Download Bio117 Exam 2: Hondros Bio 117 Exam 2(Lectures 5 – 9) Questions & Answers: Latest U and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Bio117 Exam 2: Hondros Bio 117 Exam
2(Lectures 5 – 9)
What are the two major divisions of the skeletal system? (Ans- axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton The skull, spine, sternum, and ribs are part of what division of the skeletal system? (Ans- Axial The girdles, arms, and legs are part of what division of the skeletal system? (Ans- Appendicular The tympanic cavity is located in the... (Ans- Ear What part of the skull contains the ossicles (Ans- Tympanic Cavity These bones of the skull; frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, and maxillary are called the... (Ans- Paranasal Sinuses Another name for the spine is... (Ans- Vertebral Column The vertebral column consists of how many regions? (Ans- 5 regions The 5 regions of the spine are... (Ans- 1. Cervical Vertebrae 2. Thoracic Vertebrae, 3. Lumbar Vertebrae, 4. Sacrum, 5. Coccyx
The Cervical Vertebrae consists of how many bones? (Ans- 7 The Thoracic Vertebrae consists of how many bones? (Ans- 12 The Lumbar Vertebrae consists of how many bones? (Ans- 5 The Sacrum consists of how many bones? (Ans- 1 sacrum in the vertebral column ; consists of 5 bones The Coccyx consists of how many bones? (Ans- 1 coccyx in the vertebral column ; consists of 4 bones. The special cartilage discs which helps protect each vertebrae are called... (Ans- Intervertebral discs How many pairs of ribs are there (Ans- 12 Ribs are connected to sternum by (Ans- costal cartilage The ribs are connected to what part of the vertebral column? (Ans- Thoracic What are the four regions of the sternum? (Ans-
- Manubrium 2. Body 3. Sternomanubrial joint 4. Xiphoid process Ribs 1-7 are called (Ans- true ribs
What matures bone cells? (Ans- osteocytes What build up bone? (Ans- osteoblasts What breaks down bone? (Ans- osteoclasts Where do we find bone marrow (Ans- Inside the bones Red bone marrow makes (Ans- red blood cells Red bone marrow in the ____________________ part of the bone. (Ans- Epiphysis The epiphysis (part of the long bone) is protected by... (Ans- Spongy bone Yellow bone marrow stores... (Ans- adipose tissue (fat) Yellow bone marrow is found in the _______________________ part of the bone (Ans- Diaphysis Diaphysis (part of long bone) is protected by... (Ans- Compact bone Two main types of freely movable joints (Ans- 1. Ball-and-socket joints 2. Hing joints
Examples of ball-and-socket joints are (Ans- shoulder and hip Examples of hinge joints are (Ans- elbow and knee The immovable joints of the skull are called (Ans- sutures _______________ are where two bones come together (Ans- Joints Joints can be classified by (Ans- Immovable and freely movable This fluid lubricates the bones in the joints, decreasing friction. (Ans- Synovial fluid What did the sutures in the skull used to be (Ans- Fontanelles What tissue is found filling the epiphysis of long bones? (Ans- Red Bone Marrow What is the tube called that connects our throat to the middle ear? (Ans- Eustachian Tube Carpals are to wrist as tarsals are to: (Ans- Ankle Ribs 8, 9, and 10 are classified as? (Ans- False Ribs Intercostal means: (Ans- In between the ribs
Immovable joints are found where (Ans- In the Skull Where do we find articular cartilage? (Ans- At the ends of our bones Is synovial fluid found at all joints? (Ans- No. Actions of Ball-and-socket joints can do (Ans- Extension, abduction, and circumduction Hinge and ball-and-socket joints can BOTH do which motions? (Ans- Flexion and Extension Is the mandible part of the axial or appendicular skeleton? (Ans- Axial Is the humerus part of the axial or appendicular skeleton? (Ans- appendicular skeleton Is the femur part of the axial or appendicular skeleton? (Ans- Appendicular Is the sacrum part of the axial or appendicular skeleton? (Ans- Axial Is the radius part of the axial or appendicular skeleton? (Ans- Appendicular Is the clavicle part of the axial or appendicular skeleton? (Ans- Appendicular Is the tibia part of the axial or appendicular skeleton? (Ans- Appendicular
