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Bio 250 Straighterline Exam Test 1 Prep
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Organisms called parasites are ______. Select one: a. always harmful to their host b. the decomposers in ecosystems c. always viruses d. free-living - Correct Answer-always harmful to their host Trees of life that illustrate the phylogenetic relationships of all organisms were traditionally based on ______; newer methods for determining phylogeny rely on ______. Select one: a. morphology; nucleic acid sequences b. nucleic acid sequences; morphology c. morphology; virology d. morphology; nutritional requirements e. nucleic acid sequences; microbiomes - Correct Answer-a. morphology; nucleic acid sequences What is the maximum number of electrons in the first energy shell of an atom? Select one: a. 2 b. 4 c. 8 d. 18 e. 32 - Correct Answer-a. 2 Which of the following is not true about enzymes? Select one: a. Enzymes are found in all cells. b. Enzymes are catalysts. c. Enzymes participate in the cell's chemical reactions. d. Enzymes can be denaturated by heat and other agents.
e. Enzymes have high-energy bonds between phosphates - Correct Answer-Enzymes have high-energy bonds between phosphates NASA has published a list of criteria for identifying fossil bacteria in samples from Mars, as part of a search for evidence of life. Which of the following is good evidence for the presence of bacterial cells? Select one: a. Cell size of 0.5 to 2 microns b. Three-dimensional organization of cells in a starburst pattern c. Absence of carbon in the material d. No evidence of water in the surrounding mineral - Correct Answer-a. Cell size of 0.5 to 2 microns Which type of medium would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria from a clinic to a laboratory for testing? Select one: a. Transport medium b. Eosin-methylene blue agar c. Blood agar d. Thioglycolate medium - Correct Answer-a. Transport medium The orderly arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy of taxa is called ______. Select one: a. classification b. identification c. nomenclature d. experimentation e. biotechnology - Correct Answer-a. classification A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus aureus into a culture medium. Following incubation, both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are determined to be growing in this culture. What is the most likely explanation? Select one: a. The microbiologist used too much inoculum. b. The culture was contaminated. c. The incubation temperature was incorrect.
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding protein structure? Select one: a. The interaction between various R groups of amino acids determines the primary structure of a protein. b. Beta-pleated sheets are a type of protein secondary structure. c. The folding of a protein to form its active site creates its tertiary structure. d. Proteins, such as antibodies that are comprised of multiple polypeptide chains, have quaternary structure. - Correct Answer-a. The interaction between various R groups of amino acids A scientist who studies the influence of microbes in the formation of caves is called a(n) ______. Select one: a. geomicrobiologist b. astrobiologist c. epidemiologist d. immunologist - Correct Answer-a. geomicrobiologist The alpha (α) helix is a type of _____ protein structure. Select one: a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary d. quaternary - Correct Answer-secondary A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is not chemically defined is termed ______. Select one: a. complex b. reducing c. enriched
d. synthetic - Correct Answer- The purpose of staining cells on a microscope slide is to ______. Select one: a. kill them b. secure them to the slide c. enlarge the cells d. add contrast to see them better e. observe motility - Correct Answer-d. add contrast to see them better A microbiologist must culture a patient's feces for intestinal pathogens. Which of the following components would likely be present in a selective medium for this purpose? Select one: a. NaCl b. Sheep red blood cells c. Bile salts d. Thioglycolic acid e. Peptone - Correct Answer-c. Bile salts A scanning confocal microscope Select one: a. uses ultraviolet light to form a specimen image. b. scans narrow planes and can build a three-dimensional image of the specimen. c. produces specimen images on electron micrographs. d. uses dyes that emit visible light when excited by ultraviolet radiation. - Correct Answer-b. scans narrow planes and can build a three-dimensional image of the specimen. Which area of biology states that living things undergo gradual structural and functional changes over long periods of time? Select one:
