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BIO | 669 |Exam | 2 |with |precise |answers
Thromboangiitis |obliterans |(Buergers |disease) |is |an |autoimmune |condition |that |is: a. |A |result |of |over |activation |of |the |intrinsic |and |extrinsic |clotting |system |systemically b. |Characterized |by |attacks |of |vasospasm |in |the |small |arteries |and |arterioles |of |the |fingers |and |toes c. |Strongly |associated |with |smoking d. |Associated |with |janeway |lesions |and |Oslers |Nodes |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-c. |Strongly |associated | with |smoking Which |of |the |following |is |not |a |systemic |disease |that |is |associated |with |Raynaud's |Phenomenon? a. |Congestive |heart |failure b. |Collagen |vascular |diseases |such |as |scleroderma c. |Pulmonary |hypertension d. |Myxedema |or |smoking |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-a. |Congestive |Heart |Failure Which |of |the |following |is |NOT |a |primary |factor |in |determining |preload? a. |Venous |return |during |diastole b. |End |systolic |volume
c. |Total |peripheral |(systemic) |resistance d. |All |of |the |above |are |primary |factors |of |preload |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-c. |Total |peripheral | (systemic) |resistance Which |of |the |following |statements |are |INCORRECT a. |The |mean |arterial |pressure |is |the |average |force |of |pushing |blood |through |the |systemic |circuit. b. |The |pulse |pressure |is |the |difference |between |systolic |and |diastolic |pressures c. |A |decrease |in |aortic |compliance |increases |its |stiffness |and |thus |can |lead |to |an |increase |in |pulse | pressures d. |Prostacyclins, |which |are |diminished |by |NSAIDs, |are |vasoconstrictors. |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-d. | Prostacyclins, |which |are |diminished |by |NSAIDS, |are |vasoconstrictors Which |of |the |following |is |incorrect |regarding |the |isometric |contraction |phase |of |the |cardiac |cycle? a. |Blood |does |not |flow |through |the |heart |at |this |time. b. |The |atria |are |contracting c. |The |valves |are |closed d. |It |occurs |during |ventricular |systole |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-b. |The |atria |are |contracting The |resistance |of |movement |of |blood |from |the |left |ventricle |to |the |aorta |is |termed |the:
Prinzmetal |angina |is: a. |A |transient |ischemia |of |the |myocardium |that |occurs |unpredictably b. |Myocardial |ischemia |that |may |not |cause |detectable |symptoms c. |Ischemia |that |occurs |after |a |predictable |amount |of |exercise d. |The |rupture |of |an |unstable |plaque |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-a. |A |transient |ischemia |of |the | myocardium |that |occurs |unpredictably Progressive |venous |distension |of |the |head |and |upper |extremities |resulting |from |growth |of |a | cancerous |tumor |on |the |right |mainstem |bronchus |is |best |described |clinically |by: A. |Deep |vein |thrombosis B. |Spinal |shock C. |Superior |vena |cava |syndrome D. |Carcinoid |syndrome |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-C. |Superior |Vena |Cava |Syndrome The |most |common |cause |of |aneurysm |is: A. |External |Hematoma B. |Atherosclerosis |with |hypertension
C. |Genetics D. |Congestive |heart |failure |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-B. |Atherosclerosis |with |hypertension An |atherosclerotic |area |that |has |ruptured |is |termed |a: A. |Fibrous |plaque B. |Complicated |plaque C. |Fatty |streak D. |Aneurysm |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-B. |Complicated |plaque The |PR |Interval |represents |the |time |from: A. |The |onset |of |atrial |systole |to |the |completion |of |atrial |diastole B. |The |onset |of |atrial |systole |to |the |onset |of |ventricular |diastole C. |The |onset |of |atrial |systole |to |the |onset |of |ventricular |diastole D. |The |onset |of |atrial |systole |to |the |onset |of |ventricular |systole |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-D. |The |onset | of |atrial |systole |to |the |onset |of |ventricular |systole The |circumflex |artery |off |of |the |left |coronary |artery: A. |Left |atrium |and |ventricle
A. |Caused |by |coronary |artery |disease B. |A |sign |of |peripheral |artery |disease C. |An |attack |of |vasospasm |brought |on |by |the |cold D. |A |result |of |peripheral |neuropathy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-B. |A |sign |of |peripheral |artery |disease Stroke |volume: A. |Does |not |affect |the |cardiac |index B. |Is |equal |to |ESV |- |EDV C. |Does |not |vary |much D. |None |of |the |above |are |true |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-D. |None |of |the |above |are |true A |T |wave |relates |to |______ |and |shortly |precedes |the |closure |of |the |_____ |valves. A. |Ventricular |depolarization, |AV B. |Ventricular |depolarization, |SL C. |Ventricular |repolarization, |AV D. |Ventricular |repolarization, |SL
