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BIO|| 331 || Exam|| 1 || with|| precise || detailed ||
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Typological || thinking || - || Correct || answer || ✔based || on || the || idea || that || species || are || unchanging || types || and || that || variations || within || species || are || unimportant || or || even || misleading Species || concept || - || Correct || answer || ✔like || grouped || with || like || based || on || shared || appearance || and || actions || as || well || as || categorization || of || behavior Inheritance || of || acquired || characteristics || - || Correct || answer || ✔Lamarckian || belief || that || characteristics || acquired || during || the || lifetime || of || an || organism || can || be || passed || on || to || offspring Cultural || evolution || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || adaptive || changes || of || cultures || in || response || to || environmental || changes || over || time Natural || selection || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || process || in || which || individuals || that || have || certain || inherited || traits || tend || to || survive || and || reproduce || at || higher || rates || than || other || individuals || because || of || those || traits. Sexual || selection || - || Correct || answer || ✔the || variation || in || fitness || that || can || be || explained || by || how || sexes || compete || for || mating || with || the || opposite || sex
Survival || of || the || fittest || - || Correct || answer || ✔Process || by || which || individuals || that || are || better || suited || to || their || environment || survive || and || reproduce || most || successfully; || also || called || natural || selection Heritability || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || proportion || of || variation || among || individuals || that || we || can || attribute || to || genes. || The || heritability || of || a || trait || may || vary, || depending || on || the || range || of || populations || and || environments || studied. Ethology || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || scientific || study || of || how || animals || behave, || particularly || in || natural || environments. Ethogram || - || Correct || answer || ✔a || catalog || or || inventory || of || all || of || the || behaviors || an || animal || exhibits || in || its || natural || environment Sign || stimulus || - || Correct || answer || ✔an || external || sensory || stimulus || that || triggers || a || fixed || action || pattern Imprinting || - || Correct || answer || ✔the || process || by || which || certain || animals || form || attachments || during || a || critical || period || very || early || in || life Fixed || action || pattern || - || Correct || answer || ✔In || animal || behavior, || a || sequence || of || unlearned || acts || that || is || essentially || unchangeable || and, || once || initiated, || usually || carried || to || completion. Niko || Tinbergen || - || Correct || answer || ✔contributed || to || the || study || of || instinct || and || to || the || four || central || questions || we || can || ask || about || animal || behavior
Evolution || - || Correct || answer || ✔Ultimate || = || history || (shared || ancestry) || long || term Function || - || Correct || answer || ✔Ultimate || = || current || value || (survival, || reproduction) || long || term Sociobiology || - || Correct || answer || ✔the || systematic || study || of || how || biology || affects || human || social || behavior Comparative || psychology || - || Correct || answer || ✔area || of || psychology || in || which || the || psychologists || study || animals || and || their || behavior || for || the || purpose || of || comparing || and || contrasting || it || to || human || behavior Kin || selection || - || Correct || answer || ✔the || idea || that || behaviors || that || help || a || genetic || relative || are || favored || by || natural || selection Gene || flow || - || Correct || answer || ✔movement || of || alleles || from || one || population || to || another Group || selection || - || Correct || answer || ✔notion, || largely || discredited || by || the || rise || of || Darwinian || theory, || proposing || that || animals || act || for || the || good || of || their || social || group || or || of || their || species Selfishness || - || Correct || answer || ✔Self-interest || and || concern || with || individual || needs/wants || which || excludes || considering || those || of || others
Genetic || drift || - || Correct || answer || ✔random || change || in || allele || frequencies || that || occurs || in || small || populations Fitness || - || Correct || answer || ✔Ability || of || an || organism || to || survive || and || reproduce || in || its || environment Proximate || explanation || - || Correct || answer || ✔an || explanation || that || focuses || on || understanding || the || immediate || causes || of || a || behavior Ultimate || explanation || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || historical || explanations || of || the || processes || that || led || to || the || evolution || of || an || adaptation. Organizational || effect || - || Correct || answer || ✔permanent || and || occur || early || in || development activational || effects || - || Correct || answer || ✔transient || and || occur || throughout || life Phylogeny || (Phylogenetics) || - || Correct || answer || ✔Evolutionary || history || of || a || group || of || organisms Clade || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || group || of || species || that || includes || an || ancestral || species || and || all || its || descendants. Parent-offspring || study || - || Correct || answer || ✔a || correlational || study || design