______ process. Select one: a. deductive b. inductive c. hypothetical d. pathogenic - Correct Answer-a. deductive Polar molecules are composed of covalently bonded Select one: a. identical atoms. b. carbon atoms. c. ions. d. atoms of different electronegativity. e. atoms of identical electronegativity. - Correct Answer-d. atoms of different electronegativity. Which scientic name is written correctly? Select one: a. Staphylococcus aureus b. staphylococcus aureus c. Staphylococcus Aureus d. Staphylococcus aureus e. S. aureus - Correct Answer-a. Staphylococcus aureus Differential media result in which of the following observable characteristics? Select one: a. Differently colored colonies b. Different media color after incubation c. Chemical precipitates d. Gas bubbles e. All of the choices are correct. - Correct Answer-e. All of the choices are correct. A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is not chemically dened is termed ______. Select one: a. complex b. reducing
c. enriched d. synthetic - Correct Answer-a. complex All cells contain Select one: a. ribosomes for protein synthesis. b. cell walls made of cellulose. c. uracil in their DNA. d. organelles for compartmentalization. e. mitochondria to generate ATP - Correct Answer-a. ribosomes for protein synthesis. The rst cells appeared about ___ billion years ago. Select one: a. 5 b. 4. c. 3. d. 2 e. 1 - Correct Answer-3. Taxonomy does not involve ______. Select one: a. nomenclature b. classication c. identication d. a common name - Correct Answer-d. a common name Compared to a solution of pH 9, a solution of pH 7 Select one: a. is more basic. b. has no OH ions. c. has more H+ ions. d. has a higher pH. - Correct Answer-c. has more H+ ions. A diagram of the three domains (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya) proceeding from the Last Universal Common Ancestor would show Archaea Select one:
Select one: a. Fatty acids b. Glycerol c. Phosphate d. Alcohol e. Hydroxyl - Correct Answer-a. Fatty acids Proteins function in modern cells as Select one: a. catalysts. b. hereditary information. c. structural elements. d. both catalysts and structural elements. - Correct Answer-d. both catalysts and structural elements. The use of enrichment cultures and selective media was pioneered by a. Beijerinck. b. Jenner. c. Pasteur. d. von Behring. - Correct Answer-Beijerinck. Which molecule is believed to have preceded the other three during the evolution of life? Select one: a. ATP b. Proteins c. DNA d. RNA - Correct Answer-d. RNA Protists contain all of the following forms of life EXCEPT Select one: a. protozoa. b. fungi. c. slime molds. d. algae. - Correct Answer-fungi.
Cells with a relatively complex morphology that have a true membrane-delimited nucleus are called Select one: a. prokaryotes. b. eukaryotes. c. urkaryotes. d. nokaryotes. - Correct Answer-b. eukaryotes. The ribosomal RNA studies that led to the division of prokaryotic organisms into the Bacteria and the Archaea were begun by Select one: a. Pasteur. b. Woese. c. Needham. d. Watson. - Correct Answer-b. Woese. A student is observing microorganisms in a sample of pond water. One organism of interest has an obvious nucleus, small oval structures containing a green pigment, and does not appear to be motile. In which of the following groups would this microbe most likely be classified? Select one: a. Eukaryotes (Fungi) b. Eukaryotes (Algae) c. Bacteria d. Archaea e. Eukaryotes (Protozoa) - Correct Answer-Eukaryotes (Algae) If immersion oil was replaced with water, what would happen? Select one: a. The refractive index would increase, improving resolution. b. The refractive index of water would be greater than air but less than oil, improving resolution less than oil.
Select one: a. proteins b. carbohydrates c. mycolic acids d. peptidoglycan - Correct Answer-c. mycolic acids Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis is particularly important in public health because in this application, microbiologists seek to identify specific microbial pathogens in ______. a. food and water b. patient samples c. genomic analysis d. genetic diseases - Correct Answer-a. food and water Genomic DNA sequences seem to support the idea that the first eukaryotic cell arose from within the _____ lineage. Select one: a. archaeal b. bacterial c. viral d. last universal common ancestor (LUCA) - Correct Answer-a. archaeal The organisms in which of the following are more closely related? Select one: a. Order b. Family c. Class d. Phylum - Correct Answer-b. Family A classification system based on mutual similarity that involves comparing as many characteristics as possible is called a __________ system. Select one:
a. phylogenetic b. phyletic c. phenetic d. determinative systematic - Correct Answer-c. phenetic Stable annealing due to hydrogen bonding between DNAs of similar nucleotide sequence from different organisms is referred to as _______. Select one: a. hydrolysis b. restriction c. hybridization d. ligation - Correct Answer-c. hybridization The science dealing with classification is called ______. Select one: a. taxonomy b. nomenclature c. systematics d. identification - Correct Answer-taxonomy C6 H12 O6 + C6 H12 O6 → C12 H22 O11 + H2O represents Select one: a. the formation of a peptide bond. b. a decomposition reaction. c. a denaturation reaction. d. the formation of a polysaccharide. e. a dehydration synthesis - Correct Answer-e. a dehydration synthesis Polar molecules are composed of covalently bonded Select one: a. identical atoms. b. carbon atoms.
