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BIOCHEM |\ 212 |\EXAM |\2: |\Enzymes |\and |\
Vitamins |\– |\QUESTIONS |\WITH |\ANSWERS
Enzyme |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔a |\biological |\catalyst Substrate |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔REACTANT |\of |\the |\enzyme- catalyzed |\reaction Cofactor |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔INORGANIC |\substance |\that |\binds |
to |\the |\enzyme Coenzyme |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔ORGANIC |\substance |\that |\binds |
to |\the |\enzyme Apoenzyme |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Enzyme |\minus |\necessary |
cofactor/coenzyme Proenzyme |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Inactive |\form |\of |\an |\enzyme |\to |
be |\modified |\into |\active |\use. |(zymogen) Oxidioreductases
-Definition -Coenzyme? |\Function? -SUBCLASSES |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Enzyme |\that |\catalyzes |\REDOX |\REACTIONS ~ Requires |\a |\COENZYME |\which |\is |\oxidized/reduced |\to |\allow |\the |
substrate |\to |\be |\reduced/oxidized ~ Subclass: |\DEHYDROGENASES |\which |\remove |\ 2 |\H |\atoms |\to |\form |\a |
double |\bond Requires |\FAD |\or |\NAD+ |\as |\a |\COENZYME Transferases -Definition -Coenzyme? -SUBCLASSES |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔TRANSFER |\a |\FUNCTIONAL |
GROUP |\between |\substrates |
(amino |\or |\phosphoral) ~ No |\coenzyme ~ Subclasses:
-Subclasses |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Isomerization-- |\only |
REARRANGE |\THE |\BONDS |\of |\a |\substrate |
~ No |\coenzyme |\or |\subclasses. |\Keepin' |\it |\simple. Lyases -Definition -Coenzyme? -SUBCLASSES |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔REMOVE |\or |\ADD |\a |\functional |\group |\by |\FORMING |\or |\BREAKING |\a |\DOUBLE |\BOND ~ No |\coenzyme ~ DECARBOXYLASES |\remove |\CO2 |
DEHYDRASES |\remove |\H2O DEAMINASES |\remove |\NH SYNTHASES |\add |\small |\molecule |\to |\doub |\bond Ligases -definition
-coenzyme? -subclass |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔BOND |\FORMATION |\through |
HYDROLYSIS |\OF |\ATP |(coupled |\reaction) ~ No |\coenzyme ~ Subclasses: SYNTHETASES |\bond |\two |\substrate |\molecules |\together CARBOXYLASES |\add |\CO2 |\to |\form |\carboxyl |(?) |\group Enzyme |\specificity |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Highly |\specific: |\catalyzes |\one |\type |\of |\reaction |\for |\one |\substrate ~ Nonspecific: |\catalyzes |\a |\single |\reaction |\for |\similar |\substrates Induced |\Fit |\model/theory |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Binding |\of |
substrate |\triggers |\a |\conformational |\change |\in |\the |\enzyme |\which |
begins |\reaction 4 |\ways |\enzymes |\do |\their |\job. |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔PROXIMITY- |
bring |\reactants |\closer ORIENTATION- |\hold |\reactants |\at |\the |\required |\distance/position ENERGY- |\lower |\Ea |\by |\inducing |\a |\strain |\on |\substrate's |\bonds
Allosteric |\regulation |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Substrate |\binding |\at |
active |\site |\is |\affected |\by |\another |\molecule |\binding |\at |\a |\different |
site. |(like |\noncompetitive |\inhibition) Positive |\regulator: |\increases |\activity Negative |\regulator: |\decreases |\activity ***see |\lecture |\slide Feedback |\control |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔A |\product |\of |\a |\pathway |
is |\an |\allosteric |\regulator |\of |\an |\enzyme |\that |\catylizes |\a |\critical |\step |
