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BIO 230 Exam 1 Practice Test: Questions & Answers (Rated A+), Exams of Biology

University of Mississippi Medical CenterBiology

A set of practice questions and answers for bio 230 exam 1, covering topics related to microorganisms, their classification, and their role in various processes. The questions are designed to test understanding of key concepts and terminology in microbiology, including the nature of microorganisms, their diversity, and their impact on human health and the environment. A valuable resource for students preparing for their bio 230 exam 1.

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2024/2025

Available from 04/09/2025

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BIO 230 EXAM 1 PRACTICE TEST
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS(RATED A+)
1) Microorganisms are involved in each of the following processes EXCEPT
A) infection.
B) decomposition of organic material.
C) O2 production.
D) food production.
E) smog production. - ANSWERE - smog production
2) Each of the following organisms would be considered a microbe EXCEPT
A) yeast.
B) protozoan.
C) bacterium.
D) mushroom.
E) virus. - ANSWERD - mushroom
3) The term used to describe a disease-causing microorganism is
A) microbe.
B) bacterium.
C) virus.
D) pathogen.
E) infection. - ANSWERD) pathogen.
4) Common commercial benefits of microorganisms include synthesis of
A) riboflavin.
B) acetone.
C) insulin.
D) aspirin.
E) riboflavin, acetone and insulin. - ANSWERE) riboflavin, acetone and insulin.
5) Commercial utilization of microbial products has become increasingly popular due
to their environmentally friendly nature. Production of these products which are
readily degraded and, thus, non-toxic typically utilizes
A) enzymes.
B) organic acids.
C) organic solvents.
D) soap.
E) alcohol. - ANSWERA) enzymes.
6) The formal system for classifying and naming organisms was developed by
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Partial preview of the text

Download BIO 230 Exam 1 Practice Test: Questions & Answers (Rated A+) and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

BIO 230 EXAM 1 PRACTICE TEST

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS(RATED A+)

  1. Microorganisms are involved in each of the following processes EXCEPT A) infection. B) decomposition of organic material. C) O2 production. D) food production. E) smog production. - ANSWERE - smog production
  2. Each of the following organisms would be considered a microbe EXCEPT A) yeast. B) protozoan. C) bacterium. D) mushroom. E) virus. - ANSWERD - mushroom
  3. The term used to describe a disease-causing microorganism is A) microbe. B) bacterium. C) virus. D) pathogen. E) infection. - ANSWERD) pathogen.
  4. Common commercial benefits of microorganisms include synthesis of A) riboflavin. B) acetone. C) insulin. D) aspirin. E) riboflavin, acetone and insulin. - ANSWERE) riboflavin, acetone and insulin.
  5. Commercial utilization of microbial products has become increasingly popular due to their environmentally friendly nature. Production of these products which are readily degraded and, thus, non-toxic typically utilizes A) enzymes. B) organic acids. C) organic solvents. D) soap. E) alcohol. - ANSWERA) enzymes.
  6. The formal system for classifying and naming organisms was developed by

A) Robert Koch. B) Ignaz Semmelweis. C) Aristotle. D) Carolus Linnaeus. E) Louis Pasteur. - ANSWERD) Carolus Linnaeus.