E. |None |of |the |above |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-D. |Ventricular |repolarization, |SL How |much |of |the |oxygen |carried |by |hemoglobin |in |the |blood |is |actually |transferred |to |the | myocardium? A. |10-20% B. |40-50% C. |70-75% D. |100% |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-C. |70-75% The |key |regulator |determining |if |a |muscle, |such |as |cardiac |muscle, |contracts |or |not |is |the |presence | of: A. |Ca++ B. |ATP C. |K+ D. |Epinephrine |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-A. |Ca++ Myocardial |hibernation |is |best |described |as: A. |Myocardial |cells |that |are |persistently |ischemic |and |undergo |metabolic |adaptation |to |prolong | survival B. |Hypertrophy |that |occurs |with |loss |of |contractile |function
a. |Calcium |channel |blockers b. |Beta |blockers c. |Ace |inhibitors |or |ARBs d. |Diuretics |such |as |Thiazide |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-b. |Beta |Blockers STEMI |would |most |likely |present |with: a. |Inverted |T |waves |and |Q |waves b. |Peaked |T |waves c. |Marked |ST |segment |elevation d. |Absence |of |troponin |I |or |T |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-c. |Marked |ST |segment |elevation What |area |of |the |myocardium |is |affected |by |STEMI? a. |Transmural |(entire |wall |thickness) b. |Subendothelial |area c. |Just |the |right |side d. |Only |the |atria |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-a. |Transmural |(entire |wall |thickness)
Which |of |the |following |is |a |correct |statement |regarding |baroreceptor |reflex |activity |on |the |heart? a. |A |drop |in |blood |pressure |would |result |in |release |of |natriuretic |peptides b. |A |drop |in |blood |pressure |would |result |in |reflex |to |decrease |heart |rate, |contractility, |and |peripheral |resistance c. |A |rise |in |blood |pressure |would |result |in |reflex |to |increase |heart |rate, |contractility |, |and |peripheral | resistance d. |A |drop |in |blood |pressure |would |result |in |reflex |to |increase |heart |rate, |contractility, |and |peripheral | resistance |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-d. |A |drop |in |blood |pressure |would |result |in |reflex |to |increase | heart |rate, |contractility, |and |peripheral |resistance The |development |of |atherosclerotic |plaques |involve |the |formation |of |foam |cells, |which |are |best | described |as: A. |Transformed |fibroblasts B. |Cytokine |secreting |adipose |cells C. |Macrophages |that |engulf |oxidized |LDL D. |Endothelial |cells |that |produce |the |gas |nitric |oxide |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-C. |Macrophages |that | engulf |oxidized |LDL The |isovolumetric |contraction |phase |of |the |cardiac |life |cycle |occurs: A. |During |atrial |systole B. |When |the |AV |valves |are |closed
A. |Fat B. |Amniotic |Fluid C. |Air D. |Bateria, |especially |within |clots E. |All |of |the |above |can |become |an |embolus |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-E. |All |of |the |above |can |become | an |embolus An |increase |in |Ca++ |influx, |brought |about |by |catecholamines |binding |to |beta |receptors |on |the | myocardium |will |result |in: A. |An |increase |in |cardiac |contractility B. |An |increase |in |speed |of |heart |rate |and |electrical |conduction |through |the |heart C. |An |increase |in |preload D. |Both |an |increase |in |contractility |and |heart |rate |/ |conduction |speed |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-D. | Both |an |increase |in |contractility |and |heart |rate |/ |conduction |speed Myocardial |infarction |that |shows |an |inverted |T |wave |and |ST |segment |depression |is |most |likely |a | result |of: A. |Non-STEMI |(Non-ST |elevation |myocardial |infarction) B. |STEMI |(ST |segment |elevation |myocardial |infarction)
C. |Transmural |myocardial |infarction D. |Myocardial |stunning |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-A. |Non-STEMI |(Non-ST |elevation |myocardial | infarction) The |T |wave |is |an |electrical |recording |resulting |from: a. |Ventricular |depolarization b. |Ventricular |repolarization c. |Atrial |depolarization d. |Atrial |repolarization |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-a. |Ventricular |repolarization As |a |result |of |the |Starling |effect, |stroke |volume |should |increase |following |an |increase |in: a. |Mean |arterial |pressure |(MAP) b. |Heart |rate c. |Sympathetic |activity d. |Afterload e. |Preload |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-e. |Preload The |light |band |in |cardiac |and |skeletal |muscle |that |varies |by |degree |of |contraction |is |termed |the:
