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A portion of an exam from a college-level anatomy and physiology 2 course, focusing on the kidneys, nephrons, and the urinary system. It includes multiple-choice questions and answers, covering topics such as the structure and function of the kidneys, the filtration process, and the urinary system's regulation.
Typology: Exams
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Correct! (^) False True True/False: The kidneys are long, thin muscular tubes. 3 / 3 pts
Yes, the kidneys lie between the T- 12 and L- 3 Your Answer: Yes, I would because the kidneys lies between T12-L3. A person sustained blunt force trauma to the back at the L1 level, with no spinal cord injury. Would you suspect the kidneys to be damaged? Why or why not? 3 / 3 pts
Outside of the renal capsule is a fatty layer that protects the kidney from trauma. Your Answer: The renal adipose capsule is a fatty layer that protects the kidney from trauma Describe the consistency and purpose of the renal adipose capsule. 4 / 4 pts
1.5 / 2.5 pts
Efferent Lobar Correct! (^) Interlobular Arcuate Interlobar Renal These arteries feed the afferent arterioles. 2.5 / 2.5 pts
Correct! Vasa recta Interlobar vein Arcuate artery Interlobular veins Lobar veins Efferent arteriole After filtration occurs, next blood travels into these vessels. 2.5 / 2.5 pts
2.5 / 2.5 pts
4 / 4 pts Discuss two features of the bladder that allow for expansion. Your Answer: The rugae wall in the bladder expands so that the bladder can hold more urine (Any two of the following are acceptable responses) 1 - The muscular wall stretches and thins allowing the bladder to store larger amounts of urine without a significant rise in internal pressure. 2 - Rugae (folds in the bladder wall) also extend to help the capacity of the bladder internally. 3 - Transitional epithelium cells are specialized to enable cellular expansion to absorb fluid. C. In females, the bladder is in between the rectum and the uterus. D. In males, the bladder is above the prostate gland. Correct! (^) E. B&C are false F. A&D are false
2 / 2 pts
The afferent arteriole, which is fed by the interlobular artery, is much larger in diameter than the efferent arteriole. The difference in diameter causes an extremely high blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries. Your Answer: the difference in diameter What causes the extremely high blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries? 4 / 4 pts
Correct! None of the above: micturition cannot be voluntarily controlled Voluntary control over the visceral reflex arc Involuntary control over the external sphincter Voluntary control over the external sphincter Involuntary control over the internal sphincter Voluntary control over the internal sphincter Micturition can be controlled consciously because of: 3 / 3 pts
Correct! (^) Hydrostatic pressure Glomerular filtration rate Net filtration pressure Capsular pressure Colloid osmotic pressure This is the pressure that depends upon a person’s blood pressure from the heart and vessels: 3 / 3 pts
Calculate the net filtration pressure for your patient given the following values. Show your work. (Not all values listed may be used). Capsular pressure= 13 Colloid osmotic pressure = 27 Hydrostatic pressure = 65
During these times the renal autoregulatory system is superseded by higher level nervous system controls. When the nervous system takes over regulation, the afferent arterioles diameter is narrowed by sympathetic nerve fibers. The release of the hormone epinephrine by the adrenal medulla causes a decrease in renal blood flow and decreases the GFR. Constriction of the renal arteries is only to be used for a short time. looking for a little more detail in this answer. Correct! Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II in the liver. Renin causes dilation of the afferent and efferent arterioles. Renin is released by the cells inside the nephron. Angiotensinogen is a pre-enzyme produced by the adrenal glands. It responds when blood pressure becomes too high.
2.5 / 2.5 pts
2.5 / 2.5 pts
u Answered The greatest amount of occurs in the cells of the PCT. Correct! (^) Reabsorption Excretion Secretion Countercurrent flow Osmolarity rrect Answe (^) False True True or False: In the loop of Henle, water can leave the ascending limb but not the descending limb. 0 / 2.5 pts
Which of the following is false concerning ADH? It responds during excessive sweating conditions. 2.5 / 2.5 pts
Sodium is removed from the filtrate while hydrogen is pumped inside the filtrate. Your Answer: Sodium is removed from filtrate and hydrogen is pumped back inside the filtrate Describe the action of aldosterone on the concentrations of sodium and hydrogen in the filtrate. 3 / 3 pts
Alcohol is a type of diuretic that inhibits the release of ADH. Your Answer: Alcohol prevents the release of ADH which then increase the flow of urine Describe the action of alcohol on urinary output. 3 / 3 pts
2 / 2 pts
Which of the following is false concerning cardiovascular
It is monitored by cranial nerves which relay signals to the medulla. Correct! If blood volume rises, they cause constriction of the afferent arterioles. These are mechanoreceptors found inside the aortic arch. They are monitored by the vagus cranial nerve. Correct! (^) Bile pigment Magnesium Ammonia Nitrogenous wastes Urea Which of the following is an abnormal solute in urine? 2 / 2 pts
2 / 2 pts
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5 / 5 pts Hypoventilation is a part of what control mechanism? Explain whathypoventilation accomplishes. Your Answer: It means that blood ph is rising, respiratory rate is slowing down to addCO Respiratory control- If blood pH begins to rise (become more alkaline), the respiratory center is depressed, causing hypoventilation. During hypoventilation, the respiratory rate slows down, allowing more CO2 to accumulate, forming more hydrogen ions. The pH falls (becomes more acidic) and restores correct blood pH. (Optional) this reaction shifts to the right: CO 2 + H 2 O ↔ H 2 CO 3 ↔ H+ + HCO - Correct! (^) includes the bicarbonate, phosphate and protein systems. can remove acids and bases from the body. remove carbon dioxide from the body. all the above are true of the chemical buffer systems
5 / 5 pts