Is the temporal part of the axial or appendicular skeleton? (Ans- Axial Is the Maxilla part of the axial or appendicular skeleton? (Ans- Axial Is the fibula part of the axial or appendicular skeleton? (Ans- Appendicular Is the ulna part of the axial or appendicular skeleton? (Ans- Appendicular Is the sternum part of the axial or appendicular skeleton? (Ans- Axial Is the occipital part of the axial or appendicular skeleton? (Ans- Axial Is the cervical vertebrae part of the axial or appendicular skeleton? (Ans- Axial Is the zygomatic part of the axial or appendicular skeleton? (Ans- Axial Is the frontal part of the axial or appendicular skeleton? (Ans- Axial Is the scapula part of the axial or appendicular skeleton? (Ans- Appendicular Is the humerus part of the axial or appendicular skeleton? (Ans- Appendicular
The orbicularis oculi muscles are located where? (Ans- Around the eyes The orbicularis oris muscle is located where? (Ans- Around the mouth The buccinator muscles are ____________ to the masseter muscles (Ans- Deep What muscle of the head aids in flexion of the head? (Ans- Sternocliedomastoid What muscle of the head allows extension of the head? (Ans- Trapezius External intercostal, Internal intercostal, and the diaphragm are what type of muscles? (Ans- Breathing muscles The diaphragm is located where? (Ans- Under the ribs The internal intercostal muscles are located where? (Ans- Between the ribs The external intercostal muscles are located where? (Ans- Above the ribs The rectus abdominus, external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominus are what type of muscles? (Ans- Abdominal muscles The connective tissue that connects muscle to bone is called? (Ans- tendon The connective tissue that connects muscle to muscle is called? (Ans- Aponeurosis Is skeletal muscle voluntary or involuntary? (Ans- voluntary
What covers and wraps around skeletal muscle? (Ans- Fascia Fascia is what type of tissue? (Ans- connective These abdominal muscles allow lateral flexion of the body (Ans- The internal and external oblique Which muscle does both flexion of the head and lateral rotation of the head? (Ans- Sternocleidomastoid The action of the deltoid muscles is to... (Ans- Abduct the arms Which part of our forearm "flexes fingers"? (Ans- Anterior compartment The action of the biceps brachii muscles is to... (Ans- Flex the arm (at the elbow) The function of BOTH the pectorals major and lattimus dorsi (Ans- Adducts the arms Which part of our forearm "extend fingers"? (Ans- Posterior compartment The rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus medialis compose the (Ans- quadricep muscles of the leg Actions of the hamstring muscles (Ans- Flexes the leg at the knee The quadriceps consists of how many muscles? (Ans- 4 The action of the gracilis muscle is to (Ans- Adducts the leg / thigh Which muscles are involuntary? (Ans- Smooth and Cardiac muscles The endocrine system consists of internal glands that make and secrete what? (Ans- Chemical Hormones
Most hormones use _______________ feedback to regulate their secretion. (Ans- negative We use the mnemonic "FLAT PG" to help us remember the hormones from where? (Ans- The anterior pituitary Which hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary? (Ans- Prolactin, ACTH, Gonadotropins (FSH and LH), TSH, and Growth Hormone Which hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary? (Ans- ADH and oxytocin FSH and LH travel through the blood to which "target tissue"? (Ans- The gonads (testes and ovaries) TSH travels through the blood to which "target tissue"? (Ans- the thyroid gland Prolactin travels through the blood to which "target tissue"? (Ans- the Mammary Glands The hormone ADH travels to which target organs? (Ans- the Kidneys what hormones decreases blood sugar? (Ans- Insulin Which hormone increases blood calcium? (Ans- parathyroid hormone The hormone calcitonin functions to (Ans- decrease the level of calcium in the blood The parathyroid glands are found where? (Ans- around the thyroid gland What hormone would travel through the blood and "stimulate" the adrenal cortex? (Ans- ACTH
