Gene expression is the process where the information from the gene is used to make a
functional gene product (Yang et al., 2011). Gene expression occurs through the RNA molecule's
transcription. Gene expression decides what proteins are produced and how many. How a
Gene express is determined by the Chromatin Insulators and functions.
Chromatin insulators are DNA sequences that act as boundaries in the genome (Phillips-
Cremins et al., 2013.). They help regulate gene expression by controlling the signals passed
between chromatin domains. This ensures precise control over which genes are turned on or off
in the context. The structure and the function of chromatin are very dependent on each other.
The three-dimensional chromatin structure contributes to how the gene expresses and
functions. The structure of chromatin can change in response to signals and cues from the cell.
Higher order chromatin structure and organization contributes to gene expression regulation.
This allows the cell to control when genes are turned on or off for different processes.
The Study of how Drosophila insulator protein BEAF-32 (Boundary element-associated factor)
interacted in Chromatin Structure and Gene regulation is ongoing (Maharjan, M. (2019). BEAF-
32 is a protein that binds to DNA and helps other molecules reach certain places in the genes. It
helps bind a specific sequence in DNA. It organizes DNA structure and modifies specific
proteins. It was found in the nucleus and a specific region of chromosomes (Hou, 2012). It is not
clear how BEAF aids gene expression, to find this out the proteins need to be discovered.
From Research and using different pre-existing sources, it needed to be clarified if Apontic
(APT) and BEAF proteins have anything to do with one another. Apt proteins bind to
translational repressors in the regulations of mRNA (Lie et al., 1999), and play a crucial role in
Drosophila oogenesis, which is a developmental process associated with Drosophila
melanogaster (Filardo et al., 2003). APT is a protein that attaches to DNA and helps control the
activity of specific genes. It is essential for the growth and development of various body parts in
the embryo of a fruit fly called Drosophila (Pauli et al., 2016).
The other protein in this Study was ROW (relative of woc) , which is essential for long-range
gene regulation, working with another protein called BEAF-32 (Herman et al., 2022). This gene
helps bind to a structure called chromatin. It controls the process of making RNA molecules in
the nucleus. It is part of a complex containing proteins. It is found in different body parts,
including the nervous system, early development structures, and the gut.
Using the yeast two-hybrid system, there will be interactions between BEAF proteins and
apontic. BEAF will encode a DNA-binding protein with binding sites near transcription start sites. It
is proven that BEAF will interact with the ROW proteins (Herman et al., 2022). Considering this fact, it
is plausible that BEAF will interact with APT proteins. This is true because APT is a transcriptional
regulator and can function in translational repression (http://flybase.org/reports/FBgn0015903).BEAF
is known to physically interact with DNA binding proteins near transcription sites and APT is a DNA
protein. Theoreally two will interact with one another in the process of gene regulation.
