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BIO 320 EXAM 1 NEWEST EXAM 2025 | ALL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS |
ALREADY GRADED A+ | VERIFIED ANSWERS |
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The first appearance, or first identification, of a novel pathogen in a human population would be considered a/an: Opportunistic infection Nosocomial infection Zoonotic infection Emerging infection ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Emerging infection Regarding their likely sources, bacterial endospores are : ubiquitous (present)in the soil/environment associated with respiratory infections predominantly found in sewers scarce, and are therefore rare contaminants produced by many species of our normal microbiota ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------ubiquitous (present) in the soil/environment Bacterial endospores are specialzed structures produced by some bacteria for: reproduction Correct answer: survival in harsh environments nutrient storage motility Attachment ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------survival in harsh environments
Choose all of the correct statements which describe features of bacterial endospores. they are associated with diseases like anthrax and pseudomembranous colitis they are highly resistant to disinfection they are found throughout the environment (i.e soil) they can survive for long periods of time they are deactivated by hand sanitizers ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------- --------they are associated with diseases like anthrax and pseudomembranous colitis they are highly resistant to disinfection they are found throughout the environment (i.e soil) they can survive for long periods of time If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment, the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is the : endospore cell wall cell membrane capsule slime layer ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------cell wall The bacterial chromosome... is located in the cell membrane contains all the cell's plasmids is part of the nucloid forms a single linear strand of DNR all the above are correct ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------is part of the nucloid Cyanobacteria differ from most other bacteria because they contain: endospores chlorophyll a
semi-osmotic permeability barrier all of the above ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------all of the above Name the genus of bacteria which produces endospores and includes pathogens which cause botulism, tetanus, and gas gangrene (spell correctly). ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Clostridium Formation of a bacterial endospore (in a capable species): requires that the bacterium first completely divide takes several days to complete is triggered by a local depletion of nutrients (carbon/nitrogen) produces multiple spores from a single bacterium all of the above ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------is triggered by a local depletion of nutrients (carbon/nitrogen) Movement of a cell toward a chemical stimulus is termed: phototaxis taxis chemotaxis tumble none of the above ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------chemotaxis A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is Mycobacterium Mycoplasma Streptococcus Corynebacterium Salmonella ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Mycobacterium Which is not a part of the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria?
porins phospholipids lipopolysaccharide teichoic acids all are parts of the Gram negative outer membrane ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------teichoic acids The Gram stain is a differential stain which highlights differences in bacterial: DNA ribosome cell walls motility nutrient storage ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------cell walls Serological analysis for bacterial identification of Gram negative bacteria frequently involves recognition of unique: bacterial ribosomes O-saccharide portions of the LPS inner-membrane phospholipids Lipid A portions of the LPS Plasmids ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------O-saccharide portions of the LPS A term that refers to flagella at both poles (ends) of the cell is: amphitrichous atrichous lophotrichous monotrichous Peritrichous ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------amphitrichous
Streptobacilli ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Streptococcus pyogenes Which of the following microbe groups possess eukaryotic cell structure? Indicate all that apply. protozoa viruses bacteria archeans fungi Algae ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Protozoa Fungi Algae Which group of microorganisms is composed primarily of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering? viruses bacteria parasites fungi Yeasts ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------viruses What is the acronym given to proposed primordial cell which led to the 3 Domains of Life? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------LUCA Species which lack a membrane-bound nucleus in their cells are called: prokaryotes pathogens eukaryotes Fermenters ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------prokaryotes
Which of the following represents the correct way to write/indicate the genus/species designation of a microorganism? Staphylococcus Aureus Staphylococcus aureus staphylococcus Aureus Staphylococcus aureus Staphyloccus aureus ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Staphyloccus aureus Which area of biology states that living things undergo gradual structural and functional changes over long periods of time? morphology phylogeny evolution genetics none of the above ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------evolution All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that: cause human disease lack a cell nucleus are infectious particles are too small to be seen with the unaided eye can only be grown in laboratories ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- are too small to be seen with the unaided eye Between 1920 and today, there has been a decline in infectious disease as a leading cause of death in developed countries. Choose all the developments which have contributed to this decline. the development and use of antibiotics the development and use of vaccines public health/sanitation programs access to proper nutrition
Which of the following pioneers made contributions to Microbiology before the year 1700? Robert Koch Antony van Leeuwenhoek Louis Pasteur Edward Jenner Ignaz Semmelweiss ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Antony van Leeuwenhoek To which Domain of Life do viruses belong? Bacteria Eukarya Archaea Virologica None ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------None Which group of microorganisms is composed primarily of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering? viruses bacteria parasites fungi Yeasts ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------viruses Match the following pioneers of microbiology with their accomplishments. Ignaz Semmelweiss: Louis Pasteur: Joseph Lister: Robert Koch: Edward Jenner
- Discovery of the role of microbes in fermentation
- Benefits of handwashing in reducing disease transmission:
- Credited with first demonstration of a sucessful vaccine
- Development of a scientific process for assigning specific microbes to diseases
- Beneficial attributes of chemical disinfection in reducing disease transmission ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Ignaz Semmelweiss: Benefits of handwashing in reducing disease transmission Louis Pasteur: Discovery of the role of microbes in fermentation Joseph Lister: Beneficial attributes of chemical disinfection in reducing disease transmission Robert Koch: Development of a scientific process for assigning specific microbes to diseases Edward Jenner: Credited with first demonstration of a sucessful vaccine Which of the following represent the most common source of Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) into the human population? environmental microbes from aquatic (water) sources environmental microbes from terrestrial (land) sources zoonotic diseases in wild animal populations plant microbes (pathogens) None of the above, EIDs do not occur in human populations. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------zoonotic diseases in wild animal populations Which of the following taxonomic groups contains organisms with the greatest genetic similarity? family domain genus class Species ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------species The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called: decomposers
