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BIO 201 FINAL EXAM REVIEW 2024
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Define metabolism: - ✔✔the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life. What is the study of the bodies structure? - ✔✔Anatomy What is the study of the bodies function? - ✔✔Physiology Your ankle is ____ to your thigh? - ✔✔Distal The elbow is ____ to the wrist? - ✔✔Proximal If you were to get hurt in the popliteal area, where would the Dr. need to check? - ✔✔Knee What plane divides the body into left and halves? - ✔✔Sagittal plane A broken leg would be damage to what division of the body? - ✔✔Appendicular Name the 2 major closed body cavities: - ✔✔Dorsal (posterior) cavity and the Ventral (anterior) cavity The term ____ refers to the internal layer of internal organ. - ✔✔Visceral The term_____ refers to the the external layer or area toward the body cavity wall. - ✔✔... List the order of the body organization: - ✔✔Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism.
Cell division occurs in which layer of the epidermis? - ✔✔Stratum Basale What is the main role of keratin? - ✔✔To give the skin strength and elasticity. Which layer of the epidermis is found only in thick skin? - ✔✔Stratum Lucidum The skin plays a role in the production of _____, which is produced by the dermis. - ✔✔... What is a more common name for the sudoriferous gland? - ✔✔Sweat gland (eccrine) Does sebum provide protection against harmful bacteria? - ✔✔Yes The main type of sweat gland plays a role in what body regulation? - ✔✔Temperature What protein is found in our hair and nails? - ✔✔Keratin What smooth muscle is associated with your hair? - ✔✔Arrector pilli When someone gains weight, they gain inches due to accumulation of fat in which layer of the skin? - ✔✔Hypodermis Which abdominal quadrant your appendix located in? - ✔✔Right lower quadrant Which tissue type is found where there would be a lot of friction? - ✔✔Stratified Squamous Epithelium A tissue with a large number of collagen fibers organized parallel to each other would most likely be found in? - ✔✔Tendon
Where are the hearing receptors--spiral organs of Corti-- found? - ✔✔Cochlea List the parts of the external ear: - ✔✔Auricula/pinna and the external acoustic meatus Dynamic and statistic equilibrium both use the principle of what? - ✔✔Mechanoreception What have you done: adduction, extension, flexion, or rotation, when you bend your fingers to make a fist? - ✔✔Flexion What type of movement are you exhibiting when you point your toe? - ✔✔Plantarflexion When the sole of your foot is turned medially, what has occurred? - ✔✔Inversion What are the most freely moving types of joints? - ✔✔Ball and socket The proximal end of the radius and ulna for what type of joint? - ✔✔Pivot What is the most common type of joint of the skull? - ✔✔Suture Most of the bones of of our limbs are: long, short, irregular, or flat? - ✔✔Long Give an example of an axial bone: - ✔✔Sternum The shaft of a long bone is called the: - ✔✔Diaphysis The structural unit of compact bone is: - ✔✔Osteon
What is the periosteum? - ✔✔Is a membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones, except at the joints of long bones. Which part of the long bone are you studying if you are looking at the articular cartilage? - ✔✔Epiphysis What is another name for the "growth plate" and when does it stop "growing"? - ✔✔Epiphyseal plate and it depends with everyone. Describe yellow bone marrow: - ✔✔Bone marrow that is yellow with fat; found at the ends of long bones in adults. List the cranial bones: - ✔✔Ethmoid Bone, Frontal Bone, Occipital Bone, 2 Parietal Bones, Sphenoid Bone, 2 Temporal Bones. Is the mandible a cranial bone? - ✔✔Yes Name the suture between the occipital and parietal bone: - ✔✔Lambdoidal suture List the facial bones: - ✔✔2 Inferior Nasal Conchae, 2 Lacrimal Bones, Mandible, 2 Maxillae, 2 Nasal Bones, 2 Palatine Bones, Vomer, 2 Zygomatic Bones. What is the primary functions of the vertebral column? - ✔✔Is to support the body's frame by keeping it standing upright. Where are osteocytes found? - ✔✔Lacunae What bone cell type is responsible for producing the bony matrix and ossification of bone? - ✔✔Flat bone How many pairs of false ribs are there? - ✔✔ 5
Tissue that connects bone to bone is called? - ✔✔Ligaments Tissue that connects bone to muscle is called? - ✔✔Tendon What are the myosin bindings sites blocked by in a resting muscle cell? - ✔✔ATP Calcium ions bind to ____ when present in the sarcoplasm. - ✔✔Troponin What substances must bind to myosin heads in order for the heads to detach from the thin filaments? - ✔✔ATP Calcium is released from the terminal cisternae in response to? - ✔✔An action potential Is a specific type of muscle contraction used in some forms of training. Neither the joint angle or the length of the muscle changes during this type of muscle contraction. - ✔✔Isometric contraction Which muscle type is under conscious control? - ✔✔Skeletal muscle Which muscle types appear striated? - ✔✔Skeletal and cardiac muscle Muscles that oppose one another: - ✔✔Antagonist muscles What is the major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum? - ✔✔To regulate the levels of calcium in the cells of the body. A muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement. - ✔✔Prime Mover A "rectus" muscle has fibers that run in what direction? - ✔✔Runs vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the human abdomen.
