries |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔nectar-secreting |/glands |/of |/flowers The |/angiosperm |/life |/cycle |/includes |/_______ |/fertilization. |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔double life |/cycle |/of |/a |/typical |/angiosperm |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔- |/single |/megaspore |/mother |/cell |/in |/ovule |/undergoes |/MEIOSIS |/-> |/produces |/ 4 |/megaspores |/ -in |/most |/flowering |/plants, |/ 3 |/of |/the |/megaspores |/disappear; |/the |/remaining |/divides |/MITOTICALLY |/and |/the |/cell |/expands |/until |/it |/becomes |/many |/times |/its |/original |/size. While |/the |/expansion |/of |/the |/megaspore |/is |/occurring, |/each |/of |/the |/daughter |/nuclei |/divides |/______, |/resulting |/in |/______ |/haploid |/nuclei |/arranged |/in |/two |/groups |/of |/________. |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔twice, |/eight, |/four seed |/coat |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔A |/tough |/outer |/covering |/of |/a |/seed, |/formed |/from |/the |/outer |/coat |/of |/an |/ovule.
micropyle |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔A |/pore |/in |/the |/integuments |/of |/an |/ovule embryo |/sac |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔the |/female |/gametophyte |/in |/land |/plants; |/the |/large |/sac |/with |/eight |/nuclei |/in |/seven |/cells |/-- |/MULTICELLULAR |/HAPLOID |/INDIVIDUAL apertures |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔areas |/in |/the |/pollen |/grain |/through |/which |/a |/pollen |/tube |/may |/later |/emerge. Pollination |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔transfer |/of |/pollen |/from |/its |/source |/(anther) |/to |/a |/receptive |/area |/(the |/stigma |/of |/a |/flowering |/plant). generative |/cell |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔in |/a |/pollen |/grain, |/the |/cell |/that |/divides |/mitotically |/and |/forms |/two |/sperm |/cells double |/fertilization |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔The |/fusion |/of |/the |/egg |/and |/sperm |/(resulting |/in |/a |/2n |/fertilized |/egg, |/the |/zygote) |/and |/the |/simultaneous |/fusion |/of |/the |/second |/male |/gamete |/with |/the |/polar |/nuclei |/(resulting |/in |/a |/primary |/endosperm |/nucleus, |/which |/is |/often |/triploid, |/3n); |/a |/unique |/characteristic |/of |/all |/angiosperms. What |/advantage |/does |/an |/angiosperm |/gain |/by |/producing |/a |/fruit |/eaten |/by |/animals? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Increased |/dispersal.
- |/sexual |/reproduction embryonic |/development
- |/tissues radial |/symmetry |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Symmetry |/about |/a |/central |/axis; |/exhibited |/by |/members |/of |/the |/phylum |/Cnidaria |/(jellyfish, |/sea |/anemones, |/and |/corals). bilateral |/symmetry |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔arrangement |/of |/body |/parts |/so |/there |/are |/distinct |/left |/and |/right |/halves |/that |/mirror |/each |/other; |/the |/bodies |/of |/most |/animals |/other |/than |/sponges |/and |/cnidarians |/exhibit |/this. asymmetry |/is |/exhibited |/by |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔a |/typical |/sponge. Cephalization |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔the |/concentration |/of |/nerve |/tissue |/and |/sensory |/organs |/at |/the |/anterior |/end |/of |/an |/organism; |/thought |/to |/be |/a |/consequence |/of |/bilateral |/symmetry. pseudocoelom |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔body |/cavity |/between |/the |/endoderm |/and |/mesoderm |/tissues |/that |/is |/partially |/lined |/with |/mesoderm |/tissue
Three |/body |/plans |/for |/bilaterally |/symmetrical |/animals |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔- |/acoelmate
- |/pseudocoelomate
- |/coelomate coelom |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔a |/fluid-filled |/body |/cavity |/that |/develops |/entirely |/within |/the |/mesoderm circulatory |/system |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔a |/network |/of |/vessels |/in |/coelomate |/animals |/that |/carry |/fluids |/to |/and |/from |/the |/parts |/of |/the |/body |/distant |/from |/the |/sites |/of |/digestion |/(gut) |/and |/gas |/exchange |/(gills |/or |/lungs). open |/circulatory |/system |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔A |/circulatory |/system |/in |/which |/blood |/flows |/into |/sinuses |/in |/which |/it |/mixes |/with |/body |/fluid |/and |/then |/reenters |/the |/vessels |/in |/another |/location. closed |/circulatory |/system |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔A |/circulatory |/system |/in |/which |/the |/oxygen-carrying |/blood |/cells |/never |/leave |/the |/blood |/vessels archenteron |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔The |/endoderm-lined |/cavity, |/formed |/during |/gastrulation, |/that |/develops |/into |/the |/digestive |/tract |/of |/an |/animal.
