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BIO 181 Final Exam Actual Exam 2025 (ASU) |
Complete Questions and Correct Answers |
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Which other element (besides carbon) is often suggested as having the potential for life? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Silicon All things being equal, which fatty acid will have a lower melting point? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Short chain fatty acid Which type of molecular interaction is strongest? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------- --------Covalent bonds Water is a ___ molecule ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Polar molecule A low pH is typical of ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Acids What element is called the backbone of life? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- --Carbon
This amino acid is capable of forming disulfide bridges ---------CORRECT ANSWER-- ---------------Cysteine The name of a conceptual model for enzyme action ---------CORRECT ANSWER------ -----------Lock and Key Induced fit This is the start codon in mRNA ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------AUG Which type of mutation would most likely have the least effect on the gene of interest? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Synonymous mutation What is the probability of a child having the same PHENOTYPE as the FIRST parent: AaBb x AA BB ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------100% What is the probability of a child having the same GENOTYPE as the FIRST parent: AaBb x AABB ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------1/
DNA is most important for ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Storing genetic information Transmitting genetic information Replication is the process of ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------DNA copying itself If the guanine content of DNA from the bacterial cells is 40% what is the cytosine content? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------40% If the cytosine content of DNA from the bacterial cells is 30% what is the adenine content? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------20% Chromatin is composed of ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Histones and DNA Which one of the following nucleotides hydrogen base pairs with adenine in an RNA molecule? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Uracil
16% of the nucleotides are adenine. What are the percentages of the other nucleotides? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------16% thymidine, 34% guanine, 34% cytosine The strands in a DNA molecule are ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Antiparallel Complimentary The original molecule of life may have been ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
- RNA The central dogma of molecular biology states... ---------CORRECT ANSWER---------- -------DNA - > RNA - > Protein In RNA, which nucleotide base replaces Thymine in DNA ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Uracil
The process by which mRNA is expressed as a chain of amino acids is called --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Translation Where does translation take place in eukaryotes ---------CORRECT ANSWER---------- -------Cytosol A B-Sheet is an example of which level of protein structure ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Secondary The nucleic acid structure that "fetches" the amino acids into the ribosome is called ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------tRNA The stage of meiosis where "crossing over" occurs ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------- ---------Prophase 1 A mutation that you could pass on to your offspring would occur in the ___ cells -- -------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Germ cells Most mutations that occur in our genomes are... ---------CORRECT ANSWER---------- -------Neutral
Which type of mutation would most likely have dramatic effects on the gene of interest? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Nonsense mutation Frameshift mutation What is the probability of a child having the same phenotype as the first parent: AaBbcc x aabbCC ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- 0 p^2+2pq+q^2 gives ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Hardy Weinberg equilibrium frequencies Which is an example of heterozygote advantage? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------- --------Sickle sell trait Which of the following statements must be true in order for mitochondrial ATP synthase to work? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------pH of inter membrane space must be lower than that of the matrix There must be a difference in concentration of H+ ions
NADH and FADH2 ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------NADH and FADH The step of cellular respiration that results in the biggest direct payoff of ATP is --- ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The electron transport chain In the absence of oxygen this is the route taken by the cell to generate ATP --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Glycolysis Fermentation Cell membranes are ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Dynamic and exist in a fluid state Important in maintaining the internal environment of cells Composed of lipid bi-layers Embedded with transmembrane proteins This type of organism does not have a nucleus ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------- ----Prokaryote
This type of organism has its DNA organized into an operon- with multiple genes co-transcribed ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Prokaryotes Chloroplasts Mitochondria This organelle is the primary sorting location for proteins bound for other places in the cell ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Golgi apparatus Which six elements are the most important for the survival of life? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------C, H, N, O, P, S The shared biochemistry of all life is among the evidence for ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Shared common descent of all life on earth The bacterial community in our bodies is called ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------ -----The microbiome
Which type of phylogenetic group can pass the 'scissor test' ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Monophyletic What can be used to help construct a phylogeny ---------CORRECT ANSWER---------- -------Anatomical features Molecular features Physiological features The idea that the 'ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny' (development repeats evolutionary history) ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Is an interesting idea, but has been disproven for the most part In the developmental gene heirarchy, which genes work first ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Maternal-effect genes Which genes specify a body part of each segment through transcriptional regulation? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Hox genes
During development, early expressed genes control the ___ of genes that are expressed later ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Transcription The mutant fly with an extra pair of wings instead of halteres is probably caused by ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Hox gene mutation SHFM (Ectrodactyly) has been found to result from mutation in the gene DLX which is most likely ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A hox gene When sperm and egg first join to form zygote, the first cell is - --------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------totipotent The gastrula has ___ layers ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- 3 By successfully producing 10 cloned frogs from somatic cells, gurton proved that - --------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Gene regulation explains development Mouse Pax-6 gene caused fly eyes to crow (similar to fly pax-6) because pax-6 is a ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Highly conserved transcription factor
A physical character that is similar between two species due to convergent evolution ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Analogous character The different songs and mutual unattractiveness of eastern and western meadowlarks is an example of ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Pre-zygotic barrier The most recent human common ancestor was approximately ___ years ago ------- --CORRECT ANSWER-----------------200, During DNA replication, which strand has Okazaki fragments? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Lagging strand Which element would likely have similar reactivity to chlorine gas? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Bromine I-P-O+Z-Y+ in the presence of lactose ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Neither Z not Y would be expressed
A PCR reaction requires: ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Template DNA, DNA polymerase, All 4 nucleotides, primers