Which criteria is used to name the pectoralis major muscle? - ✔✔Location Which muscle is contracting when you when you eat ice? - ✔✔Masseter The group of muscles on the front of the thigh: - ✔✔The quadriceps femoris Myelin sheaths in the CNS are produced by the ______? - ✔✔Oligodendrocytes Neuroglial cells that line the cavities of the brain are the______? - ✔✔Ependymal cells During membrane repolarization, there is a decrease in the membrane permeability to what ion? - ✔✔Sodium A membrane maintains is resting membrane potential mainly due to what? - ✔✔The sodium-potassium pump The space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes is called: - ✔✔Synaptic cleft List the logical sequence of the 3 function of the nervous system: - ✔✔Sensory input, integration, motor output Where are the Nodes and Ranvier found? - ✔✔On myelinated axons The change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell. - ✔✔Action potential The central sulcus divides which 2 lobes of the cerebrum? - ✔✔Frontal and Parietal lobes
List the "E's" of the sympathetic nervous system: - ✔✔Emergency, Excitement, Embarrassment When is the parasympathetic nervous system more active? - ✔✔When they are at rest and digesting food List the effects of the sympathetic nervous system: - ✔✔Mobilizes the body's nervous system fight-or- flight response. It is, however, constantly active at a basic level to maintain homeostasis. Roman numeral 1 (I) is what cranial nerve? - ✔✔Olfactory (Sensory Nerve) *Smell Roman numeral 2 (II) is what cranial nerve? - ✔✔Optic (Sensory Nerve) *Vision Roman numeral 3 (III) is what cranial nerve? - ✔✔Oculomotor (Motor Nerve) *Moves Eyes Roman numeral 4 (IV) is what cranial nerve? - ✔✔Trochlear (Motor Nerve) *Moves eye Roman numeral 5 (V) is what cranial nerve? - ✔✔Trigeminal (Mixed Nerve - 3 Branches) 1.Opthalmic- Tears/Sensory
- Maxillary- Upper teeth/Sensory
- Mandibular- Chewing/Sensory & Motor Roman numeral 6 (VI) is what cranial nerve? - ✔✔Abducens (Motor Nerve) *Moves eyes
Roman numeral 7 (VII) is what cranial nerve? - ✔✔Facial (Mixed Nerve) *Facial expression/Motor (Tast/Sensory) Roman numeral 8 (VIII) is what cranial nerve? - ✔✔Vestibulocochlear (Sensory Nerve - 2 Branches)
- Vestibular - equilibrium
- Cochlear - Hearing Roman numeral 9 (IX) is what cranial nerve? - ✔✔Glossopharyngeal (Mixed Nerve) *Pharynx/Motor (Tongue/Sensory) Roman numeral 10 (X) is what cranial nerve? - ✔✔Vagus (The Wanderer) *Mixed Nerve (Speech/Motor) Roman numeral 11 (XI) is what cranial nerve? - ✔✔Accessory (Motor Nerve - 2 Branches) 1.Cranial - Pharynx
- Spinal - Neck & Back Roman numeral 12 (XII) is what cranial nerve? - ✔✔Hypoglossal (motor nerve/tongue)