  1. In the name Staphylococcus aureus, aureus is the A) genus. B) domain name. C) species. D) kingdom. E) family name. - ANSWERC) species.
  2. A prokaryotic cell may possess each of the following cellular components EXCEPT A) flagella. B) a nucleus. C) ribosomes. D) a cell wall. E) a cell membrane. - ANSWERB) a nucleus.
  3. Which of the following is NOT associated with viruses? A) organelles B) nucleic acid C) envelope D) chemical reactions E) protein coat - ANSWERA) organelles
  4. Figure 1.1 The bacterial shape of the cells in the scanning electron micrograph shown in Figure 1.1 would best be described as A) bacillus. B) spiral. C) coccus. D) ovoid. E) columnar. - ANSWERA) bacillus.
  5. Protozoan motility structures include A) cilia. B) flagella. C) pseudopods. D) cilia and pseudopods only. E) cilia, flagella, and pseudopods. - ANSWERE) cilia, flagella, and pseudopods.
  6. Viruses are not considered living organisms because they A) cannot reproduce by themselves. B) are structurally very simple. C) can only be visualized using an electron microscope. D) are typically associated with disease. E) are ubiquitous in nature. - ANSWERA) cannot reproduce by themselves.
  7. The infectious agent that causes AIDS is a A) virus. B) bacterium. C) yeast. D) protozoan. E) mold. - ANSWERA) virus.
  8. Which of the following is NOT a domain in the three-domain system?
  1. The microbial process of converting sugars to alcohol is known as A) fermentation. B) pasteurization. C) tyndallization. D) lyophilization. E) alcoholism.
  • ANSWERA) fermentation
  1. Proof that a microbe could cause disease was provided by A) Pasteur. B) Lister. C) Koch. D) Wasserman. E) Semmelweis. - ANSWERC) Koch.
  2. The use of phenol (carbolic acid) as a wound disinfectant was first practiced by A) Lister. B) Semmelweis. C) Pasteur. D) Holmes. E) Koch. - ANSWERA) Lister.
  3. Mycology is the study of A) mycoplasma. B) mushrooms. C) protozoa. D) molds. E) molds, yeast, and mushrooms. - ANSWERE) molds, yeast, and mushrooms.
  4. The first step for directly linking a microbe to a specific disease according to Kochs postulates is to A) culture the blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal using nutrient medium. B) inject a sample of blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal into a healthy animal. C) obtain a sample of blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal. D) compare the blood of a sick animal to blood obtained from a healthy animal. E) isolate microbes from the blood of healthy animals. - ANSWERC) obtain a sample of blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal.
  5. In which of the following situations would Kochs postulates be utilized? A) determination of the cause of a new emerging disease by scientists studying disease transmission B) development of a new antibiotic in a pharmaceutical lab C) determination of the cause of cancer in a patient D) formulation of a vaccine against a new pathogen in a genetic engineering lab E) whenever the scientific method is used to investigate a microbiological problem - ANSWERA) determination of the cause of a new emerging disease by scientists studying disease transmission
  6. Robert Koch identified the cause of A) smallpox. B) anthrax. C) diphtheria. D) AIDS. E) tuberculosis. - ANSWERB) anthrax.
  7. Which physician is first associated with vaccination? A) Ehrlich B) Jenner C) Lister D) Koch E) Escherich - ANSWERB) Jenner
  1. Which of the following findings was essential for Edward Jenners vaccination process? A) Exposure to a milder disease form may produce immunity. B) A weakened microorganism will not cause disease. C) Someone who recovers from a disease will not acquire that disease again. D) Disease is caused by viruses. E) Pathogenic microorganisms infect all humans and animals in the same manner. - ANSWERA) Exposure to a milder disease form may produce immunity.
  2. Penicillin was discovered by accident by A) Alexander Fleming. B) Paul Ehrich. C) Edward Jenner. D) Robert Koch. E) Joseph Lister. - ANSWERA) Alexander Fleming.
  3. Who was the first scientist to pursue a magic bullet that could be used to treat infectious disease? A) Jenner B) Pasteur C) Ehrlich D) Lister E) Semmelweis - ANSWERC) Ehrlich
  4. Fungal infections are studied by A) virologists. B) bacteriologists. C) parasitologists. D) mycologists. E) herpetologists. - ANSWERD) mycologists.
  5. Which disease has been eliminated through the use of vaccines? A) tuberculosis B) measles C) rubella D) smallpox E) influenza - ANSWERD) smallpox
  6. Recombinant DNA refers to the A) study of bacterial ribosomes. B) study of the function of genes. C) interaction between human and bacterial cells. D) synthesis of proteins from genes. E) DNA resulting when genes from one organism are inserted into another organism.
  • ANSWERE) DNA resulting when genes from one organism are inserted into another organism.
  1. Molecular biology includes the study of A) DNA synthesis. B) RNA replication. C) protein synthesis. D) enzyme function. E) how genetic information directs protein synthesis. - ANSWERE) how genetic information directs protein synthesis.
  2. Microorganisms are essential to our life. Each of the following is an example of a beneficial function of microorganisms EXCEPT
  1. A student has obtained a sample of pond water for study. Using the high-power lens, he observes several cells with nuclei. He can conclude that the cells are NOT bacteria. True or False? - ANSWERTRUE
  2. The process of pasteurization to reduce food spoilage utilizes high heat to kill all bacteria present. True or False? - ANSWERFALSE
  3. Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first microbiologist to use a microscope to examine environmental samples for the presence of microorganisms. True or False? - ANSWERTRUE
  4. Spontaneous generation refers to living cells arising only from other living cells. True or False? - ANSWERFALSE
  5. Microbes are associated with life-sustaining benefits as well as life-threatening diseases. True or False? - ANSWERTRUE
  6. All cells possess a cell wall. True or False? - ANSWERFALSE
  7. All pathogens known to infect humans have been identified at this point in time. True or False? - ANSWERFALSE
  8. Which of the following is NOT equal to 1 mm? A) 0.001 m B) 106 nm C) 0.1 cm D) 100 m E) 10-3 m - ANSWERD) 100 m
  9. What structure does light pass through after leaving the condenser in a compound light microscope? A) ocular lens B) objective lens C) specimen D) illuminator - ANSWERC) specimen
  10. Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) nigrosin negative stain B) methylene blue simple stain C) acidic dye capsule stain D) basic dye negative stain E) crystal violet simple stain - ANSWERD) basic dye negative stain

