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Human Physiology: Questions and Answers, Exams of Biology

A series of questions and answers related to human physiology, covering topics such as the respiratory system, circulatory system, excretory system, and nervous system. It provides a concise overview of key concepts and processes within these systems, making it a valuable resource for students studying human biology or related fields.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 02/26/2025

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What is the maximum number of molecules of oxygen that can bind to hemoglobin? -
ANSWER>>4
The lungs are in the thoracic cavity, but they are also in another cavity. What is the name of that
other cavity? - ANSWER>>Pleural cavity
When oxygen passes from the lungs into the circulatory system as a gas, how many cells does it
have to pass through to be in the circulatory system? - ANSWER>>2, Alveoli and Capillary
The excretory system uses oxygen because oxygen diffuses more rapidly into the excretory
system because it contains water in the urine. - ANSWER>>False
In the proximal convoluted tubule useful molecules are collected and brought back into the
circulatory system such as glucose and amino acids, but not the toxic materials. -
ANSWER>>True
Blood pressure is the force that drives molecules out of the glomerulus into the Bowman's
capsule. - ANSWER>>True
Blood pressure drives red blood cells and plasma proteins out of the glomerulus. -
ANSWER>>False
There is a reserve of oxygen in the muscles held by . -
ANSWER>>Myoglobin
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What is the maximum number of molecules of oxygen that can bind to hemoglobin? - ANSWER>> 4 The lungs are in the thoracic cavity, but they are also in another cavity. What is the name of that other cavity? - ANSWER>>Pleural cavity When oxygen passes from the lungs into the circulatory system as a gas, how many cells does it have to pass through to be in the circulatory system? - ANSWER>>2, Alveoli and Capillary The excretory system uses oxygen because oxygen diffuses more rapidly into the excretory system because it contains water in the urine. - ANSWER>>False In the proximal convoluted tubule useful molecules are collected and brought back into the circulatory system such as glucose and amino acids, but not the toxic materials. - ANSWER>>True Blood pressure is the force that drives molecules out of the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule. - ANSWER>>True Blood pressure drives red blood cells and plasma proteins out of the glomerulus. - ANSWER>>False There is a reserve of oxygen in the muscles held by. - ANSWER>> Myoglobin

When you inhale which set of muscles uses the least amount of ATP and triggers the parasympathetic nervous system? - ANSWER>> Diaphragm

Toxins including urea (in mammals) is driven out of the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule. - ANSWER>>True The medulla of the kidney secretes epinephrine. - ANSWER>>False Urine leaves the body through the urethra. - ANSWER>>True Efferent sterilizes enter the Bowman's capsule and afferent arterioles leave the Bowman's capsule. - ANSWER>>False The kidney filters about 180 Liters of blood per day. - ANSWER>>True When the Sympathetic nervous system is triggered glycogen is broken down to glucose to provide more energy. - ANSWER>>True The parasympathetic nervous system is triggered to act by the exposure to epinephrine. - ANSWER>>False The medulla of the adrenal gland produces epinephrine (adrenaline). - ANSWER>>True Vitamin D is really a hormone. - ANSWER>>True Vitamin D is synthesized from cholesterol. - ANSWER>>True Vitamin D causes the parathyroid to inhibit new PTH synthesis. - ANSWER>>True Insulin is a ligand. - ANSWER>>True

Insulin is produced by alpha cells. - ANSWER>>False; produced by beta cells. Central Nervous System (CNS) contains: - ANSWER>>None of the above answers is correct. The cell body refers to the part of the neurons that begin at the dendrites and extend to the axon terminal. - ANSWER>>False Fast neurons as described in lecture require cytoplasmic signal transduction to open an ion channel. - ANSWER>>False Fast neurons as described in lecture are fast because they are surrounded by a type of glial cell that results in a myelin coating. - ANSWER>>False The axon from a pre-synaptic cell contacts the axon of another neuron. - ANSWER>>False The terminal web: - ANSWER>>is a site of exocytosis Excitatory synapses make the post-synaptic cell less likely to fire. - ANSWER>>False Excitatory synapses cause depolarization of the post-synaptic cell. - ANSWER>>True The axon hillock in the pre-synaptic neuron fires based on temporal and spatial summation of inputs. - ANSWER>>True The resting potential of neurons is: - ANSWER>>The answer is not on this list; about - 70 mV

One of the problems with the increased surface area of the lungs is that the could stick to each other causing the lungs to collapse. To get around this the body secretes into the lungs. - ANSWER>>Alveoli; Surfactant The pulmonary artery contains oxygenated blood. - ANSWER>>False The atrioventricular node fires after the sinoatrial node. - ANSWER>>True Once inside the circulatory system is the molecule that binds oxygen. - ANSWER>>Hemoglobin Red blood cells carry CO2 back to the lungs. - ANSWER>>False The slow flow of blood in the capillaries facilitates the production of bicarbonates in the blood. - ANSWER>>True The two circuits in the heart and the cardiovascular system have the same blood pressure. - ANSWER>>False When the ventricles contract, blood is pushed out into the artery and the artery stretches because of its elastic layers allowing the blood to continue to flow into the circulatory system while the ventricle is relaxing. - ANSWER>>True The inspiratory and expiratory reserves make up the total volume in the lungs. - ANSWER>>False Veins and venueles have valves in them, but arteries and arterioles do not. - ANSWER>>True

The heart contains two circuits. Name them. - ANSWER>>Pulmonary circuit and Systemic circuit The blood flow slows down in the capillaries because the increased total area of the capillary is very large. - ANSWER>>True What does carbonic anhydrase do? - ANSWER>>Converts CO2 and H2O into H2CO3...carbonic acid, which is eventually broken down into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The slow flow of blood in the capillaries facilitates release of oxygen. - ANSWER>>True I'm capillaries the blood pressure pushes nutrients out of the capillaries towards the cells. - ANSWER>>True The partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs causes it to load into the circulatory system. - ANSWER>>True Nutrients and oxygen can leave the arteries and arterioles to reach the cell. - ANSWER>>False Surfactants is one of the later components made in the fetus (prior to birth). - ANSWER>>True The kidney gets rid of toxins. - ANSWER>>True What happens to the nephron of the blood pressure drops significantly? - ANSWER>> The kidney controls the water balance in the body. - ANSWER>>True