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Chemical Messengers of the Nervous, Endocrine, and Immune Systems: An Overview, Quizzes of Pharmacology

Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (LECOM)Pharmacology

Definitions and terms related to chemical messengers in the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Topics include neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, endocrine hormones, cytokines, eicosanoids, growth factors, cell-cell signaling models, and receptors. Learn about the functions and interactions of these messengers in various signaling pathways.

Typology: Quizzes

2013/2014

Uploaded on 11/06/2014

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TERM 1
What are the chemical messengers of the
Nervous System
DEFINITION 1
Neurotransmitters (biogenic amines)Neuropeptides (small
amino acids 4-35aa)
TERM 2
What are some of the chemical messengers in
the endocrine system?
DEFINITION 2
polypeptide hormones (insulin)steroid hormonesthyroid
hormonesretinoids
TERM 3
What are chemical messengers of the
immune system?
DEFINITION 3
Cytokines are small proteinsChemokines (induce movement)
TERM 4
What is an example of an eicosanoid?
DEFINITION 4
PGI2 vasodilation
TERM 5
What are examples of Growth
Factors?
DEFINITION 5
PDGF (platelet-dervied)EGF- Epidermal
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff

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Download Chemical Messengers of the Nervous, Endocrine, and Immune Systems: An Overview and more Quizzes Pharmacology in PDF only on Docsity!

What are the chemical messengers of the

Nervous System

Neurotransmitters (biogenic amines)Neuropeptides (small

amino acids 4-35aa)

TERM 2

What are some of the chemical messengers in

the endocrine system?

DEFINITION 2

polypeptide hormones (insulin)steroid hormonesthyroid

hormonesretinoids

TERM 3

What are chemical messengers of the

immune system?

DEFINITION 3

Cytokines are small proteinsChemokines (induce movement)

TERM 4

What is an example of an eicosanoid?

DEFINITION 4

PGI2 vasodilation

TERM 5

What are examples of Growth

Factors?

DEFINITION 5

PDGF (platelet-dervied)EGF- Epidermal

What are the models of cell-cell signaling

EndocrineParacrineAutocrine

TERM 7

What do endocrine signals target? give an

example

DEFINITION 7

Distant targetsEstrogen hormone

TERM 8

What do Paracrine signals target? Give an

example

DEFINITION 8

-Local targets-Nuerotransmitter

TERM 9

Examples of polay molecules that bind

plasma membrane receptors

DEFINITION 9

Peptide hormonescytokinescatecholamines

TERM 10

Are plasma membrane receptors bound by

polar or non-polar molecules?

DEFINITION 10

Polar

List the 3 receptors that are kinases or that

bind kinases

JAK-STATTyrosine KinaseSerine-Threonine Kinase Receptors

TERM 17

What are the 3 second messengers most

commonly found?

DEFINITION 17

cAMPDAGIP

TERM 18

What ligand binds to the tyrosine kinase

receptor?

DEFINITION 18

Growth factor binds and turns the monomers into a

homodimer

TERM 19

After Autophosphorylation of the tyrosine

kinase receptor what triggers a cellular

response?

DEFINITION 19

A signal transducer protein with an SH2 domain

TERM 20

What is the ligand for Jak-STAT receptor?

DEFINITION 20

Cytokine binds and creates a heterodimer

What molecule activates the Signal

Transducer molecule in JAK-STAT?

JAK phosphrylates the signal transducer molecule

TERM 22

What is the Signal tranducer molecule in JAK-

STAT?

DEFINITION 22

STAT is the signal transducer molecule

TERM 23

What is the ligand for Serine-Threonine

Kinase receptor?

DEFINITION 23

A cytokine dimer binds to serine-Threonin kinase receptor

TERM 24

what is the signal transducer protein in

serine-threonine kinase receptor?

DEFINITION 24

SMAD causes a cellular response

TERM 25

What is the first messenger in serpentine

receptors?

DEFINITION 25

- A hormone

What Receptors are RAS and MAP associated

with?

Tyrosine Kinase Receptors

TERM 32

When GRB2 undergoes a conformation

change what does it give rise to?

DEFINITION 32

an SH3 domain

TERM 33

In the RAS MAP kinase pathway, what type of

domain does SOS GEF have?

DEFINITION 33

SH3 domain

TERM 34

What type of domain does DRB2 have?