D. |Increases |at |less |severe |(O2 |sat>50%) |but |decreases |at |more |severe |hypoxemia. |- |VERIFIED | ANSWER✔✔-D. |Increases |at |less |severe |(O2 |sat |> |50%) |but |decreases |at |more |severe |hypoxemia A |common |and |overlooked |cause |of |chronic |orthostatic |hypertension |is: A. |Abdominal |aneurysm B. |Cerebral |aneurysm |in |the |Circle |of |Willis C. |Increased |peripheral |resistance |caused |by |peripheral |vascular |disease D. |Autonomic |neuropathy |in |persons |with |diabetes. |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-D. |Autonomic | neuropathy |in |persons |with |diabetes Secondary |hypertension |is |best |described |as: A. |Of |unknown |causes B. |As |a |result |of |an |identifiable |condition |such |as |pheochromocytoma. C. |The |most |common |cause |of |hypertension |in |the |United |States. D. |Not |likely |to |affect |the |heart. |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-B. |As |a |result |of |an |identifiable |condition | such |as |pheochromocytoma Which |of |the |following |factors |is |NOT |commonly |associated |with |the |development |of |hypertension? A. |Obesity B. |Insulin |resistance
C. |Altered |Natriuretic |peptide |hormones |and |salt |retention D. |High |dietary |levels |of |Ca++ |K+ |and |Mg+ |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-D. |High |dietary |levels |of |Ca++, |K+, | and |Mg+ Your |patient |with |a |history |of |coronary |artery |disease |and |regular |chest |pain |brought |on |by |exercise | of |certain |duration |now |has |significant |and |worsening |chest |pain, |sweating, |and |mild |dyspnea. |Which | of |the |following |statements |is |true |regarding |this |patient? A. |He |has |unstable |angina B. |He |is |at |significant |risk |of |an |infarction |soon C. |The |pain |is |a |signal |that |an |atherosclerotic |plaque |has |just |ruptured |in |a |coronary |vein D. |All |of |the |above |are |true |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-D. |All |of |the |above |are |true In |cardiac |muscle, |Na+ |inactivation |gates |will |open |again |following |another |depolarization |to | potentially |occur |when: A. |The |membrane |potential |reaches |0mV. B. |When |the |membrane |returns |to |resting |potential C. |K+ |channels |are |closed D. |Membrane |potential |reaches |threshold |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-B. |When |the |membrane |returns |to |resting |potential
E. |All |of |the |above |are |risk |factors |for |varicose |veins |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-E. |All |of |the |above |are | risk |factors |for |varicose |veins The |cells |of |the |cardiac |conduction |system |(SA |node, |AV |node, |Purkinje |fibers) |have |a |unique | property |that |allows |a |steady |leakage |toward |depolarization |during |the |diastolic |phase |of |the |cardiac | cycle. |This |property |is |called: A. |Automaticity B. |Excitability C. |Refractory |periods D. |Preload |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-A. |Automaticity Arterial |chemoreceptors |within |the |aortic |arch |and |carotid |arteries: A. |Increase |heart |rate, |stroke |volume |and |blood |pressure |in |response |to |decreased |oxygen |or | increased |CO2 |levels B. |Will |stimulate |vascular |smooth |muscle |constriction |in |response |to |low |oxygen |levels C. |Detects |oxygen, |but |not |CO2 |or |hydrogen |ion |levels |in |the |plasma D. |Triggers |the |release |of |insulin |when |hyperglycemia |is |detected |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-A. |Increase | heart |rate, |stroke |volume |and |blood |pressure |in |response |to |decreased |oxygen |or |increased |CO2 | levels The |portion |of |troponin |that |binds |the |troponin |complex |to |actin |and |is |released |into |the |plasma | during |cardiac |cell |damage |(and |is |a |useful |indicator |of |an |acute |MI) |is |troponin:
A. |I
B. |M
C. |C
D. |T |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-D. |"T"
As |a |wave |of |action |potentials |travel |from |the |atria |into |the |ventricles, |it |is |momentarily |delayed |by | about |0.1 |seconds |as |a |result |of |slow |conduction |through |the: A. |SA |node B. |AV |Node C. |Atrioventricular |bundle |(of |his) D. |Left |and |right |bundle |branches E. |Purkinje |fibers |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-B. |AV |Node The |area |that |connects |cardiac |fibers |to |one |another |as |well |as |electrically |connecting |them |is | termed: A. |The |z |disc B. |The |M |line
