biochem portage learning module 8 | Exams Nursing

Question 26

(Fill in the blanks) Use the word bank

to complete the sentences:

Word bank: ADP and Pi; ATP; GTP;

oxidative; reductive; citric acid cycle;

electron transport chain; three; eight;

ten.

The (A) produces NADH and

FADH₂, which can then be used to

produce (B).

Oxidative phosphorylation is the

synthesis of (C) from (D), using

energy from the (E).

Answers:

A) Citric acid cycle

B) ATP

C) ATP

D) ADP and Pi

E) Electron transport chain

Question 27

(Short response) According to the

chemiosmotic theory, how is the

ETC connected to ATP

production?

The ETC uses energy from electron

transfer to pump H ions from the ⁺

mitochondrial matrix to the

intermembrane space, creating a

gradient. This gradient drives H ions⁺

back into the matrix through ATP

synthase, causing its rotation, which

generates ATP from ADP and Pi.

27) Oxidative phosphorylation occurs

in three phases. The first phase is the

flow of electrons from NADH and

FADHto the complexes. What

happensafter this first phase is

complete?

Your Answer:

After the first phase of oxidative

phosphorylation, or the flow of

electrons

from NADH and FADH2 to the

cojmplexes, the chemical reactions of

theETC are complete. When H+ move

from the mitochondrial matrix to the

pumped to the intermembrane, the

chemical reactions taking place will

convert the ions from oxygen to

water, along with additional electrons.

ATP is produced from these reactions

as well due to the H+ gradient

allowing the continuous flow of these

H+ ions

Question 28

Consider the importance of

mitochondria in energy production.

A. What structural features of

mitochondria support ATP formation?

B. Where are the ETC complexes

located in the mitochondria?

Answer:

A. Mitochondria have a double

membrane structure. The inner

membrane is highly selective and

contains the ETC complexes.

B.ETC complexes are embedded in

the inner membrane, and the matrix

is where the citric acid cycle and

portions of fatty acid oxidation occur,

ensuring proximity to the ETC for

efficient energy production

28. critical structure of the

mitochondrion that are important forthe

production of ATP in 4 sentences: The

structure of the mitochondrion's

membrane is vital for the

production

of ATP due to their critical

component of layers and matrices of

the organelle. The mitochondria

provides energy and power for the

cell it resides in, by way of it multi-

layer-within-the-membrane setup.

The inner membrane, unlike the

outer membrane, allows for

selective passage of ions and

molecules due to its protein

complex. The inner membrane

allows for H+ and ATP to be

processed and remain stable at their

required concentrations for the cell.

The outer membrane contains a

bilayer itself that allows for the

passage of molecules while

allowing for some to stay either

within the mitochondira or within

the cell's matrix. Within the

mitochondria's intermembrane

space, the ETC gradient takes place

and in the matrix, chemical

reactions including the CAC take

place.

Question 1

The majority of reactions in the urea

cycle occur in the cytosol.

True

False

Question 2

NADH yields 1.5 ATP after donating

electrons to the ETC.

True

False

Question 3

GTP is invested in the urea cycle.

True

False

Question 4

There are six complexes in the ETC.

True

False

Question 5

In ATP synthesis via ATP synthase, H+

ions move from the mitochondrial

matrix to the intermembrane space.

True

False

Question 6

How many reactions occur in the cyclic

portion of the urea cycle?

1

2

3

4

5

Question 7

Which amino acids are involved in the

urea cycle?

A. Ornithine

B. Aspartate

C. Threonine

D. Both A and B

E. Both A and C

Question 8

Fumarate is converted to ______ to

reenter the mitochondria.

Ornithine

Citrulline

Malate

Fumarase

Ammonia

Question 9

Why is urea useful for excreting

nitrogen?

A. London forces

B. High nitrogen density

C. Large size

D. Low melting point

E. Both B and C

Question 10

_______ is part of both the urea cycle

and citric acid cycle.

Malate

Acetyl-CoA

Citrate

Fumarate

None of the above

Question 11

Deamination of an amino acid results in

a carbon skeleton and _______.

A. NH₂

B. NH

C. NO₂

D. NH₃

E. NH₄⁺

Question 12

The following chemical species is:

Ammonium

Fumarate

Arginine

Argininosuccinate

Urea

Question 13

FADH₂ donates electrons to which ETC

complex?

I

II

III

IV

V

Question 14

Which ETC complexes pump H+ ions?

Complex I

Complex III

Complex IV

All of the above

None of the above

Question 15

What protein shuttles electrons from

Complex III to Complex IV?

NADH dehydrogenase

Cytochrome C

Fumarase

Cytochrome B

None of the above

Question 16

Where does the citric acid cycle occur?

Matrix

Intermembrane space

Inner membrane

Outer membrane

Both B and C

Question 17

Where does the reaction O₂ + 4e + 4H⁻ ⁺

→ 2H₂O take place?