Developmental-isolation || study || - || Correct || answer || ✔a || experimental || study ability || to || isolate || degree || of || genetic || control || is || excellent animals || are || born/hatched/reared || with || no || opportunity || to || learn || environmental || stimuli, || with || the || prediction || that || their || only || way || to || 'know' || to || respond || proper || stimuli || is || if || is || 'innate' Maternal || effect || - || Correct || answer || ✔naturally || transmitted || non-genetic || molecules || from || mother || to || offspring || that || affect || offspring || development || and || phenotype Nature || versus || nurture || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || debate || surrounding || the || relative || importance || of || heredity || (nature) || and || environment || (nurture) || in || determining || behavior Communication || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || process || through || which || you || send || messages || to || and || receive || messages || from || others. Epigenetics || - || Correct || answer || ✔the || study || of || changes || in || organisms || caused || by || modification || of || gene || expression || rather || than || alteration || of || the || genetic || code || itself. Cross-fostering || study || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || behavioral || study || in || which || the || young || of || one || species || are || placed || in || the || care || of || adults || from || another || species.
Deceit || - || Correct || answer || ✔the || action || or || practice || of || deceiving || someone || by || concealing || or || misrepresenting || the || truth Occurs || among || members || of || opposite || species, || do || not || share || genes || in || common Eavesdropping/exploitation || - || Correct || answer || ✔Unintended || receivers || can || pick || up || on || signals || sent || by || senders, || and || use || them || to || their || advantage, || at || the || detriment || of || signal || sender Spite || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || simple || exchange || of || information || that || harms || both || the || sender || and || receiver, || both || of || which || are || not || family || members Visual || communication || - || Correct || answer || ✔Form || of || communication || between || animals || using || their || bodies, || includes || various || forms || of || display Chemical || communication || - || Correct || answer || ✔communication || through || the || use || of || chemical || signals, || such || as || pheramones Auditory || communication || - || Correct || answer || ✔Sound || that || an || animal || makes || for || the || purpose || of || sending || a || message || to || another || individual Electrical || communication || - || Correct || answer || ✔occurs || via || ion || exchange || and || the || generation || of || membrane || potentials || down || the || length || of || the || axon best || transmitted || in || water
Cue || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || signal || for || something || to || happen Honest || communication || - || Correct || answer || ✔Communication || is || the || successful || transfer || of || information || from || one || individual || to || another; || honest || communication || - || when || the || information || being || transferred || is || an || accurate/complete || version || of || the || situation; || ex. || Ornament || that || reflects || an || estimate || of || quality || that || is || consistent || with || that || individual's || ability || to || survive || and || reproduce || under || the || current || circumstances Dishonest || communication || - || Correct || answer || ✔ Index || signal || - || Correct || answer || ✔these || signals || (sometimes || referred || to || as || 'unfakeable' || or || 'assessment' || signals) || are || intrinsically || anchored || to || an || animal's || anatomy || or || physiology || by || physical || constraints. || Such || signals || are || usually || based || on || some || structure || that || has || been || grown || over || an || extended || period || and || which || allows || recipients || to || assess || the || signaler's || resource-holding || potential. || The || cost || that || stabilizes || reliability || is || thus || paid || over || the || course || of || development, || such || as || through || investment || in || size || or || generation || of || a || specific || bodily || organ. || An || example || of || index || signals || is || the || frequency || of || vocalizations || in || frogs, || where || pitch || depth || is || constrained || by || the || mass || of || the || vocal || chords, || providing || a || reliable || indicator || of || size. Handicap || principle || - || Correct || answer || ✔the || principle || that || the || greater || the || handicap || an || individual || carries, || the || greater || its || ability || must || be || to || offset || that || handicap Differential || costs || - || Correct || answer || ✔with || two || or || more || alternatives, || costs || that || differ || among || or || between || alternatives