a. Pasteur b. Koch c. Semmelweiss d. Lister - Correct Answer-a. Pasteur The concept that living organisms arise from nonliving material is called Select one: a. biogenesis. b. cell theory. c. spontaneous generation. d. germ theory. - Correct Answer-c. spontaneous generation. Protists contain all of the following forms of life EXCEPT Select one: a. protozoa. b. fungi. c. slime molds. d. algae. - Correct Answer-b. fungi. A new microbe has been discovered in the rumen of sheep. Microscopy shows no evidence of a nuclear membrane and biochemical studies of the cell wall demonstrate the lack of peptidoglycan. Metabolic studies show that this microbe generates methane. This microbe would most likely be classified in the: Select one: a. Domain Bacteria b. Domain Archaea c. Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Fungi d. Domain Eukarya, Protists - Correct Answer-b. Domain Archaea Morphovars, serovars, biovars, and pathovars are examples of terms that refer to microbial _______________. Select one: a. species b. strains c. types d. Archaea - Correct Answer-b. strains
What is the most compelling reason why "protists" are not considered to be a taxonomic group? Select one: a. They are not cellular life forms. b. They are too small to be included among the eukaryotes. c. The group includes both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types. d. The organisms often included in this group are very diverse and don't form a cohesive taxon. - Correct Answer-d. The organisms often included in this group are very diverse and don't form a cohesive taxon. After the secondary stain has been added, gram-positive organisms are stained __________ and gram-negative organisms are stained __________. Select one: a. purple; purple b. purple; colorless c. purple; pink d. pink; pink - Correct Answer-purple; pink A microscope that exposes specimens to ultraviolet, violet, or blue light and forms an image with the light emitted at a different wavelength is called a __________ microscope. Select one: a. phase-contrast b. dark-field c. scanning electron d. fluorescence - Correct Answer-d. fluorescence If you forgot the decolorization step while performing a Gram stain, which outcome would you expect? Select one: a. Gram-positive bacteria would stain pink. b. Gram-negative bacteria would stain purple. c. Gram-negative bacteria would be unstained.
b. Enterobacteriaceae c. Enterobacteriales d. O157:H7 - Correct Answer-a. Escherichia coli Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all ______. Select one: a. nucleic acids b. carbohydrates c. polysaccharides d. amino acids e. enzymes - Correct Answer-a. nucleic acids Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy (left to right). Select one: a. Family, order, class b. Family, genus, species c. Genus, species, family d. Class, phylum, order e. Kingdom, domain, phylum - Correct Answer-b. Family, genus, species Magnification is achieved in a compound microscope through the initial magnification of the specimen by the _____ lens. This image is then projected to the _____ lens that will further magnify the specimen to form a virtual image received by the eye. Select one: a. ocular; objective b. scanning; objective c. objective; ocular d. ocular; oil immersion - Correct Answer-c. objective; ocular In the cell cytoplasm, molecules of ATP are a ______. Select one: a. solute b. solvent - Correct Answer-a. solute An example of an amphipathic molecule found in living cells is ______.
Select one: a. glucose b. phospholipid c. protein d. nucleic acid e. ATP - Correct Answer-b. phospholipid A nutrient medium that has all of its chemical components identified and their precise concentrations known and reproducible is termed ______. Select one: a. complex b. reducing c. enriched d. defined - Correct Answer-d. defined Agar is an important component of media because Select one: a. bacteria require agar as a source of carbon. b. agar inhibits mold growth. c. agar provides a solid surface for bacterial growth. d. agar prevents contamination - Correct Answer-c. agar provides a solid surface for bacterial growth. Which of the following functional groups is mismatched to the organic compound in which it is typically found? Select one: a. Phosphate - carbohydrates b. Sulfhydryl - proteins c. Amino - proteins d. Hydroxyl - alcohols e. Carboxyl - fatty acids - Correct Answer-a. Phosphate - carbohydrates All of the following are diameters of cells that would be resolved in a microscope with a limit of resolution of 0.2 μm except ______. Select one: a. 0.2 μm b. 0.2 mm c. 0.1 μm d. 2.0 μm - Correct Answer-c. 0.1 μm The smallest and most significant taxon is a ______. Select one: a. genus