ammonia Oxygen ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------oxygen Which activity is an example of biotechnology? bacteria in the soil secreting an antibiotic to kill competitors a microbiologist using the microscope to study bacteria Egyptians using moldy bread on wounds genetic engineering of bacteria to produce human insulin public health officials monitoring diseases in a community --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------genetic engineering of bacteria to produce human insulin Which statement(s) accurately describe the relationship of bacteria to archaea? Choose all that apply. both are members of the same Domain of life both have cell walls made of peptidoglycan both are prokaryotic archaea are generally better adapted to harsh environments than bacteria bacteria are believed to have diverged from the Last Universal Common Ancestor before archaea ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------both are prokaryotic archaea are generally better adapted to harsh environments than bacteria bacteria are believed to have diverged from the Last Universal Common Ancestor before archaea (unsure) The Germ Theory asserts that human disease is the result of: the influence of miasmas (foul vapors) supernatural influences the action of unseen microbes unclean behavior spontaneous generation ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------the action of unseen microbes
The development of the first vaccine for Smallpox in 1796 was principally due to: the application of the Germ Theory of disease randomized testing of a variety of putative vaccines the application of inductive reasoning regarding infections with related virus the discovery and visualization of viruses ---------CORRECT ANSWER------- ----------the application of inductive reasoning regarding infections with related virus Carl Woose developed a classification for living organisms which places each organism into 1 of three Domains. This classification system is based on: the presence or absence of a nucleus in the cells of an organism the nucleotide sequence of the 16S ribosomal RNA from the organism the type of cell walls present within the organism the method of reproduction of the organism the method of motility of the organism ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------- ------the nucleotide sequence of the 16S ribosomal RNA from the organism Regarding the taxonomy of life, which kingdom is the only one which contains prokaryotes and not eukaryotes? (This is the same kingdom to which bacteria would belong). Monera Protist Fungi Plant Animal ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Monera Organisms which cause disease in debilitated hosts (i.e. people with immune deficiency or underlying medical conditions), but generally do not cause disease in healthy individuals, are referred to as _______ ________ ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------opportunistic pathogens
is powered by the Proton Motive Force is a property of all bacterial species ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------------- ---is powered by the Proton Motive Force (PMF) Indicate all of the following features which are associated with endotoxin: relatively heat resistant composed of protein ubiquitous in the environment produced by all bacterial species only found in endospores can be an inducer of septic shock ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- relatively heat resistant ubiquitous in the environment can be an inducer of septic shock What is the Svedberg (mass) designation [___S] given to an assembled prokaryotic ribosome? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------70S What effect does Penicillin have on bacterial cell walls? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------inhibits the crosslinking of rows of NAG-NAM building blocks Organisms lacking peptidoglycan would be resistant to which group of antibiotics? protein synthesis inhibitors DNA synthesis inhibitors cell wall synthesis inhibitors membrane synthesis inhibitors nucleotide synthesis inhibitors ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------cell wall synthesis inhibitors
Regarding interaction between microbes (bacteria) and human populations, some bacteria can produce _____on common or medical surfaces which can increase their pathogenicity by inhibiting their removal and making them harder to kill with antibiotics. ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
- biofilms Attachment of bacteria to a host cell or each other is a necessary step in subsequent colonization or mutual interaction. Which of the following does not facilitate bacterial adhesion? a pilus (pili) a polysaccharide capsule (glycocalyx) fimbria cellular membrane ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------cellular membrane Choose all of the correct traits of a plasmid. plasmids are comprised of protein plasmids are found in bacterial membranes plasmids are circular pieces of DNA plasmids are found in every bacterium plasmids may contain genes for pathogenicity plasmid is another name for the bacterial chromosome ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------plasmids are circular pieces of DNA plasmids may contain genes for pathogenicity Regarding prokaryotic ribosomes, indicate all the features/functions associated with the small ribosomal subunit: it is called the 50S subunit initial binding to mRNA contains 16S ribosomal RNA contains the catalytic subunit of the ribosome considered the 70S subunit ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------initial binding to mRNA
Sarcodinia (amoeboid) None of the above contain human pathogens ---------CORRECT ANSWER- ----------------Ciliophora (cilliated) Which of the following is a common feature to protozoa and fungi, but not algae? motile heterotrophic multicelluar eukaryotic hard cell walls ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------heterotrophic Blooms of certain alga are associated with all of the following except Paralytic shellfish poisoning Red tides Ciguatera Pfiesteria piscicida Amoebic dysentery ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Amoebic dysentery When a eukaryotic cells is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible thread-like mass called the cristae nucleosome nucleolus nucleoplasm Chromatin ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Chromatin Indicate which of the following features are common characteristics of fungi (indicate all that apply). possess cell walls are photosynthetic
may exist as filamentous or single-celled species utilize heterotrophic nutrition are identified (at the species level) based on method of motility --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------possess cell walls may exist as filamentous or single-celled species utilize heterotrophic nutrition A risk factor for contracting a systemic mycosis would be: being allergic to spores having athlete's foot being immunosuppressed being a microbiologist being a consumer (eating) of fungi ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
- being immunosuppressed Amoebic dysentery is most commonly contracted through the... fecal oral route from contaminated food or water direct transmissions from one host to another puncture wounds insect bites none of the above are correct ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- fecal oral route from contaminated food or water The role DNA sequence known as an enhancer is to bind initiation factors for DNA synthsis factors which promote transcription specificity factors for RNA splicing the ribosome ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------factors which promote transcription Fungal species which are considered dimorphic: are non-pathogenic