Mutual || mate || choice || - || Correct || answer || ✔when || both || sexes || have || ornaments Male-male || competition || - || Correct || answer || ✔a || form || of || sexual || selection || in || which || males || compete || with || one || another || directly || or || indirectly || for || access || to || females Female-female || competition || - || Correct || answer || ✔a || form || of || sexual || selection || in || which || females || compete || one || another || directly || or || indirectly || for || access || to || males Sensory || bias || - || Correct || answer || ✔Females || have || preference || for || certain || trait || and || then || males || develop || exaggeration || of || that || trait Unreliable || signal || hypothesis || - || Correct || answer || ✔any || one || signal || is || unreliable || indicator || of || quality || and || may || have || evolved || via || a || different || pathway || (i.e. || runaway || selection) || but || the || signals || are || relatively || uncostly || to || produce || and || there || is || a || weak || female || preference || for || them || to || now || jointly || capture || overall || quality Multiple || message || hypothesis || - || Correct || answer || ✔two || signals || evolved || to || relay || different || information || about || the || sender || to || the || receiver. || One || signal || may || reveal || nutritional || state || while || the || other || reveals || genetic || quality Redundant || signal || hypothesis || - || Correct || answer || ✔both || signals || convey || the || same || information, || but || are || not || always || perceivable || based || on || environmental || noise. || thus, || on || average, || if || you || have || two || signals || revealing || the || same || thing, || even || under || poor || conditions || the || idea || would || be || that || one || of || the || signals || would || still || be || perceived || and || used
Sexual || dimorphism || - || Correct || answer || ✔Differences || between || the || sexes || in || secondary || sexual || characteristics. the || more || different || the || sexes || are || in || certain || traits, || the || more || intense || the || sexual || selection || pressure Ecological || sexual || dimorphism || - || Correct || answer || ✔ Aposematic || signals || - || Correct || answer || ✔primarily || visual, || using || bright || colours || and || high-contrast || patterns || such || as || stripes Non-sexual || status || signaling || - || Correct || answer || ✔ Scramble || competition || polygyny || - || Correct || answer || ✔males || competing || with || each || other || to || get || to || females || that || are || widely || distributed || (ex- || frogs || all || jumping || on || female || frog || to || mate) Endurance || rivalry || - || Correct || answer || ✔reproductive || success || of || a || male || will || be || directly || correlated || with || the || amount || of || time || that || he || spends || copulating || or || the || amount || of || time || spent || at || the || mating || site Direct || combat || - || Correct || answer || ✔males || battle || for || access || to || females Fisherian || runaway || process || - || Correct || answer || ✔a || way || to || explain || the || evolution || of || perplexing || and || costly || colors, || sounds, || and || smells || of || animals
Indicator || process || - || Correct || answer || ✔ Direct || benefits || - || Correct || answer || ✔benefits || that || affect || a || particular || female || directly, || such || as || food, || nest || sites, || or || protection Indirect || benefits || - || Correct || answer || ✔benefits || that || affect || the || genetic || quality || of || a || particular || female's || offspring, || such || as || male || offspring || that || are || more || desirable || to || females Operational || sex || ratio || - || Correct || answer || ✔the || ratio || of || male || to || female || individuals || who || are || available || for || reproducing || at || any || given || time Female || mate || choice || - || Correct || answer || ✔females || are || picky || and || choose || a || breeding || partner Good || genes || hypothesis || - || Correct || answer || ✔the || hypothesis || that || an || individual || chooses || a || mate || that || possesses || a || superior || genotype females || mate || polyandrously || to || produce || offspring || of || higher || genetic || quality || or || viability. Sex || role || reversal || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || mating || system || in || which || females || actively || court || males, || often || associated || with || male || parental || care. Ritualization || - || Correct || answer || ✔The || process || of || co-opting || and || modifying || behaviors || used || in || another || context || by || increasing || the || conspicuousness || of || the || behavior, || reducing || the || amount || of || variation || in || the || behavior || so || that || it || can || be ||