  1. Which of the following places the steps of the Gram stain in the correct order? 1-Alcohol-acetone 2-Crystal violet 3-Safranin 4-Iodine A) 1-2-3- B) 2-1-4- C) 2-4-1- D) 4-3-2- E) 1-3-2-4 - ANSWERC) 2-4-1-
  2. Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A) alcohol-acetone decolorizer B) crystal violet basic dye C) safranin acid dye D) iodine mordant E) carbolfuchsin basic dye - ANSWERC) safranin acid dye
  3. Which of the following is NOT true regarding the acid-fast stain? A) It is used to identify members of the genus Mycobacterium. B) Acid-fast cells retain the primary dye after treatment with acidalcohol. C) If cells are acid-fast, they are gram-negative. D) Acid-fast cells appear red in a completed acid-fast stain. E) Non-acid-fast microbes appear blue in a completed acid-fast stain. - ANSWERC) If cells are acid-fast, they are gram-negative.
  4. The purpose of a mordant in the Gram stain is to A) remove the simple stain. B) make the bacterial cells larger. C) make the flagella visible. D) prevent the crystal violet from leaving the cells. E) make gram-negative cells visible. - ANSWERD) prevent the crystal violet from leaving the cells.
  5. Which of the following places the steps in the correct sequence? 1-Staining 2-Making a smear
  1. In using this microscope, the observer does NOT look directly at an image through a lens. A) compound light microscope B) phase-contrast microscope C) darkfield microscope D) fluorescence microscope E) electron microscope - ANSWERE) electron microscope
  2. This microscope produces an image of a light cell against a dark background; internal structures are NOT visible. A) compound light microscope B) phase-contrast microscope C) darkfield microscope D) fluorescence microscope E) electron microscope - ANSWERC) darkfield microscope
  3. A virus measures 100 nm in length. What is its length in m? A) 10 m B) 1 m C) 0.1 m D) 0.01 m E) 0.001 m - ANSWERC) 0.1 m
  4. Which of the following is never useful for observing living cells? A) phase-contrast microscope B) darkfield microscope C) scanning acoustic microscope D) scanning electron microscope E) brightfield microscope - ANSWERD) scanning electron microscope
  5. A microorganism measures 5 m in length. Its length in mm would be A) 500 mm. B) 50 mm. C) 0.5 mm. D) 0.05 mm. E) 0.005 mm. - ANSWERE) 0.005 mm.
  6. Which of the following correctly traces the path of light through the compound microscope? A) light source; condenser; specimen; objective lens; ocular lens B) condenser; light source; specimen; ocular lens; objective lens C) light source; specimen; condenser; objective lens; ocular lens D) condenser; light source; specimen; objective lens; ocular lens E) light source; condenser; objective lens; specimen; ocular lens - ANSWERA) light source; condenser; specimen; objective lens; ocular lens
  1. Figure 3.1 In Figure 3.1, line c points to the microscopes A) illuminator. B) condenser. C) ocular lens. D) objective lens. - ANSWERB) condenser.
  2. Which microscope can be used to visualize DNA or botulinum toxin? A) compound light microscope B) phase-contrast microscope C) scanning tunneling microscope D) confocal microscope E) scanning electron microscope - ANSWERC) scanning tunneling microscope
  3. Which microscope is used to observe a specimen that emits light when illuminated with an ultraviolet light? A) compound light microscope B) phase-contrast microscope C) darkfield microscope D) fluorescence microscope E) electron microscope - ANSWERD) fluorescence microscope
  4. Which microscope is most useful for visualizing a biofilm? A) compound light microscope B) phase-contrast microscope C) fluorescence microscope D) scanning acoustic microscope E) transmission electron microscope - ANSWERD) scanning acoustic microscope
  5. Which microscope takes advantage of differences in the refractive indexes of cell structures? A) compound light microscope B) phase-contrast microscope C) darkfield microscope D) fluorescence microscope E) electron microscope - ANSWERB) phase-contrast microscope
  6. You are performing a Gram stain on gram-positive bacteria and you stop after the addition of the first dye. What is the appearance of the bacteria at this point? A) purple B) red C) colorless D) brown - ANSWERA) purple
  7. You are performing a Gram stain on gram-negative bacteria and you stop after the addition of the mordant. What is the appearance of the bacteria at this point? A) purple B) red C) colorless D) brown - ANSWERA) purple

