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BIO 181 Exam 2 Actual Exam 2025 (ASU) |
Updated Questions and Correct Answers |
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The Calvin-Benson cycle takes in [x] and [y] from the light reaction and also [z] to make carbohydrates. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------ATP, NADPH + H+, Carbon Dioxide The antenna system is in the _________ membranes. ---------CORRECT ANSWER--- --------------Thylakoid The most abundant protein in the world is called __________. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Rubisco Protein synthesis changes from the language of [x] to the language of [y]. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Nucleotides, Amino acids During mRNA maturation what is the name of the part of the mRNA that is removed? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Intron
In the ribosome, what pairs with the codon? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- --Anticodon Assume that you have a eukaryotic cell with three chromosomes within it. How many 5' ends would there be? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Gap 1: 6, Gap 2: 12 Which nucleotide is different in RNA compared to DNA? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Uradine There are two types of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. These two types can be distinguished because the polyribosome is either or. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Free, or membrane-bound polyribosome Which enzyme is used first to permit DNA polymerase III to begin replicating the 3' strand? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Primase In eukaryotic cells the start codon for protein synthesis is. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------AUG or Methionine
List the order in which storage compounds are utilized if there is no intake of food. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Glycogen and Fat, then protein What is bile made from? And how does oatmeal reduce cholesterol levels? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Bile is made from cholesterol, and some kinds of fiber (like oatmeal) will bind with bile, decreasing its absorption and lowering cholesterol levels. How does the pancreas neutralize the pH of the chyme that comes from the stomach? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Bicarbonate Ion Secretions Think about feedback loops. What triggers the gall bladder to secrete bile? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Fatty acids in the lumen of the duodenum Name the main enzyme in the stomach. ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Pepsin T/F If something is called a vitamin, it cannot be made by the organism and must be taken in as a part of diet. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------True
90% of absorption in the intestine occurs where? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------- --------In the Ileum and Jejunum The digestive track begins with the ___________________ and the first enzyme added is ___________________. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Mouth, Amylase Name the sphincter that separates the stomach from the small intestine. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Pyloric Sphincter When glucose is taken in by the digestive track and enters your blood, cells are triggered to take in the glucose by what mechanism? ---------CORRECT ANSWER---- -------------Insulin and insulin receptors Write a few sentences to distinguish between digestion and absorption. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Digestion is when an enzyme breaks down food into smaller blocks. Absorption is the assimilation of substances into the bloodstream from the digestive tract.
For DNA Polymerase III to work, which of these components has to act first? ------- --CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Primase Specifically in a cell where does Glycolysis occur? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------- --------Cytoplasm T/F The cell does not need ATP to survive. ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- False Where is carbon dioxide produced? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Mitochondrial matrix T/F The citric acid/Kreb's cycle breaks down carbohydrates into CO2. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------True T/F FADH2 results as one of the products of the citric acid cycle. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------True Specifically where in a cell does the citric acid/Kreb's cycle occur? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Mitochondrial Matrix
Glycolysis requires the investment of two_________ in order to obtain a gross output of four ________. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------ATP, ATP Does gravity have a role in some part of the lymphatic fluid flow back to the circulatory system? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Yes T/F Natural killer cells are part of the specific immune system. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------False T/F You should have your appendix removed whenever possible. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------False How does the lymph fluid return from the legs to the circulatory system? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A one way valve pushing it up, with the help of muscles contracting around it. If a macrophage endocytoses (i.e., eats) an antigen it can digest it and present it on a ______________ Major histocompatibility complex protein to a ______________. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Class II, Helper T Cell
T/F Lymph nodes are a place where cells of the immune system accumulate and share information. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------True T/F Any cell can present an antigen on a class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------True When a B cell is shown an antigen on a class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein it will go through ______________ ______________ and B cells subsequently can become ______________ and/or ______________ ______________. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Blast Transformation, Plasma Cells, Memory Cells T/F Bone marrow is a site where mature immune cells are found. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------False T/F There are times when the spleen can be considered to be the primary lymph node. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------True T/F The humoral immune system involves cells in the immune system. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------True
T/F Any cell can present an antigen on a class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------False T/F Memory cells "remember" the antigen and make a faster and greater response the next time the antigen is encountered. ---------CORRECT ANSWER------ -----------True T/F Red blood cells are a part of the immune system ---------CORRECT ANSWER----- ------------False T/F Memory cells "remember" the antigen and make a faster and greater response the next time the antigen is encountered. ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- True T/F In 1 mL of blood, there are 1.5 million white blood cells ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------False T/F B and T cells are called lymphocytes ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------True
T/F Uridine is a nucleotide in DNA. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------False T/F Replication of DNA is semi-conservative. ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- --True T/F The DNA polymerase that replicates the parental strand of DNA reads the parental DNA from 5' to 3" and makes a new DNA strand from 3' to 5'. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------False T/F DNA replication in eukaryotes is sped up by multiple origins of replication. ----- ----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------True T/F Messenger RNA is double stranded. ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- False T/F The genetic code for the conversion of mRNA codons to proteins has redundancy. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------True
The light reactions produce [x] and [y] and this process also results in the release of [z]. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------ATP, NADPH + H+, Oxygen How many hydrogen bonds are there between an A and its paired nucleotide? ---- -----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Two T/F Strands of the backbone of DNA are parallel? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------- --------False List one type of post-translational modification. ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------- ------proteolysis, glycosylation, phosphorylation Which sugar is present in RNA? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Ribose T/F In the lagging stand, the DNA is read from the parental DNA's 3' to 5' end. ----- ----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------True For DNA Polymerase III to work which of these components has to act first? --------
- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Primase
