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Bio 202 midterm ACN
Which layer of the heart contains cardiac muscle? - correct answer Myocardium The heart Strings are also known as? - correct answer Chordae Tendineae What externally separates atria and ventricles? - correct answer Coronary Sulcus Which great vessel receives blood from the lower parts of the body? - correct answer Inferior Vena Cava Which of the following contains Deoxygenated Blood? - correct answer Pulmonary trunk another name for Right Atrioventricular Valve? - correct answer Tricuspid Valve The pacemaker of the heart is the - correct answer SA node The outermost layer of an artery is called? - correct answer Tunica Adventitia Which blood vessel type only contains a simple squamous epithelial lining? - correct answer capillaries The first branch of the aortic arch is called the? - correct answer Brachiocephalic artery Erythrocytes are also known as - correct answer red blood cells not formed element of blood - correct answer plasma Which part of an erythrocytes binds oxygen gas? - correct answer The heme group
A circulating blood clot is called a? - correct answer embolus What are the most abundant leukocytes in the blood? - correct answer Neutrophil Which leukocytes function is to produce heparin and histamine? - correct answer Basophil What is the most important antigen in the Rh blood group - correct answer D Platelets are derived from what type of cell? - correct answer Megakaryocyte In the ABO blood group, Type A individual will produce which antibodies? - correct answer Anti-B antibodies The RH blood group is important to study during which scenario? - correct answer Pregnancy What part of the body does not drain into the thoracic duct? - correct answer Right Arm Where do T cells mature? - correct answer thymus gland Which part of the lymphatic system phagocytizes worn-out RBC's? - correct answer Spleen Where are the Peyer's Patches located? - correct answer Small Intestines Which antibody is found in mucous secretions? - correct answer IgA Which antibody is associated with allergic reactions? - correct answer IgE What cell slows down the activity of B and T cells? - correct answer Suppressor T cells
Lacteals absorb... - correct answer lipids Partitions in lymph nodes are made by... - correct answer trabeculae One complete systole and diastole episode in the heart is called a. - correct answer a cardiac cycle Blood vessels that are only one RBC thick are called... - correct answer capillaries __________ fight intracellular viruses - correct answer Cytotoxic T lymphocytes function of cardiovascular system - correct answer 1. To transport nutrients, gases and waste products around the body
- To protect the body from infection and blood loss
- To help the body maintain a constant body temperature ('thermoregulation')
- To help maintain fluid balance within the body layers of pericardial sac - correct answer Fibrous Pericardium, Serous Pericardium, Parietal Pericardium, Visceral Pericardium Layers of the heart wall - correct answer epicardium, myocardium, endocardium Chambers of the heart - correct answer right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle the great vessels of the heart - correct answer ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins, superior vena cava, and inferior vena cava. Valves of the heart - correct answer tricuspid valve, pulmonary semilunar valve, bicuspid or mitral valve, aortic semilunar valve
Explain the blood flow through the heart - correct answer superior & inferior vena cava to rt atrium through tricuspid valve to rt ventricle through pulminary semilunar valve to pulminary arteries to lungs back to heart through pulminary veins to lft atrium through mitral (bicuspid) valve to lft venrtricle through aortic semilunar valve ---systemic circulation Explain the process of cardiac conduction sysytem - correct answer The sino-atrial (SA) node The atrio-ventricular (AV) node The bundle of His The left and right bundle branches The Purkinje fibers transport high pressure blood from heart to smaller arteries and arterioles - correct answer Arteries connect arteries and capillaries - correct answer arterioles transports low-pressure blood from venules to heart - correct answer veins connects a capillary to a vein - correct answer venule allows gas exchange, nutrient transfer and waste removal between blood and tissue - correct answer capillaries Blood vessels, except the smallest ones, are made of three layers: - correct answer the tunica interna, tunica media and tunica externa (or adventitia). systemic circulation - correct answer The branch of the circulatory system that supplies all body organs and then returns oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium via the veins. pulmonary circulation - correct answer Circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs
eosinophils - correct answer a white blood cell containing granules that attacks parasites Basophils - correct answer releases histamine and heprin Monocytes - correct answer An agranular leukocyte that is able to migrate into tissues and transform into a macrophage. blood plasma - correct answer liquid portion of blood proteins of plasma - correct answer albumins, globulins, fibrinogen blood serum - correct answer plasma without clotting factors what is the process of blood formation called? - correct answer hematopoiesis where does blood formation occur? - correct answer red bone marrow explain the blood clotting mechanism - correct answer Blood groups and types - correct answer A, B, AB, and O. Determined by the prescence or abscence of a specific antigen located on the outside of RBC's Rh factor - correct answer Refers to the presence or absence of the Rh (D) antigen on red blood cells. what is the function of the lymphatic system? - correct answer fluid balance, lipid absorption and defense where is lymph drained eventually? - correct answer back into the blood
name anatomy of lymphatic system - correct answer tonsils, rt lymphatic duct, thoracic duct, thymus, subclavian veins, spleen, lacteals, bone marrow major nodes in lymphatic system - correct answer cervical, axillary, Inguinal Name the tonsils and state their body locations. - correct answer Palatine tonsils are located on either side at the posterior end of the oral cavity. The lingual tonsils lie at the base of the tongue. The pharyngeal tonsils are in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx. how does lymph circulate? - correct answer contraction of lymphatic vessels, contraction of skeletal muscles and thoracic pressure changes. What is humoral immunity? - correct answer antibody-mediated immunity What is cellular immunity? - correct answer cell-mediated immunity What are immunoglobulins? - correct answer antibodies Types of antibodies - correct answer IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD IgG - correct answer crosses placenta, most abundant, protects against bacterial and viral infections IgA - correct answer found in mucosal membranes, saliva tears, colostrum and milk IgM - correct answer first antibody produced, IgE - correct answer allergic reactions IgD - correct answer antigen binding receptors on B cells
Monokines - correct answer Monokines are cytokines produced mainly by monocytes and macrophages for function in the immune system. Monokines can function as chemoattractants for guiding neutrophil migration
