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Bio Misc EXAM Question Of Human Physiology (Digestion+Breathing)
With Complete Solutions 2024 Update
- The initial step in the digestion of milk in humans is carried out by (1)lipase (2)trypsin (3)rennin (4)pepsin. Correct Answer : (3) Explanation : : Rennin is secreted by peptic cells present in epithelium of gastric glands. It is found in the gastric juice of human beings during infancy and in calf. In adults gastric juice is devoid of rennin. It converts milk protein casein into paracasein, leading to milk coagulation.
The volume of air inspired or expired during normal respiration is called (1)tidal volume (2)inspiratory reserve volume (3)expiratory reserve volume
(4)residual volume. Correct Answer : (1) Explanation : : The volume of air breathed in and out involuntarily in each normal breath is called tidal volume or TV. It is about 500 mL in a healthy man.
- Tidal Volume and Expiratory Reserve Volume of an athlete is 500 mL and 1000 mL respectively. What will be his expiratory capacity if the residual volume is 1200 mL? (1) 2700 mL (2) 1500 mL (3) 1700 mL (4) 2200 mL Correct Answer : (2) Explanation : : Expiratory capacity is the total volume of air a person can expire after normal inspiration. It includes tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume. EC = TV + ERV = 500 + 1000 = 1500 mL
Correct Answer : (2) Explanation : : Occupational respiratory disorders are due to the occupation of the individual. Silicosis is an occupational disease that occurs due to the excessive inhalation of silica dust by the workers of mining industry. Long exposure can cause proliferation of fibrous connective tissue (fibrosis) of upper part of lungs causing inflammation. Anthrax and botulism are bacterial diseases of humans caused by Bacillus anthracis and Clostridium botulinum respectively. Emphysema is an abnormal distension of the bronchioles or alveolar sacs of the lungs.
In humans, sphincter of Oddi is associated with the opening of (1)hepatopancreatic ampulla (2)pyloric stomach (3)oesophagus (4)common hepatic duct. Correct Answer : (1) Explanation :
: : The cystic duct arises from the gall bladder. The cystic duct and common hepatic duct join to form bile duct which passes downwards posteriorly to join the main pancreatic duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of Vater). The ampulla opens into the duodenum. The opening is guarded by the sphincter of Oddi.
- Identify the correctly matched structure and its secretion. (1)Brunner’s gland - Salivary amylase (2)Intestinal mucosa - Insulin (3)Gall bladder - Bile (4)Salivary gland - Lysozyme (5)Goblet cells - HCl Correct Answer : (4) Explanation : : The Brunner’s glands are found only in the duodenum and are located in the submucosa. They secrete a little enzyme and mucus. The mucus protects the duodenal wall from getting digested. Intestinal mucosa has goblet cells which secrete mucus, which along with secretion of brush border cells of mucosa constitute instestinal juice. Insulin is secreted by endocrine portion of pancreas. Bile secreted by liver is stored in gall bladder. Lysozyme present in saliva acts as an antibacterial agent that prevents infections. Parietal cells of gastric glands of stomach secrete HCl.
Explanation : : Asthma is a difficulty in breathing causing wheezing due to inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles. Emphysema is a chronic disorder in which abnormal distension of the bronchioles or alveolar sacs of the lungs occurs due to which respiratory surface is decreased for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Match column I with column II and choose the correct option. (1) A-3, B-1, C-4, D- (2) A-1, B-3, C-4, D- (3) A-2, B-3, C-1, D- (4) A-4, B-1, C-2, D- (5) A-2, B-1, C-4, D- Correct Answer : (5) 11.Chemosensitive area of respiratory centre in medulla is affected by
(1)less CO2 and H+ ions (2)less O2 and H+ ions (3)excess CO2 and H+ ions (4)excess O2 and H+ ions. Correct Answer : (3) Explanation : : Human beings have a significant ability to maintain and moderate the respiratory rhythm to suit the demands of the body tissues. A specialised centre present in the medulla region of the brain called respiratory rhythm centre is primarily responsible for this regulation. A chemosensitive area is situated adjacent to the rhythm centre which is highly sensitive to CO2 and hydrogen. 12.The contraction of gall bladder is due to (1)gastrin (2)enterogastrone (3)secretin (4)cholecystokinin. Correct Answer : (4)
(2)Peptidase, Amylase, Pepsin, Rennin (3)Lipase, Amylase, Trypsinogen, Procarboxypeptidase (4)Amylase, Peptidase, Trypsinogen, Rennin Correct Answer : (3) Explanation : : The pancreatic juice contains sodium bicarbonate, three proenzymes; trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen and procarboxypeptidase and some enzymes such as elastase, pancreatic a-amylase, DNase, RNase and pancreatic lipase. It helps in the digestion of starch, proteins, fats and nucleic acids.