in |\the |\pathway. Positive: |\increases |\output Negative: |\decreases |\output Genetic |\control |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔At |\the |\DNA |\level-- |\Gene |\for |\an |\enzyme |\is |\turned |\on/off |\to |\regulate |\amount |\of |\enzyme Covalent |\modification |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Addition |\of |\a |
PHOSPHATE |\GROUP |(on |\tyrosine, |\serine |\or |\threonine) |\triggers |\a |
conformational |\change |\which |\activates/deactivates |\enzyme Zymogens |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Enzyme |\is |\synthesized |\in |\an |
inactive |\form |\which |\must |\be |\modified |\to |\make |\enzyme |\active. ~
Has |\a |\longer |\protein |\segment |\which |\must |\be |\removed- |\ex. |\self- digested ~ |
zymogens |\are |\SELF-REGULATING VITAMINS Water |\Soluble |\vs. |\Fat |\Soluble |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔WATER |
SOLUBLE: |\hydrophillic, |\contains |\OH |\and |\COOH, |\forms |\coenzymes Vitamin |\C Biotin Folic |\Acid B |\Complex |(B1 |\B2 |\B3 |\B5 |\B6 |\B12) ~ FAT |\SOLUBLE: |\hydrophobic, |\contains |\hydrocarbon |\chains Vitamin |\A |(sight) Vitamin |\D |(bone) Vitamin |\E |(antioxidant) Vitamin |\K |(blood |\clotting) Vitamin |\A |
-Function
Vitamin |\E -Function -Precursor -Active |\form -Deficiency |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔ANTIOXIDANT/reducing |\agent- |
prevents |\oxidative |\damage |\of |\lipids |(LDL |\and |\cell |\membranes) *regenerated |\once |\oxidized |\by |\vitamin |\C Precursor: |\no Active |\form: |\tocopherol Deficiency: |\rare Vitamin |\K -Function -Precursor -Active |\form -Deficiency |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔BLOOD |\CLOT |\FORMATION-- |
production |\of |\prothrombin
Precursor: |\no Active |\form: |\Phylloquinone Deficiency: |\Rare, |\bruising/hemorrhaging Vitamin |\B THIAMIN -Function -Coenzyme -Deficiency |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Required |\for |\CARBOHYDRATE |
METABOLISM Coenzyme: |\Thiamine |\pyrophosphate |(TPP) Deficiency: |\Alcoholism |\can |\cause |\deficiency; |\beriberi Vitamin |\B RIBOFLAVIN -Function -Deficiency |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔REDOX |\REACTIONS Deficiency: |\Glossitis, |\dermatitis, |\burning/itching |\of |\eyes
-Function -Coenzyme -Deficiency |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔AMINO |\ACID |\METABOLISM coenzyme: |\phosphate |\form Deficiency: |\Retarded |\growth, |\confusion, |\depression, |\anemia Vitamin |\B COBALAMIN -Function -Coenzyme -Deficiency |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔NUCLEIC |\ACID |\METABOLYSM; |
methyl |\transfer Coenzyme: |??? Deficiency: |\pernicious |\anemia, |\gastrointestinal |\disorders, |\spinal |\cord |\lesions, |\lack |\of |\muscle |\coordination Biotin
-Function -Coenzyme -Deficiency |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Carbon |\carrier |\in |\carbohydrate |
and |\lipid |\metabolism Forms |\amide |\bonds |\on |\amine |\groups |\of |\proteins Coenzyme: |\Biotin |\or |\Biocytin Deficiency: |\Caused |\by |\too |\many |\antibiotics |\or |\eating |\too |\many |\egg |
whites-- |\anorexia, |\nausea, |\muscle |\pain |\and |\depression Folic |\Acid -Function -Coenzyme -Deficiency |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Carrier |\of |\carbon |\units |\in |\the |
formation |\of |\heme, |\nucleic |\acids |\and |\choline Protects |\against |\cardiovascular |\disease Coenzyme: |\Tetrahydrofolate Deficiency: |\Gastrointestinal |\probs, |\anemia, |\birth |\defects |(spinal |
bifida, |\neural |\tube |\disorders) Vitamin |\C