indeterminate |/development |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔A |/type |/of |/development |/in |/animals |/in |/which |/the |/first |/few |/embryonic |/cells |/are |/identical |/daughter |/cells, |/any |/one |/of |/which |/could |/develop |/separately |/into |/a |/complete |/organism; |/their |/fate |/is |/indeterminate. Lophotrochozoans |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔group |/of |/invertebrate |/animals |/that |/grow |/by |/gradual |/addition |/of |/mass |/to |/the |/body, |/many |/of |/which |/exhibit |/spiral |/cleavage. |/ EX. |/mollusks, |/annelids, |/and |/flatworms Ecdysozoans |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔shed |/their |/exoskeletons |/through |/a |/process |/called |/ecdysis Choanocytes |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔a |/specialized |/flagellated |/cell |/found |/in |/sponges; |/choanocytes |/line |/the |/body |/interior. mesohyl |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔A |/gelatinous, |/protein-rich |/matrix |/found |/between |/the |/choanocyte |/layer |/and |/the |/epithelial |/layer |/of |/the |/body |/of |/a |/sponge; |/various |/types |/of |/amoeboid |/cells |/may |/occur |/in |/the |/mesohyl nematocyst |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔In |/cnidarians, |/a |/harpoon |/like |/structure |/found |/in |/their |/cnidocytes, |/which |/stings |/and |/helps |/capture |/prey |/when |/released
flame |/cells |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔In |/flatworms, |/specialized |/cells |/that |/remove |/excess |/water |/from |/the |/body. Mantle |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔the |/soft, |/outermost |/layer |/of |/the |/body |/wall |/in |/mollusks. nephridia |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔excretory |/organs |/that |/filter |/fluid |/in |/the |/coelom Radula |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔a |/rasping, |/tonguelike |/organ |/that |/is |/covered |/with |/chitinous |/teeth |/and |/that |/is |/used |/for |/feeding |/by |/many |/mollusks Why |/might |/a |/radula |/be |/unnecessary |/in |/a |/bivalve? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Bivalves |/filter-feed |/by |/drawing |/water |/into |/their |/shell, |/so |/they |/would |/have |/no |/need |/for |/a |/radula |/that |/involves |/scraping |/the |/substrate |/for |/food. Bryozoans |/live |/attached |/to |/a |/surface. |/Why |/do |/we |/consider |/them |/animals |/and |/not |/plants? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Bryozoans |/possess |/the |/general |/characteristics |/of |/animals, |/and |/not |/of |/plants. |/Many |/animals |/do |/not |/move |/from |/place |/to |/place |/(are |/sessile). Nematodes |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔roundworms
ampulla |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔in |/echinoderms, |/the |/muscular |/sac |/that |/contracts |/to |/force |/water |/into |/the |/tube |/foot, |/allowing |/it |/to |/extend all |/vertebrates |/are |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Chordates 4 |/features |/of |/chordates |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔1. |/Nerve |/cord
- |/Notochord
- |/Pharyngeal |/slits
- |/Postanal |/tail What |/distinguishes |/a |/chordate |/from |/an |/echinoderm? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔chordates |/have |/a |/truly |/internal |/endoskeleton vertebrates |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔a |/chordate |/with |/a |/spinal |/column Vertebrates |/differ |/from |/the |/tunicates |/and |/lancelets |/in |/several |/important |/respects: |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔- |/vertebral |/column
- |/head
- |/neural |/crest
- |/internal |/organs
- |/endoskeleton Fishes |/exhibit |/five |/key |/characteristics |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔1. |/vertebral |/column
- |/jaws |/and |/paired |/appendages
- |/internal |/gills
- |/single-loop |/blood |/circulation
- |/nutritional |/deficiencies The |/first |/fishes |/lacked |/________. |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔jaws lateral |/line |/system |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔a |/sensory |/system |/in |/fish, |/in |/which |/mechanoreceptors |/in |/a |/line |/down |/the |/side |/of |/the |/fish |/are |/sensitive |/to |/motion. swim |/bladder |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔An |/internal |/gas-filled |/organ |/that |/helps |/a |/bony |/fish |/stabilize |/its |/body |/at |/different |/water |/depths. operculum |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔A |/flat, |/bony, |/external |/protective |/covering |/over |/the |/gill |/chamber |/in |/fish. What |/advantages |/do |/lobed |/fins |/have |/over |/ray |/fins? |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Lobe-finned |/fish |/are |/able |/to |/move |/their |/fins
