


















Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
What fluid comes out of the glomerulus? - ✔✔filtrate What is filtrate? - ✔✔mostly water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste products. Glucose is normal in filtrate. -similar to blood plasma Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop - ✔✔Only water is absorbed in the descending limb. Na+ chloride is absorbed in the ascending limb (no water). Status of water coming out of nephron loop? - ✔✔@ Lowest concentration (diluted) Process taking place in nephron loop? - ✔✔Countercurrent mechanism (dilutes the urine). Can also create concentrated urine from the Na+ absorbed in the ascending limb. tubular secretion - ✔✔-selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in renal tubules and collecting ducts -From blood to tubular -Usually in the distal tubule -K+, H+, Uric acid, Penicillin are secretedHormones that regulate kidney function - ✔✔directly : ADH Aldosterone ANH
Typology: Exams
1 / 26
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
What fluid comes out of the glomerulus? - ✔✔filtrate What is filtrate? - ✔✔mostly water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste products. Glucose is normal in filtrate.
Hormones that regulate kidney function - ✔✔directly : ADH Aldosterone ANH indirectly : Renin (created by kidney) Angiotensin Aldosterone function - ✔✔-decreases sodium and water loss in urine by returning sodium and water to the blood Aldosterone: Target Cells - ✔✔kidneys ANH function - ✔✔Tells kidneys that blood volume is too high, so dumps out H and Na+ Effects of ADH - ✔✔increases reabsorption of water from urine back into plasma and therefore, decreases the volume of water that is excreted
function of upper respiratory tract - ✔✔filters, warms, and humidifies air function of lower respiratory tract - ✔✔Transports air to lungs for gas exchange Upper respiratory structures - ✔✔nasal naries, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx Lower respiratory structures - ✔✔trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lungs, bronchiole tree Proximal tubule function - ✔✔tubular reabsorption, it reabsorbs from the filtrate the "good stuff" and puts it back into the blood Glomerulus function - ✔✔produces ultra filtrate which then passes through tubules. Capsules block passage of red blood cells and large molecules like protein distal convoluted tubule function - ✔✔secretion Urine normal range - ✔✔book says 6 : (4.5-8) Substances that should not be found in filtrate - ✔✔Protein, blood
substances that should not be found in urine - ✔✔blood, protein, glucose Aldosterone - ✔✔Hormone that stimulates the kidney to retain sodium ions and water
Parts of the brain - ✔✔cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, diencephalon The parts of the brain stem are - ✔✔pons, midbrain, medulla oblongata brain stem function - ✔✔1. control heartbeat (cardiac center) 2.breathing (RR) 3.blood pressure (vasomotor center) medulla oblongata function - ✔✔regulating vital function (breathing, digestion, heart rate) midbrain function - ✔✔relay center for visual/auditory impulses/motor control Pons function - ✔✔Management of sleep, arousal, and facial expressions. (4) Cerebellum function - ✔✔process and store information, coordinates voluntary movements (posture, balance, speech) diencephalon function - ✔✔memory processing and emotional response
parts of diencephalon - ✔✔thalamus and hypothalamus Thalamus function - ✔✔sensory relay station hypothalamus function - ✔✔water balance/bp/temp regulation/hunger/thirst/sex. cerebrum function - ✔✔thinking, personality, sensations, movements, memory longitudinal fissure - ✔✔separates the two hemispheres corpus collosum function - ✔✔Connect right and left hemispheres to allow communication (white matter) Lobes of the brain - ✔✔frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal temporal function - ✔✔hearing/auditory
ventricle root of spinal nerve - ✔✔motor dorsal root of spinal nerve - ✔✔carries afferent (sensory) information mixed nerves - ✔✔contain both sensory and motor fibers trigemnial - ✔✔a mixed nerve Which cranial nerves are sensory? - ✔✔olfactory, optic, vestibulocochlear Which cranial nerves are motor? - ✔✔oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, accessory, hypoglossal parts of a nephron - ✔✔axon, dendrites, cell body dendrites function in neuron - ✔✔to receive signals to send to cell body axon function - ✔✔send signal from the neuron to the next cell cell body function and signal type - ✔✔location of nucleus and organelles and is an electrical signal type
autonomic nervous system - ✔✔sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system Affects of Sympathetic Nervous System - ✔✔Heart rate, Blood pressure, breathing, sweating Huge blood flow changes Senses and perception changes Parasympathetic NC is turned off or reduced affects of parasympathetic system - ✔✔ Meninges layers - ✔✔1. dura mater
When does the bicuspid valve close? - ✔✔When the left ventricle contracts When does the mitral valve open? - ✔✔When ventricular pressure drops below atrial pressure When do the semilunar valves open? - ✔✔when the pressure in the ventricles exceeds the pressure in the arteries When do the semilunar valves close? - ✔✔-When the pressure in the arteries is greater than the pressure in the ventricles
AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers EKG waves - ✔✔P: atrial activity PR: AV node QRS: ventricular activity T: repolarization of the ventricles U: may or may not be present EKG Waves/Intervals - ✔✔PR Interval: 0.12-0.20 Secs. QRS Interval: 0.12 Secs. how to measure cardiac output - ✔✔heart rate x stroke volume what can effect stroke volume? - ✔✔ what cell makes mucous? - ✔✔goblet cell Blood supply to the heart - ✔✔-Left Coronary Artery supplies blood to left heart wall
structures of the larynx - ✔✔vocal folds, hyoid bone, epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage CO2 transported in blood in three forms - ✔✔-7 to 10% dissolved in plasma
Residual Volume (RV) - ✔✔Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation Layers of the epidermis (superficial to deep) - ✔✔stratum corner, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light - ✔✔-Can result in damage to the DNA of cells in the stratum germinative
lysosomes Nucleus function - ✔✔The command center of the cell that contains the chromosomes or genetic material Mitochondria function - ✔✔ATP production/powerhouse of cell Ribosomes function - ✔✔site of protein synthesis Smooth ER function - ✔✔lipid synthesis Rough ER function - ✔✔modification and packaging of newly synthesized proteins Golgi bodies function - ✔✔-process and packages proteins and lipids
positive feedback loop - ✔✔Causes a system to change further in the same direction. negative feedback loop - ✔✔A feedback loop that causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving Cellular Transport Mechanisms - ✔✔-Diffusion