DEFINITION 34

An SH3 domain

TERM 35

Before undergoing a conformation change via

phosphorylation what type of domain does

GRB2 have?

DEFINITION 35

An SH2 domain

The binding of ____ and ____ lead to the MAP

kinase pathways

RAS and RAF

TERM 37

What does the MAP Kinase pathways lead to?

DEFINITION 37

Upregulation of transcription or down regulation of

transcription

TERM 38

Does signal transduction through tyrosine

Kinase recepters involver a homodimer or a

heterotrimeric G protein?

DEFINITION 38

A homodimer is associated with the lipid membrane

TERM 39

SOS GEF exchanges ____ for ____

DEFINITION 39

SOS GEF exhanges GTP for GDP causing a conformation

change allowing RAS to bind to RAF

TERM 40

Where does autophospohrylation occur at in

the Tyrosine Kinase receptors?

DEFINITION 40

the SH2 domain

Binding of insulin causes autophosphorylation

of ______

Beta Subunits

TERM 47

The phosphorylation of IRS allows for....

DEFINITION 47

-PLC to bind with PIP-GRB2/GAP1 to bind with PIP

TERM 48

What three molecules does PIP have binding

sites for in the insulin receptor pathway?

DEFINITION 48

-GAP1-PI3 Kinase-PLC

TERM 49

In the insulin receptor pathway what is the

precurose to DAG and IP

DEFINITION 49

-PLC

TERM 50

What are

STATs?

DEFINITION 50

Gene specific transcription factors

What is the role of JAK in the JAK-STAT signal

transduction pathway?

JAK phosphorylate eachother and the receptor

TERM 52

In the JAK-STAT receptor what causes STAT to

bind to the receptor?

DEFINITION 52

The first phosphorylation of the receptor

TERM 53

What causes STAT to dissociate from the

receptor?

DEFINITION 53

The second phosphorylation of the Receptor

TERM 54

Where does STAT go once is dissociates from

the Receptor?

DEFINITION 54

heads to the nucleus for transcription to begin

TERM 55

In serine-Threonine Kinase Receptors does

TGF-beta bind to Type I or Type II receptor?

DEFINITION 55

Type 1 receptors

What is the Precursor to cAMP?

ATP

TERM 62

When the alpha subunit of the trimeric G-

protein dissociates from the beta and gamma

it is bound to _____

DEFINITION 62

Alpha subunit is bout to GTP when it dissociates from the

beta and gamma subunits

TERM 63

What causes the alpha subunits to re-

associate with the beta and gamma subunits?

DEFINITION 63

The hydrolysis of GTP into GDP

TERM 64

What is the target membrane protein of the

alpha subunit in G-protein coupled receptors?

DEFINITION 64

adenylcyclase

TERM 65

What are Eicosanoids derived

from?

DEFINITION 65

Arachnoid acid

What do eicosanoids respond to?

They are short-term signaling molcules that respond to injury

TERM 67

What are Class A heptahelical receptors?

DEFINITION 67

Rhodopsin-like

TERM 68

What are Class B receptors?

DEFINITION 68

Secretin Family receptors

TERM 69

What are Class C Receptors?

DEFINITION 69

MAtabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors

TERM 70

What are class D receptors?

DEFINITION 70

Fungal mating pheromone receptors

Inhibition of Acetylcholinersterase is used to

treat?

Myasthenia Gravis

TERM 77

Fuel mobilization is a cause of what disorder?

DEFINITION 77

Anorexia Nervosa

TERM 78

Antobodies attack Acetylcholine receptors in

what disorder?

DEFINITION 78

Myasthenia Gravis

TERM 79

continuous conversion of ATP to cAMP is

related to what illness?

DEFINITION 79

Pertusis

TERM 80

Increased cell proliferation is a result of....

DEFINITION 80

Very low GTPase activity that is permanently active.A mutant

RAS PRotein

What drugs are agonists?

Ephedrine; vasoconstrictionAlbuterol,terbutaline;

bronchoilator

TERM 82

What drugs are antagonists?

DEFINITION 82

Beta Blockers non selective-propranololselective-

atenololLosartan: blocks angrotensin II

receptorantipsychotics: chlorpromazine, haloperidole

TERM 83

What are examples of hydrophobic molecules

that bind intracellular receptors?

DEFINITION 83

Retinoic acidsteroid hormonesThyroid hormones