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BIO 181 Exam 1 Actual Exam 2025 (ASU) |
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What limits how big a cell can be? A. Color B. Wavelength C. The surface area to volume ratio D. Resolution E. Type of electron microscopy. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The surface area to volume ratio. TEM provides a thin, two-dimensional section of the object being studied. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------TRUE In an extant prokaryotic cell, the outer boundary of life is the capsule. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------FALSE The ancient earth did not contain much oxygen. ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------- ------TRUE
Why is it important to know the limitations of technology? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Unable to view live cells under SEM magnification, Microscopy is limited with magnification. DNA in extant prokaryotic cells is circular. ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- TRUE Loss of the cell wall is required for the endosymbiotic theory. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------TRUE The cytoskeleton gave rise to the nuclear envelope. ---------CORRECT ANSWER------ -----------FALSE The presumed first step in the transition of the primitive, proto-prokaryotic cell into the primitive, proto-eukaryotic cell was the loss of the cell wall. Group of answer choices ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------FALSE List one limitation of the cell culture technique. ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------- -------Not all cells grow in culture
When cancer cells are crowded by surrounding cells, the cancer cells become spherical and they can still go through cell division. ---------CORRECT ANSWER------- ----------TRUE After a cell is pancake shaped in a cell culture dish, the order of events that occurs as a cell walks is (pick the best order): A. Lamellipodia, filopodia, cell muscle, retraction fiber. B. Cell muscle, cell super-glue, retraction fiber, lamellipodia. C. Filapodia, lamellipodia, cell muscle, retraction fiber. D. Two of the above. E. None of the above. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------C. Filapodia, lamellipodia, cell muscle, retraction fiber. Ribosomes bound to some of the membrane invaginations in the endomembrane theory. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------TRUE Fluorescence microscopy is a form of light microscopy. Group of answer choices ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------TRUE The cytoskeleton enabled the primitive cell to become motile. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------TRUE
Finish the sentence based on my lectures: The association of ribosomes with _________________ invaginations would support the ______________ theory. --- ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Membrane Endomembrane Active transport uses ATP to move components in parallel with their concentration gradient, that is: from a high concentration to a low concentration. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------FALSE What are the two functions of a membrane? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- --- Regulating which molecules go in and out of the cell
- Separating incompatible processes occurring within organelles If something is soluble in water a of hydration forms around it and it is termed ---- -----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Hydrophilic We are made up of ______ percent water. ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- 50 - 70%
The Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and vesicles all evolved from the endomembrane system which is when the cells surface became flexible many millions of years ago due to losing the cell wall. This allowed for the exchanging of material with the environment to happen rapidly, which then lead to the cell to sustain a larger volume and have a more rapid metabolism. The ER is contiguous with the nuclear envelope. ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------- ------TRUE Facilitated diffusion uses a channel protein to let components move down their concentration gradient. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------TRUE Explain how the vesicles are carried from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The vesicles are carried from the Golgi to the plasma membrane by the microtuble system (which doesn't reach all the way to the plasma membrane) so then it later goes to the actin filament system (which are connected to plasma membrane) For a protein to enter the endoplasmic reticulum as part of the endoplasmic reticulum's lumen or part of the endoplasmic reticulum's membrane: A. The messenger RNA goes directly to the ER. B. A ribosome binds to the mRNA and a short stretch of protein is synthesized that contains a signal sequence. C. Ribosomes at the endoplasmic reticulum bind to the protein
D. Is a random event and one day the protein could go to the ER and on another day the same protein could associate with a free polyribosome. E. None of the above. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------B. A ribosome binds to the mRNA and a short stretch of protein is synthesized that contains a signal sequence. Comparing a single-celled eukaryotic organism with a multicellular organism such as yourself identify the major difference from the list below. A. Escape from predator B. Finding a mate C. Division of Labor D. Find it's own food E. Nucleus ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------C. Division of labor The paramecium swims by way of using a flagella. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------- ---------FALSE The contractile vacuole of the paramecium is possibly an evolutionary precursor of the kidney. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------TRUE The paramecium discussed in class contained an organelle called the contractile vacuole. This is the presumed precursor of the:
Compared to bacteria which of the cell types below are not responsible for finding food" A. Lymphocyte B. Macrophage C. Fibroblast D. None of the above E. Answers a, b, and c ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------E. Answers A, B, C What limits the paramecium from acquiring more complex functions? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Limited number of biomolecular machines A normal cell is anchorage-dependent for growth and mortal. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------TRUE In order to examine cells which are smaller than can be detected by the human senses what needs to be used? (pick the best answer). A. Patience B. Hypotheses C. Technology D. A cell trap E. None of the above ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------C. Technology