___________ blood calcium would cause parathyroid hormone to be released. (Ans- Low Blood Calicum What condition would cause insulin to be released? (Ans- High Blood Sugar The hormone oxytocin causes what? (Ans- Uterine Contractions The function of of the pancreas is to do what? (Ans- Monitor blood sugar If you were starving, what hormone would you expect to be elevated? (Ans- Glucagon __________ causes the liver to take blood glucose and store it as glycogen. (Ans- insulin The thyroid gland, when acted on by TSH, would release more of what? (Ans- T3 and T Insulin receptors are found on most cells, while glucagon receptors are found where? (Ans- On the liver Iodine is a necessary element for which hormone? (Ans- T3 and T Low levels of growth hormone in an adolescent or child could lead to? (Ans- Dwarfism High heart rate, high metabolism, weight loss, and anxiety could indicate what? (Ans- Hyperthyroidism Hyperactivity of the adrenal cortex could cause what? (Ans- Masculinizing effects in women Hyperglycemia is a problem with what disorder (Ans- Diabetes
The dendrites are part of a... (Ans- Neuron What is the functional unit of a nerve? (Ans- neuron The ___________________ supports, protects, insulates, and generally cares for the Neurons (Ans- Neuroglia Axons are a part of what? (Ans- Neurons The axon terminals are part of what? (Ans- Neurons What stores neurotransmitters at the very end of the axon? (Ans- Axon terminals Special proteins made by neurons and are used to communicate their signal from one neuron to the next is call a... (Ans- Neurotransmitters what are the three main types of neurons? (Ans- sensory, motor, interneurons Are sensory neurons afferent or efferent? (Ans- afferent _________________ receives information from a sensory neuron and "analyzes the information" (Ans- Interneuron The _________________ carry information from the PNS toward the CNS (Ans- Sensory Neuron Are motor neurons afferent or efferent? (Ans- efferent _________________ takes information from the interneuron and delivers the information to the appropriate effector (Ans- Motor neuron what myelinates the axons (Ans- White matter
Includes the dendrites, cell bodies, and unmyelinated axons (grey or white matter) (Ans- Grey Matter ________________ is a collection of cell bodies in the nervous system (Ans- Ganglia the 4 main parts of the brain are what (Ans- Cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem and the cerebellum The superficial part of the brain and is composed of gyri (hills) and sulci (valleys) (Ans- The cerebrum What Mr. Hasan calls the "Big Brain" (Ans- The Cerebrum What Mr. Hasan calls the "Little Brain" (Ans- Cerebellum The Olfactory Sense (Ans- smell Gustatory Sense purpose (Ans- Taste the taste sensory organs are on the ______________ (Ans- tongue Result of irregular curved cornea (Ans- Astigmatism A person with Myopia (Nearsightedness) would require what type of corrective lense? (Ans- Concave Lense damage to occipital lobe of the brain would cause (Ans- vision loss Edema causes what? (Ans- Swelling ______________ lenses converge the light (Ans- Convex Three tiny bones in the middle ear are called (Ans- Ossicles
the eyebrows, eyelids, conjunctiva, eyelashes, lacrimal apparatus, and extrinsic eye muscles are called (Ans- Visual Accessory Organs The middle layer of the meninges (Ans- arachnoid Muscular disuse or wasting away is called (Ans- Atrophy Increased pressure in the eye is a condition called (Ans- Glaucoma Muscular overuse is called (Ans- hypertrophy CN I (Ans- Olfactory Nerve CN II (Ans- Optic Nerve CN III (Ans- Oculomotor Nerve CN IV (Ans- Trochlear Nerve CN V (Ans- Trigeminal Nerve CN VI (Ans- Abducens Nerve CN VII (Ans- Facial Nerve CN VIII (Ans- Vestibulocochlear Nerve CN IX (Ans- Glossopharyngeal Nerve CN X (Ans- Vagus Nerve CN XI (Ans- Accessory Nerve CN XII (Ans- Hypoglossal Nerve
Gustatory Sense detects... (Ans- Sweet, Sour, Salty, and Bitter Prolactin, ACTH, Gonadotropins (FSH and LH), TSH, and Growth Hormone are all secreted by... (Ans- The anterior pituitary gland ADH and oxytocin are secreted by (Ans- The posterior pituitary gland What are the two hormones that come from the pancreas (Ans- Insulin and glucagon What hormone stimulates the "fight-or-flight" response? (Ans- Epinephrine Insulin does what? (Ans- lowers blood glucose levels Glucagon does what? (Ans- raises blood glucose levels How many hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary gland (Ans- 6 uterine contractions and milk let-down is aided by what hormone? (Ans- Oxytocin Kidney water reabsorption and blood vessel construction is aided by what hormone? (Ans- ADH breast glandular tissue is aided by what hormone? (Ans- Prolactin (PRL) Photoreceptors are found on the retina and respond to what? (Ans- Light Nociceptors are found throughout our body and respond to what? (Ans- Pain Proprioceptors respond to what? (Ans- Movement Photoreceptors send their information to the thalamus (relay station) then to which lobe? (Ans- Occipital