Complex I

Complex II

Complex III

Complex IV

Both A and B

Question 18

During the ETC, protons are pumped

from:

Intermembrane space to the

cytosol

Intermembrane space to the

matrix

Matrix to the

intermembrane space

Outside the cell to the

cytosol

Outside the cell to the

matrix

Question 19

Energy released during ______ is used

for ATP synthesis.

Proton flow through ATP

synthase back to the

mitochondrial matrix

Digestion of proteins

Degradation of

carbohydrates

Formation of ATP

None of the above

Question 20

H ions flow through what part of ATP ⁺

synthase?

FO

F1

F2

Stator

Both A and C

Question 21

Individuals with MERRF disease

experience symptoms like:

Muscle weakness

Elevated blood pressure

Swollen feet

Red eyes

None of the above

Question 22

ATP synthase is located in the ______

of mitochondria.

Inner membrane

Intermembrane space

Outer membrane

Both A and B

Both B and C

Answer: Inner membrane

Question 23

What process results in ATP formation?

H₂O in ATP synthase

GTP is produced first

Heat applied to ATP

synthase

Rotation of ATP synthase

None of the above

Question 24

Which is not a part of ATP synthase?

F

FO

F1

F2

Both A and D

Question 25

Which of the following is not a part of

ATP synthase?

A. F

B. FO

C. F1

D. F2

E. Both A and D

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Question 26

(Fill in the blanks) Use the word bank

to complete the sentences:

Word bank : ADP and Pi; ATP; GTP;

oxidative; reductive; citric acid cycle;

electron transport chain; three; eight;

ten.

The (A) produces NADH and

FADH₂, which can then be used to

produce (B).

Oxidative phosphorylation is the

synthesis of (C) from (D) , using

energy from the (E).

Answers :

A) Citric acid cycle

B) ATP

C) ATP

D) ADP and Pi

E) Electron transport chain

Question 27

(Short response) According to the

chemiosmotic theory, how is the

ETC connected to ATP

production?

The ETC uses energy from electron

transfer to pump H ⁺ions from the

mitochondrial matrix to the

intermembrane space, creating a

gradient. This gradient drives H ⁺ions

back into the matrix through ATP

synthase, causing its rotation, which

generates ATP from ADP and Pi.

27) Oxidative phosphorylation occurs

in three phases. The first phase is the

flow of electrons from NADH and

FADHto the complexes. What

happensafter this first phase is

complete?

Your Answer:

After the first phase of oxidative

phosphorylation, or the flow of

electrons

from NADH and FADH2 to the

cojmplexes, the chemical reactions of

theETC are complete. When H+ move

from the mitochondrial matrix to the

pumped to the intermembrane, the

chemical reactions taking place will

convert the ions from oxygen to

water, along with additional electrons.

ATP is produced from these reactions

as well due to the H+ gradient

allowing the continuous flow of these

H+ ions

Question 28

Consider the importance of

mitochondria in energy production.

A. What structural features of

mitochondria support ATP formation?

B. Where are the ETC complexes

located in the mitochondria?

Answer :

A. Mitochondria have a double

membrane structure. The inner

membrane is highly selective and

contains the ETC complexes.

B.ETC complexes are embedded in

the inner membrane , and the matrix

is where the citric acid cycle and

portions of fatty acid oxidation occur,

ensuring proximity to the ETC for

efficient energy production

28. critical structure of the mitochondrion that are important forthe

production of ATP in 4 sentences: The

structure of the mitochondrion's

membrane is vital for the

production

of ATP due to their critical

component of layers and matrices of

the organelle. The mitochondria

provides energy and power for the

cell it resides in, by way of it multi-

layer-within-the-membrane setup.

The inner membrane, unlike the

outer membrane, allows for

selective passage of ions and

molecules due to its protein

complex. The inner membrane

allows for H+ and ATP to be

processed and remain stable at their

required concentrations for the cell.

The outer membrane contains a

bilayer itself that allows for the

passage of molecules while

allowing for some to stay either

within the mitochondira or within

the cell's matrix. Within the

mitochondria's intermembrane

space, the ETC gradient takes place

and in the matrix, chemical

reactions including the CAC take

place.

Question 1 The majority of reactions in the urea cycle occur in the cytosol. True False Question 2 NADH yields 1.5 ATP after donating electrons to the ETC.

 True

 False

Question 3 GTP is invested in the urea cycle.

 True

 False

Question 4 There are six complexes in the ETC.

 True

 False

Question 5 In ATP synthesis via ATP synthase, H+ ions move from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space.

 True

 False

Question 6 How many reactions occur in the cyclic portion of the urea cycle?

Question 7 Which amino acids are involved in the urea cycle?

