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An in-depth exploration of cell division processes, including binary fission in bacteria, chromosome structure and function, and mitosis in eukaryotic cells. Topics covered include chromosome terms, homologous and haploid chromosomes, the cell cycle, and the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell division.
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5/19/14 lev 1cell division.ppt 1
CHROMOSOME
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a) Sister chromatids -IDENTICAL sides attached at centromere b) Homologous chromosomes- SIMILAR in size, shape, and genetic info, not attached
c) Haploid- n one set of chromosomes- 2 common examples: gametes in eukaryotes & chromosome in bacterial cell d) Diploid- 2n two sets of chromosomes Examples: somatic cells and germ cells
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A. Humans have 46 chromosomes (2n=46) B. homologous pair - one chromosome from dad and one from mom
A. Each somatic cell has 22 pairs of homologous chromosomes (autosomes) and 1 pair of sex chromosomes. B. Females-XX, Males-XY How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? What is the diploid chromosome #? What is the haploid chromosome #? How many autosomes do humans have?
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Visual Concept
a) Cell Cycle (4 stages- G 1 S G 2 M)
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fyi….G1 is when a cell does the things that it is made to do.
(Where does this happen?)
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A. This results in two identical sister chromatids Replicated Chromosome
a) Microtubules (spindle apparatus) built to move chromosomes around. (Centrioles come from centrosome to build it.) b) Organelles are duplicated
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a. Chromosomes made during S are pulled into place by the microtubules built during G2. b. After mitosis each nucleus has the same number of chromosomes containing EXACTLY the same versions of all genes.! c. Somatic cells undergo mitosis
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A. Germ cells- located in the testes and ovaries. B. Meiosis begins with a diploid cell (2n). C. One replication of chromosomes, followed by 2 divisions results in 4 haploid cells (n). D. This type of division occurs only in the formation of sperm and eggs (gametes). E. Gametes are reproductive cells that are haploid. Fyi…Gametes MUST be haploid or else the number of chromosomes an organism contains would always double.
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Visual Concept
