Download Biology & Chemistry Key Terms: Definitions for Control & Experimental Groups, Metabolism, and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Chapter 1
How are a control group and experimental group different?
Control Group-A group in an experiment that receives no
experimental treatment.Experimental group-A group in an
experiment that receives thevariable being testedWhat is
biology? The study of lifeWhat is ecology?When organisms
are dependent on one another and their environment
TERM 2
Chapter 1
DEFINITION 2
Define metabolism.The sum of all chemical reactions carried
out by an organismWhat is the variable that is being changed
or manipulated in an experiment called?Independent
variableWhat is the variable that is being measured in an
experiment called?Dependent variableDefine hypothesis?
Theory
TERM 3
Chapter 1
DEFINITION 3 List and describe the 7 themes of biology.Cells-The smallest structural and functional unit of an organismReproduction-The action or process of making a copy of somethingMetabolism-The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life. Heredity-The passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to anotherEvolution-The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth. TERM 4
Chapter 1
DEFINITION 4
Homeostasis-The tendency toward a relatively stable
equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as
maintained by physiological processes.Interdependence-The
dependence of two or more people or things on each other:
TERM 5
Chapter 2
DEFINITION 5
What is matter?Anything that takes up space and has
massWhat is an atom?Smallest unit of matter cannot be
broken down chemically. Give the difference between ionic
and covalent bonding?Ionic-One atom loses an electron to
form a positive ion.Covalent-The sharing of electron pairs
between atoms.
Chapter 2
Define element. A substance made of only one kind of atom.What is the atomic number? What does it tell us about an atom?The atomic number also known, as the proton number is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom.Carbohydrates always consist of what three elements?Carbon , Hydrogen , and Oxygen Give the molecular formula for glucose.Ch2Oh TERM 7
Chapter 3
DEFINITION 7 What is an organelle?Specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function.Be able to give the function of each of the following organelles: nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, cell membrane, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, ribosomes.Nucleus-Forming the basis for its activity and growthCytoplasm-Comprises cytosol the gel-like substance enclosed within the cell membrane.Mitochondria-Double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. TERM 8
Chapter 3
DEFINITION 8 Endoplasmic Reticulum-Organelle in the cells of eukaryotic organisms that forms an interconnected network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs or tube like structures.Cell membrane- Controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. Golgi apparatus- Found in most eukaryotic cells.Lysosomes-Are cellular subunits of a cell. Their main job is to break up waste materials and cellular debris inside of a cell.Ribosomes-Makes proteins for the cell. TERM 9
Chapter 3
DEFINITION 9
State the three parts to the cell theory.Cells are the smallest
units of lifeAll living organisms are made up of cellsAll cells
come from existing cellState the three scientists responsible
for the cell theory. Matthias Schlieden (a botanist), Theodore
Schwann (a zoologist), and Rudoplh Virchow.
TERM 10
Chapter 3
DEFINITION 10
How are prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells different?A
prokaryote is a single-celled organism that lacks a
membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other
membrane-bound organelle.A eukaryote is any organism
whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles enclosed
within membranes
Chapter 5
Write the balanced molecular equation for photosynthesis.6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy ==> C6H12O6 + 6O2Write the balanced molecular equation for respiration.C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATPWhat molecule is needed during aerobic respiration? Anaerobic respiration? adenosine triphosphate, oxygen Define glycolysis.The breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid TERM 17
Chapter 6
DEFINITION 17
Define mitosis.A type of cell division that results in two
daughter cells each having the same number and kind of
chromosomes as the parent nucleus.What are the first three
phases (G1, S, G2) of the cell cycle called?InterphaseDefine
homologous chromosomes.Chromosomes that are similar in
size, shape, and genetic content. Each parent provides one.
TERM 18
Chapter 6
DEFINITION 18 What are autosomes?Chromosomes not directly involved in determining gender (22pairs).How do haploid and diploid cells differ?Haploid A cell contains one set of chromosomes.Diploid Human gametes contain=n only one set of chromosome.Define a karyotype.A photo of chromosomes in a dividing cell that shows the chromosomes arranged. zygote is a fertilized egg. TERM 19
Chapter 6
DEFINITION 19 What is the total number of chromosomes in the human body? pairsCytokinesis is the process during cell division in which cytoplasm divides.Describe the 4 phases of mitosis.Prophase: The chromosomes are condensing, the nuclear envelope is dissipating and the centrosomes are headed for the poles of the cell.Metaphase: The chromosomes are fully condensed and lining up on the metaphase plate ( the middle of the cell TERM 20
Chapter 6
DEFINITION 20 Metaphase: The chromosomes are fully condensed and lining up on the metaphase plate ( the middle of the cell ) and the centrosomes are in position and microtubules are attaching themselves to the lined up chromosomes.Anaphase: In this phase the centrosomes's microtubules are pulling the sets of duplicated chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell. A long process.Telophase: In this phase the sets of chromosomes are at opposite poles and the nuclear envelopes are reforming around the chromosomes. The spindle apparatus of the centrosomes is dissolving. In animal cells cytokinesis is taking place and splitting the cell into two daughter cells. On plants a cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.
Chapter 7
What is spermatogenesis? Production of sperm through
males.Define meiosis. Results in haploid reproductive
cells.When does crossing-over take place? Prophase 1How
many cells are produced during meiosis? Haploid or diploid?
4 HaploidDoes replication of chromosomes take place
between meiosis I and meiosis II? no