Brunner’s glands are found in (1)mucosa of duodenum (2)mucosa of ileum (3)submucosa of duodenum (4)submucosa of ileum. Correct Answer : (3) Explanation :
: : Brunner’s glands are found in submucosa of duodenum. They secrete little enzyme and mucus. Mucus protects the duodenal wall from getting digested. 16.Main function of HCl present in gastric juice is (1)digestion of starch (2)emulsification of fat (3)conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin (4)detoxification of harmful constituents of food. Correct Answer : (3) 17.In humans, which among these is not a step in respiration? (1)Pulmonary ventilation (2)Alveolar diffusion of O2 and CO (3)Transport of gases by blood (4)Diffusion of O2 and CO2 between blood and tissues (5)Utilisation of CO2 by cells for catabolic reactions
Triglycerides Emulsified triglycerides After removal of gall bladder, bile could no longer be stored and hence fat metabolism would be affected. Therefore, fat intake should be restricted.
Kupffer cells are (1)hormone secreting cells (2)digestive juice secreting cells (3)phagocytic cells (4)none of these. Correct Answer : (3) Explanation : : Kupffer cells present in mammalian liver are phagocytic cells and eat worn out RBCs, WBCs and bacteria. 20.Pneumotaxic centre which can moderate the functions of the respiratory rhythm centre is present at (1)pons region of brain
(2)thalamus (3)spinal cord (4)right cerebral hemisphere (5)left cerebral hemisphere. Correct Answer : (1) Explanation : : The pneumotaxic centre is located dorsally in the upper pons. It transmits signal to the inspiratory area. 21.If this enzyme were to be absent in our small intestine, digestion of proteins in our body would be severely affected. (1)Pancreatic amylase (2)Maltase (3)Lipase (4)Enterokinase Correct Answer : (4)
This reaction is thousands times faster in erythrocytes because they contain carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme that reversibly catalyses the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid.
Fructose is absorbed into the blood through mucosa cells of intestine by the process called (1)active transport (2)facilitated transport (3)simple diffusion (4)co-transport mechanism. Correct Answer : (2) Explanation : : Fructose and mannose are absorbed through facilitated diffusion that is by the help of the carrier molecule. It is along the concentration gradient (higher concentration to low concentration).
The figure given below shows a small part of human lung where exchange of gases takes place. Select the option which represents labelled part (A, B, C or D) correctly identified along with its function. (1)C : arterial capillary - passes oxygen to tissues (2)A : alveolar cavity - main site of exchange of respiratory gases (3)D : capillary wall - exchange of O2 and CO2 takes place here (4)B : red blood cells - transport of CO2 mainly Correct Answer : (2) 25.The purplish red pigment rhodopsin contained in the rods type of photoreceptor cells of the human eye, is a derivative of (1)vitamin B (2)vitamin C (3)vitamin D
27.Increase in body temperature makes oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve (1)shift to left (2)shift to right (3)hyperbolic (4)parabolic. Correct Answer : (2) Explanation : : At higher temperature haemoglobin gives up oxygen more readily and the dissociation curve shifts to the right. This is of physiological importance because increased temperature means higher metabolic rate or higher oxygen requirement.
Amount of air in the lungs that remains after deep breathing is called (1)dead space (2)residual volume (3)vital capacity (4)ventilation rate.
Correct Answer : (2)
In the resting person, saturation of haemoglobin as blood leaves the tissue capillaries is approximately (1) 75% (2) 40% (3) 3% (4) 46%. Correct Answer : (1)
Match the items listed under column I with those given under column II. Choose the appropriate option from the given choices.
