Question 26
(Fill in the blanks) Use the word bank
to complete the sentences:
Word bank: ADP and Pi; ATP; GTP;
oxidative; reductive; citric acid cycle;
electron transport chain; three; eight;
ten.
The (A) produces NADH and
FADH₂, which can then be used to
produce (B).
Oxidative phosphorylation is the
synthesis of (C) from (D), using
energy from the (E).
Answers:
A) Citric acid cycle
B) ATP
C) ATP
D) ADP and Pi
E) Electron transport chain
Question 27
(Short response) According to the
chemiosmotic theory, how is the
ETC connected to ATP
production?
The ETC uses energy from electron
transfer to pump H ions from the ⁺
mitochondrial matrix to the
intermembrane space, creating a
gradient. This gradient drives H ions⁺
back into the matrix through ATP
synthase, causing its rotation, which
generates ATP from ADP and Pi.
27) Oxidative phosphorylation occurs
in three phases. The first phase is the
flow of electrons from NADH and
FADHto the complexes. What
happensafter this first phase is
complete?
Your Answer:
After the first phase of oxidative
phosphorylation, or the flow of
electrons
from NADH and FADH2 to the
cojmplexes, the chemical reactions of
theETC are complete. When H+ move
from the mitochondrial matrix to the
pumped to the intermembrane, the
chemical reactions taking place will
convert the ions from oxygen to
water, along with additional electrons.
ATP is produced from these reactions
as well due to the H+ gradient
allowing the continuous flow of these
H+ ions
Question 28
Consider the importance of
mitochondria in energy production.
A. What structural features of
mitochondria support ATP formation?
B. Where are the ETC complexes
located in the mitochondria?
Answer:
A. Mitochondria have a double
membrane structure. The inner
membrane is highly selective and
contains the ETC complexes.
B.ETC complexes are embedded in
the inner membrane, and the matrix
is where the citric acid cycle and
portions of fatty acid oxidation occur,
ensuring proximity to the ETC for
efficient energy production
28. critical structure of the
mitochondrion that are important forthe
production of ATP in 4 sentences: The
structure of the mitochondrion's
membrane is vital for the
production
of ATP due to their critical
component of layers and matrices of
the organelle. The mitochondria
provides energy and power for the
cell it resides in, by way of it multi-
layer-within-the-membrane setup.
The inner membrane, unlike the
outer membrane, allows for
selective passage of ions and
molecules due to its protein
complex. The inner membrane
allows for H+ and ATP to be
processed and remain stable at their
required concentrations for the cell.
The outer membrane contains a
bilayer itself that allows for the
passage of molecules while
allowing for some to stay either
within the mitochondira or within
the cell's matrix. Within the
mitochondria's intermembrane
space, the ETC gradient takes place
and in the matrix, chemical
reactions including the CAC take
place.
Question 1
The majority of reactions in the urea
cycle occur in the cytosol.
True
False
Question 2
NADH yields 1.5 ATP after donating
electrons to the ETC.
True
False
Question 3
GTP is invested in the urea cycle.
True
False
Question 4
There are six complexes in the ETC.
True
False
Question 5
In ATP synthesis via ATP synthase, H+
ions move from the mitochondrial
matrix to the intermembrane space.
True
False
Question 6
How many reactions occur in the cyclic
portion of the urea cycle?
1
2
3
4
5
Question 7
Which amino acids are involved in the
urea cycle?
A. Ornithine
B. Aspartate
C. Threonine
D. Both A and B
E. Both A and C
Question 8
Fumarate is converted to ______ to
reenter the mitochondria.
Ornithine
Citrulline
Malate
Fumarase
Ammonia
Question 9
Why is urea useful for excreting
nitrogen?
A. London forces
B. High nitrogen density
C. Large size
D. Low melting point
E. Both B and C
Question 10
_______ is part of both the urea cycle
and citric acid cycle.
Malate
Acetyl-CoA
Citrate
Fumarate
None of the above
Question 11
Deamination of an amino acid results in
a carbon skeleton and _______.
A. NH₂
B. NH
C. NO₂
D. NH₃
E. NH₄⁺
Question 12
The following chemical species is:
Ammonium
Fumarate
Arginine
Argininosuccinate
Urea
Question 13
FADH₂ donates electrons to which ETC
complex?
I
II
III
IV
V
Question 14
Which ETC complexes pump H+ ions?
Complex I
Complex III
Complex IV
All of the above
None of the above
Question 15
What protein shuttles electrons from
Complex III to Complex IV?
NADH dehydrogenase
Cytochrome C
Fumarase
Cytochrome B
None of the above
Question 16
Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
Matrix
Intermembrane space
Inner membrane
Outer membrane
Both B and C
Question 17
Where does the reaction O₂ + 4e + 4H⁻ ⁺
→ 2H₂O take place?
Complex I
Complex II
Complex III
Complex IV
Both A and B
Question 18
During the ETC, protons are pumped
from:
Intermembrane space to the
cytosol
Intermembrane space to the
matrix
Matrix to the
intermembrane space
Outside the cell to the
cytosol
Outside the cell to the
matrix
Question 19
Energy released during ______ is used
for ATP synthesis.
Proton flow through ATP
synthase back to the
mitochondrial matrix
Digestion of proteins
Degradation of
carbohydrates
Formation of ATP
None of the above
Question 20
H ions flow through what part of ATP ⁺
synthase?
FO
F1
F2
Stator
Both A and C
Question 21
Individuals with MERRF disease
experience symptoms like:
Muscle weakness
Elevated blood pressure
Swollen feet
Red eyes
None of the above
Question 22
ATP synthase is located in the ______
of mitochondria.
Inner membrane
Intermembrane space
Outer membrane
Both A and B
Both B and C
Answer: Inner membrane
Question 23
What process results in ATP formation?
H₂O in ATP synthase
GTP is produced first
Heat applied to ATP
synthase
Rotation of ATP synthase
None of the above
Question 24
Which is not a part of ATP synthase?
F
FO
F1
F2
Both A and D
Question 25
Which of the following is not a part of
ATP synthase?
A. F
B. FO
C. F1
D. F2
E. Both A and D