A) fluorescence microscope B) two-photon microscope C) atomic force microscope D) transmission electron microscope E) brightfield microscope - ANSWERB) two-photon microscope

  1. Which microscope is used to observe viruses and the internal structure of thinly sectioned cells? A) transmission electron microscope B) darkfield microscope C) fluorescence microscope D) brightfield microscope E) scanning electron microscope - ANSWERA) transmission electron microscope
  2. Which microscope is used to see detail of a 300-nm virus? A) fluorescence microscope B) phase-contrast microscope C) darkfield microscope D) DIC microscope E) electron microscope - ANSWERE) electron microscope
  3. Assume you stain Bacillus by applying malachite green with heat and then counterstaining with safranin. Through the microscope, the green structures are A) cell walls. B) capsules. C) endospores. D) flagella. E) The answer cannot be determined. - ANSWERC) endospores
  4. Which step in the Gram stain is the critical step in differentiating gram-positive cells from gram-negative cells? A) safranin B) alcohol-acetone C) iodine D) crystal violet - ANSWERB) alcohol- acetone
  5. You find colorless areas in cells in a Gram-stained smear. What should you apply next? A) an acid-fast stain B) a flagella stain C) a capsule stain D) an endospore stain E) a simple stain - ANSWERD) an endospore stain
  6. Which microscope is best used for observing the surfaces of intact cells and viruses? A) phase-contrast microscope B) darkfield microscope C) fluorescence microscope D) brightfield microscope E) scanning electron microscope - ANSWERE) scanning electron microscope
  1. Bacterial smears are fixed before staining to A) affix the cells to the slide. B) make their walls permeable. C) accept stain. D) make the cells visible. - ANSWERA) affix the cells to the slide.
  2. The resolution of a microscope can be improved by changing the A) condenser. B) fine adjustment. C) wavelength of light. D) diaphragm. E) coarse adjustment. - ANSWERC) wavelength of light.
  3. A student is looking at a bacterial specimen using the oil immersion lens, but has forgotten to put immersion oil on the slide. The specimen will appear A) smaller than it would if immersion oil was used. B) larger than it would if immersion oil was used. C) somewhat fuzzy and have poor resolution. D) the same as it would if the immersion oil was used. E) to have no color. - ANSWERC) somewhat fuzzy and have poor resolution.
  4. The purpose of the ocular lens is to A) improve resolution. B) magnify the image from the objective lens. C) decrease the refractive index. D) increase the light. E) decrease the light. - ANSWERB) magnify the image from the objective lens
  5. In microscopy, the term resolution A) refers to the ability to distinguish fine structure and detail in a specimen. B) is the same as the total magnification of a specimen. C) is improved when longer wavelengths of light are employed. D) is only observed in stained specimens. E) refers to magnification when using the electron microscope. - ANSWERA) refers to the ability to distinguish fine structure and detail in a specimen.
  6. The counterstain used in the Gram stain is a basic dye. True or False? - ANSWERTRUE
  7. In a completed Gram stain, gram-negative bacteria are colorless. True or False? - ANSWERFALSE
  8. In a completed Gram stain, gram-positive bacteria are purple. True or False? - ANSWERTRUE
  9. If acid-fast bacteria are stained with the Gram stain, they will stain gram-negative.