In Cell Biology what can limit the progress of science? A. Lymphocyte B. Progress C. Eating D. Bacteria E. Technology ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------E. Technology A cancer cell will be anchorage-dependent for growth and immortal. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------FALSE A cell that is itself an organism must have a minimum of four needs presented in lecture. List these four things. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Find food, find shelter, find a mate, and reproduce Write a few sentences that explain what limits an individual cell from becoming more complex. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Limited number in biomolecular machines The end of the retraction fiber touching the cell culture plate still contains the cell equivalent of super-glue. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------TRUE
What are the orphaned organelles orphaned from? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------ -----------Orphaned from the endomembrane system When a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane the contents of the lumen of the vesicle are: A. Ligands that enter the nucleus. B. Ligands that become the part of the plasma membrane. C. Ligands that are used in cell communication. D. Two of the above. E. Part of the nuclear pore complex. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------C. Ligands that are used in cell communication. Draw a phospholipid and make sure the numbers of carbons are clearly identified. ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Heterochromatin does not exist in interphase nuclei. ---------CORRECT ANSWER---- -------------FALSE Naked DNA does not exist in Nature but scientists can make naked DNA in a test tube. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------TRUE
Molecular motors run on which two cytoskeletal filament systems? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------ACTIN FILAMENTS AND MICROTUBULES Chromosomes are made out of Euchromatin. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------------- ---FALSE The diameter of an intermediate filament is 25 nm. ---------CORRECT ANSWER------ -----------FALSE Where is the histone H1 found? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Used as a staple to attach DNA to nucleosomes Cilia and microvilli contain a similar number of parallel actin filaments. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------FALSE The actin filament system is present in the nucleus. ---------CORRECT ANSWER------ -----------FALSE Consider the geography of cells. Actin filaments are present in the cell's ___ and the microtubules are present in the cell's ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- CELL CORTEX; CELL INTERIOR
For a cell to respond to a ligand released from a cell and uses the circulatory system to get to the responding cell it is called ____________ communication. ---- -----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------ENDOCRINE There are two basic forms of cytoplasmic signaling (i.e. signal transduction). One uses ____________ and the other uses ____________. ---------CORRECT ANSWER- ----------------CALCIUM SIGNAL, PROTEIN KINASES When a cell "talks to itself" it is called ____________ communication. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------AUTOCRINE There are two basic types of communication within cells. One type is called ____________ signaling and it takes days to weeks to occur. The other type is called _________ communication and it takes minutes to hours to act. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------NUCLEAR, CYTOPLASMIC Two types of second messengers discussed in lecture can exist downstream of a plasma membrane receptor. These are ____________ and ____________. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------GTP BINDING PROTEINS & ADENYLYL CYCLASE There is communication between cells and communication ____________ cells. -- -------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------WITHIN
There are two types of receptors. One type of receptor binds to polar (hydrophilic) ligands and this is the receptor located in the ____________ ____________ (two words). ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------PLASMA MEMBRANE For a cell to respond to a ligand released from a neighboring cell where the ligand diffuses directly from one cell to another is called ____________ communication. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------PARACRINE When insulin binds to a receptor, this signal first uses ____________. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------KINASES MAPK has two different functions depending on where this kinase acts in the ____________ ____________(two words). If the kinase becomes active during interphase the cell is triggered to progress through the ____________ ____________(two words). ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------CELL CYCLE, CELL CYCLE At these checkpoints, a cyclin works with a cyclin-dependent kinase (i.e., Cdk) to regulate the checkpoint. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------TRUE
The synthesis/presence of cyclin is what turns on the Cdk as the Cdk is always present but it is the cyclin that is synthesized and degraded in cycles. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------TRUE The _________ begins to be destroyed at the metaphase of the cell cycle causing the chromosomes to begin to _________. ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- CYCLIN B & DECONDENSE Many chemotherapy drugs act by arresting the cell in M-phase of the cell cycle. --- ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------TRUE Cytoplasmic signal transduction controls the checkpoints of the cell cycle. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------TRUE Cytokinesis in plant and animal cells takes two forms. List them here. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------PLANT -- PHRAGMOPLAST FORMATION ANIMAL -- CONTRACTILE RING FORMATION In the time span of 10 years every cell in your adult body goes through the cell cycle. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------FALSE
In your body not all cells go through the cell cycle. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------- ---------TRUE List the three categories of cells in the body with regard to the cell cycle. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Cells that never go through cell cycle Cells that can be induced into cell cycle by injury Cells that constantly go through cell cycle