 A. Ornithine

 B. Aspartate

 C. Threonine

 D. Both A and B

 E. Both A and C

Question 8 Fumarate is converted to ______ to reenter the mitochondria.

 Ornithine

 Citrulline

 Malate

 Fumarase

 Ammonia

Question 9 Why is urea useful for excreting nitrogen?

 A. London forces

 B. High nitrogen density

 C. Large size

 D. Low melting point

 E. Both B and C

Question 10 _______ is part of both the urea cycle and citric acid cycle.

 Malate

 Acetyl-CoA

 Citrate

 Fumarate

 None of the above

Question 11 Deamination of an amino acid results in a carbon skeleton and _______.

 A. NH₂

 B. NH

 C. NO₂

 D. NH₃

 E. NH₄⁺

Question 12 The following chemical species is:

 Ammonium

 Fumarate

 Arginine

 Argininosuccinate

 Urea

Question 13 FADH₂ donates electrons to which ETC complex?

 I

 II

 III

 IV

 V

Question 14 Which ETC complexes pump H+ ions?

 Complex I

 Complex III

 Complex IV

 All of the above

 None of the above

Question 15 What protein shuttles electrons from Complex III to Complex IV?

 NADH dehydrogenase

 Cytochrome C

 Fumarase

 Cytochrome B

 None of the above

Question 16 Where does the citric acid cycle occur?

 Matrix

 Intermembrane space

 Inner membrane

 Outer membrane

 Both B and C

Question 17 Where does the reaction O₂ + 4e ⁻ + 4H⁺ → 2H₂O take place?

 Complex I

 Complex II

 Complex III

 Complex IV

 Both A and B

Question 18 During the ETC, protons are pumped from:

 Intermembrane space to the

cytosol

 Intermembrane space to the

matrix

 Matrix to the

intermembrane space

 Outside the cell to the

cytosol

 Outside the cell to the

matrix Question 19 Energy released during ______ is used for ATP synthesis.

 Proton flow through ATP

synthase back to the mitochondrial matrix

 Digestion of proteins

 Degradation of

carbohydrates

 Formation of ATP

 None of the above

Question 20 H ⁺ions flow through what part of ATP synthase?

 FO

 F

 Stator

 Both A and C

Question 21 Individuals with MERRF disease experience symptoms like:

 Muscle weakness

 Elevated blood pressure

 Swollen feet

 Red eyes

 None of the above

Question 22 ATP synthase is located in the ______ of mitochondria.

 Inner membrane

 Intermembrane space

 Outer membrane

 Both A and B

 Both B and C

Answer : Inner membrane Question 23 What process results in ATP formation?

biochem portage learning module 8, Exams of Nursing

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Partial preview of the text

Download biochem portage learning module 8 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

Question 26

(Fill in the blanks) Use the word bank

to complete the sentences:

Word bank : ADP and Pi; ATP; GTP;

oxidative; reductive; citric acid cycle;

electron transport chain; three; eight;

ten.

The (A) produces NADH and

FADH₂, which can then be used to

produce (B).

Oxidative phosphorylation is the

synthesis of (C) from (D) , using

energy from the (E).

Answers :

A) Citric acid cycle

B) ATP

C) ATP

D) ADP and Pi

E) Electron transport chain

Question 27

(Short response) According to the

chemiosmotic theory, how is the

ETC connected to ATP

production?

The ETC uses energy from electron

transfer to pump H ⁺ions from the

mitochondrial matrix to the

intermembrane space, creating a

gradient. This gradient drives H ⁺ions

back into the matrix through ATP

synthase, causing its rotation, which

generates ATP from ADP and Pi.

27) Oxidative phosphorylation occurs

in three phases. The first phase is the

flow of electrons from NADH and

FADHto the complexes. What

happensafter this first phase is

complete?

Your Answer:

After the first phase of oxidative

phosphorylation, or the flow of

electrons

from NADH and FADH2 to the

cojmplexes, the chemical reactions of

theETC are complete. When H+ move

from the mitochondrial matrix to the

pumped to the intermembrane, the

chemical reactions taking place will

convert the ions from oxygen to

water, along with additional electrons.

ATP is produced from these reactions

as well due to the H+ gradient

allowing the continuous flow of these

H+ ions

Question 28

Consider the importance of

mitochondria in energy production.

A. What structural features of

mitochondria support ATP formation?

B. Where are the ETC complexes

located in the mitochondria?

Answer :

A. Mitochondria have a double

membrane structure. The inner

membrane is highly selective and

contains the ETC complexes.

B.ETC complexes are embedded in

the inner membrane , and the matrix

is where the citric acid cycle and

portions of fatty acid oxidation occur,

ensuring proximity to the ETC for

efficient energy production

production of ATP in 4 sentences: The

structure of the mitochondrion's

membrane is vital for the

production