A) Sucrose will move into the cell from a higher to a lower concentration. B) The cell will undergo osmotic lysis. C) Water will move out of the cell. D) Water will move into the cell. E) No change will result; the solution is isotonic. - ANSWERC) Water will move out of the cell.

  1. A gram-positive bacterium suddenly acquires resistance to the antibiotic methicillin. This trait most likely occurred due to acquisition of new genetic information through A) conjugation. B) binary fission. C) meisosis. D) transformation. E) transduction. - ANSWERA) conjugation.
  2. By which of the following mechanisms can a cell transport a substance from a lower to a higher concentration? A) simple diffusion B) facilitated diffusion C) active transport D) extracellular enzymes E) aquaporins - ANSWERC) active transport
  3. Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of most bacterial plasma membranes? A) site of energy production B) composed of a phospholipid bilayer C) contains proteins D) contains cholesterol E) is selectively permeable - ANSWERD) contains cholesterol
  4. Which one of the following organisms has a cell wall? A) protoplasts B) fungi C) L forms D) mycoplasmas E) animal cells - ANSWERB) fungi
  5. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Endospores are for reproduction. B) Endospores allow a cell to survive environmental changes by producing a dormant period with no growth. C) Endospores are easily stained in a Gram stain. D) A cell produces one endospore and keeps growing. E) A cell can produce many endospores. - ANSWERB) Endospores allow a cell to survive environmental changes by producing a dormant period with no growth.
  6. Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A) endoplasmic reticulum internal transport B) Golgi complex secretion C) mitochondria ATP production D) centrosome food storage E) lysosome digestive enzymes - ANSWERD) centrosome food storage
  7. Which of the following organelles most closely resembles a prokaryotic cell? A) nucleus B) mitochondrion C) Golgi complex D) vacuole E) cell wall - ANSWERB) mitochondrion

Figure 4.