Dominance || hierarchy || - || Correct || answer || ✔ordering || of || individuals || within || a || group || in || which || group || members || with || lower || status || defer || to || those || with || greater || status Autocommunication || - || Correct || answer || ✔communication || with || one || self, || occurs || in || 2 || contexts
- || echolocation
- || territorial || or || trail || markers || for || orientation ex: || ant || might || leave || pheromone || trail || to || use || it || again Chase-away || selection || - || Correct || answer || ✔That || there || is || a || constant || war || between || males || and || females || termed || sexual || conflict || where || males || are || often || selected || to || take || advantage || of || females || for || their || own || personal || fitness || benefits. || On || the || other || hand, || females || are || often || evolving || ways || to || detect || such || exploitation || and || demand || informative || signals || and || beneficial || content || from || males Sexual || conflict || - || Correct || answer || ✔the || evolution || of || phenotypic || characteristics || that || confer || a || fitness || benefit || to || one || sex || but || a || fitness || cost || to || the || other
- || When || both || males || and || females || rear || the || young || together, || sexual || conflict, || conflict || between || the || sexes, || is || more || common Supernormal || stimulus || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || stimulus || that || is || more || effective || at || triggering || the || fixed || action || pattern || than || the || actual || stimulus || found || in || nature. suggested || males || take || advantage || of || the || biases || already || present || in || female || sensory || machinery
Mutual || sexual || selection || - || Correct || answer || ✔Both || sexes || have || ornaments || / || bright || colors, || are || monogamous, || care || for || offspring Mating || system || - || Correct || answer || ✔the || way || in || which || a || group || organizes || its || sexual || behavior || and || sexual || relationships Monogamy || - || Correct || answer || ✔marriage || with || one || mate || at || a || time Polygyny || - || Correct || answer || ✔One || male, || several || females. Polyandry || - || Correct || answer || ✔One || female, || several || males. Promiscuity || - || Correct || answer || ✔Having || many || sexual || partners || without || commitment Polygynandry || - || Correct || answer || ✔multiple || males, || multiple || females Serial || hermaphroditism || - || Correct || answer || ✔assume || only || one || sex || at || any || given || time, || but || they || can || change || between || sexes || throughout || their || lifetimes. || Can || either || begin || as || males || and || later || transform || into || females || called || protandry || or || vice || versa || called || protogyny
Mate || guarding || hypothesis || - || Correct || answer || ✔males || stay || with || a || female || to || protect || her || from || being || fertilized || by || other || males Extra-pair || fertilization || - || Correct || answer || ✔the || fertilization || of || eggs || resulting || from || matings || between || two || members || of || a || population || who || are || not || pair || bonded. Explosive || breeding || assemblage || - || Correct || answer || ✔A || mating || system || in || which || a || large || proportion || of || the || adult || female || population || becomes || receptive || on || one || or || a || very || few || days || of || the || year Genetic || compatibility || hypothesis || - || Correct || answer || ✔mating || with || several || males || increases || the || the || odds || of || receiving || genetically || compatible || sperm || a, || increasing || the || chance || that || some || sperm || will || have || DNA || that || is || an || especially || good || match || with || the || DNA || of || her || eggs Genetic || diversity || hypothesis || - || Correct || answer || ✔mating || with || more || males || provides || more || genetic || diversity || in || the || offspring || and || more || chance || they || can || adapt || to || changing || environments Inbreeding || avoidance || hypothesis || - || Correct || answer || ✔· || females || mate || polyandrously || to || avoid || inbreeding || with || their || social || partner Additional || resources || hypothesis || - || Correct || answer || ✔· || females || mate || polyandrously || to || gain || access || to || additional || resources, || the || more || males || a || female || mated || with || on || average, || the || more || spermatophores || she || received, || and || the || greater || her || production || of || eggs
Additional || care || hypothesis || - || Correct || answer || ✔· || females || mate || polyandrously || to || gain || more || caregivers || to || help || rear || young Infanticide || reduction || hypothesis || - || Correct || answer || ✔females || mate || polyandrously || to || create || greater || uncertainty || about || the || paternity || of || offspring || in || order || to || reduce || the || risk || if || infanticide Convenience || polyandry || - || Correct || answer || ✔females || struggle || with || males, || but || females || often || acquiesce || to || male || mating || attempts. || Species || where || male || harassment || is || common, || promiscuity || resulting || from || convenience || polyandry || may || result || of || sexual || conflict || between || males || and || females