  1. Which drawing in Figure 4.1 is a tetrad? A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e - ANSWERB) b
  2. Which drawing in Figure 4.1 possesses an axial filament? A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e - ANSWERA) a
  3. Which drawing in Figure 4.1 is streptococci? A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e - ANSWERD) d
  4. Antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis ultimately cause bacterial cell death as a result of A) osmotic lysis. B) inhibition of molecular transport. C) decreased synthesis of plasma membrane. D) plasmolysis. E) cell shrinkage. - ANSWERA) osmotic lysis.
  5. Bacteria are a commonly used organism for studies of genetic material in the research laboratory. The nucleic acids must first be isolated from the cells for these studies. Which of the following would most likely be used to lyse gram-positive bacterial cells for nucleic acid isolation? A) lysozyme B) polymixins C) alcohol D) water E) mycolic acid - ANSWERA) lysozyme
  6. Which of the following statements about gram-negative cell walls is FALSE? A) They protect the cell in a hypotonic environment. B) They have an extra outer layer composed of lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, and phospholipids. C) They are toxic to humans. D) They are sensitive to penicillin. E) Their Gram reaction is due to the outer membrane - ANSWERD) They are sensitive to penicillin
  7. Which of the following structures is NOT found in some prokaryotic cells? A) flagellum B) axial filament C) cilium D) pilus E) peritrichous flagella - ANSWERC) cilium
  8. Functions of the glycocalyx include all of the following EXCEPT A) biofilm formation. B) increased virulence. C) source of nutrition. D) protection against dehydration. E) binary fission. - ANSWERE) binary fission.
  9. Which structure acts like an invisibility cloak and protects bacteria from being phagocytized?
  1. Fimbriae and pili differ in that A) there are only one or two pili per cell. B) pili are used for motility. C) pili are used to transfer DNA. D) pili are used for transfer of DNA and motility. E) pili are used for attachment to surfaces - ANSWERD) pili are used for transfer of DNA and motility. Figure 4.
  2. In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is a gram-negative cell wall? A) a B) b C) both a and b D) neither a nor b E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. - ANSWERB) b
  3. In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall possesses lipid A/endotoxin responsible for symptoms associated with infection? A) a B) b C) both a and b D) neither a nor b E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. - ANSWERB) b
  4. In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall has a structure that protects against osmotic lysis? A) a B) b C) both a and b D) neither a nor b E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. - ANSWERC) both a and b
  5. In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall contains teichoic acids? A) a B) b C) both a and b D) neither a nor b E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. - ANSWERA) a
  6. In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall contains porins? A) a B) b C) both a and b D) neither a nor b E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. - ANSWERA) a
  7. Where are phospholipids most likely found in a prokaryotic cell? A) flagella B) around organelles C) the plasma membrane D) ribosomes E) the plasma membrane and around organelles - ANSWERC) the plasma membrane
  8. Where are phospholipids most likely found in a eukaryotic cell? A) surrounding flagella B) around organelles C) the plasma membrane D) ribosomes E) the plasma membrane, around organelles, and surrounding flagella - ANSWERE) the plasma membrane, around organelles, and surrounding flagella
  9. Which of the following is NOT found or observed to occur in both mitochondria and prokaryotes?

A) circular chromosome B) 70S ribosomes C) cell wall D) binary fission E) ATP- generating mechanism - ANSWERC) cell wall

  1. Which of the following statements is correct about passive diffusion? A) It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell. B) It is a process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration (or down a concentration gradient). C) It is a process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration (or up a concentration gradient). D) It may require a transport protein. E) It involves movement of molecules down a concentration gradient and may require a transport protein. - ANSWERE) It involves movement of molecules down a concentration gradient and may require a transport protein.
  2. Oxygen crosses a plasma membrane A) by osmosis. B) through simple diffusion. C) with the help of a nonspecific transporter. D) through facilitated diffusion. E) through porins - ANSWERB) through simple diffusion.
  3. In a hypertonic solution, a bacterial cell will typically A) lyse. B) burst. C) stay the same. D) plasmolyze. E) osmolyze. - ANSWERD) plasmolyze
  4. What will happen if a bacterial cell is pretreated with a lysozyme solution, then placed in distilled water? A) The cell will plasmolyze. B) The cell will undergo osmotic lysis. C) Water will leave the cell. D) Lysozyme will diffuse into the cell. E) No change will result; the solution is isotonic. - ANSWERB) The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.
  5. How do spirochetes and spirilla differ? A) Spirochetes do not have a cell wall but spirilla do. B) Spirilla are found in chains of cells whereas spirochetes exist as individual cells. C) Spirilla have an external flagella but spirochetes have axial filaments. D) Spirochetes have a rigid, corkscrew shape while spirilla are helical and more flexible. E) Spirochetes and spirilla are basically the same organisms and the terms can be used interchangeably. - ANSWERC) Spirilla have an external flagella but spirochetes have axial filaments.
  6. Which one of the following pairs is mismatched? A) metachromatic granules phosphate storage B) lipid inclusions energy reserve C) ribosomes carbon storage D) sulfur granules energy reserve E) gas vacuoles flotation - ANSWERC) ribosomes carbon storage
  7. Which of the following are NOT energy reserves?