Download BIO 181 ASU Capco Exam 2 (Latest 2023-2024) - Study Guide with Verified Answers and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
BIO 181 ASU Capco Exam 2 (Latest 2023 – 2024)
With Verified Answers
A nticodon - In the ribosome, what pairs with the codon? peptide bond - In the ribosome, what is the name of the bond that links one amino acid to the next? uracil instead of thymine - Which nucleotide is different in RNA compared to DNA? purines and pyrimidines - List the two basic categories of nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids. False - T/F Uridine is a nucleotide in DNA. False - T/F RNA is double stranded. Introns - During mRNA maturation what is the name of the part of the mRNA that is removed? Free or Membrane Bound - There are two types of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. These two types can be distinguished because the polyribosome is either or. Ribose - Which sugar is present in RNA? Leading strand - Which strand is produced more rapidly? T or thymidine - In DNA, what does the nucleotide labeled as A pair with? Nucleosome - The double helix of DNA is wrapped about 1¾ times around which of these components?
RNA splicing - List one type of post-translational modification. Nucleic acid to amino acid - Protein synthesis changes from the language of to the language of.
- Draw the sugar in DNA and label the carbons as discussed in the lecture. Then circle the carbon that is different in RNA. Helicase - Which enzyme unwraps the double helix? 12 - Assume that you have a eukaryotic cell with three chromosomes within it. How many 5' ends would there be? Primase - For DNA Polymerase III to work which of these components has to act first? Okazaki fragments - During DNA replication in the lagging strand there is production of this component? True - T/F During DNA replication is greatly reduced by enzymes that proof read the newly replicated DNA. initiation, elongation, termination - RNA synthesis, also called RNA transcription occurs in three phases. List them from beginning to end in order. Primase - Which enzyme is used first to permit DNA polymerase III to begin replicating the 3' strand? True - T/F The genetic code for the conversion of mRNA codons to proteins has redundancy. AUG - In eukaryotic cells the start codon for protein synthesis is. 3 - How many "stop" codons exist?
mitochondrial matrix - Where is carbon dioxide produced? True - T/F FADH2 results as one of the products of the citric acid cycle. True - T/F Having a fever of 100 oF can help you fight off infections. False - Natural killer cells are part of the specific immune system. True - T/F A bacterium coated by antibodies is a signal that a macrophage should endocytose (eat) it False - T/F Bone marrow is a site where mature immune cells are found. The leg muscles contracting and moving force the fluid up the leg where it is a one way valve and can not come back down. - How does the lymph fluid return from the legs to the circulatory system? True - T/F There are times when the spleen can be considered to be the primary lymph node. True - T/F Red blood cells originate from the bone marrow. False - T/F You should have your appendix removed whenever possible. True - T/F Memory cells "remember" the antigen and make a faster and greater response the next time the antigen is encountered. Histamine - Inflammation is caused by an increased blood supply due to ______________ released by some cells of the immune system. True - T/F Lymph nodes are a place where cells of the immune system accumulate and share information.
True - T/F B and T cells are called lymphocytes lymph nodes, lymph channels, spleen, thymen, bone marrow - Lymphatic tissue is composed of the following five components. Please list them. blast formation, plasma, memory - When a B cell is shown an antigen on a class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein it will go through ______________ ______________ and B cells subsequently can become ______________ and/or ______________ ______________. True - T/F Mast cells release histamine. True - T/F The humoral immune system involves cells in the immune system. True - T/F A bacterium coated by antibodies is a signal that a macrophage should endocytose (eat) it False - T/F Any cell can present an antigen on a class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein. Tolerance - When immune cells mature and can recognize trans-membrane proteins indicating "self", this is called ______________. False - T/F Red blood cells are a part of the immune system Natural bacteria and fungi on the body - In the lecture we discussed normal flora, this refers to: T cell receptor, epitope - If a macrophage endocytoses (i.e., eats) an antigen it can digest it and present it on a ______________ Major histocompatibility complex protein to a ______________. False - T/F In 1 mL of blood, there are 1.5 million white blood cells
mouth, amalyze - The digestive track begins with the ___________________ and the first enzyme added is ___________________. glycogen, fat, protein - List the order in which storage compounds are utilized if there is no intake of food. mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, serosa - List the layers of the digestive track covered by a thick layer of mucous. esophageal sphincter, pyloric sphincter - The esophagus has two distinct muscles that close off the tube. What are these called? small intestine - 90% of absorption in the intestine occurs where? release of insulin from pancreas - When glucose is taken in by the digestive track and enters your blood, cells are triggered to take in the glucose by what mechanism? The enzymes start in the rough ER and then go through the golgi apparatus and onto the vesicles. - In what way is the making of a primary lysosome similar to the enzymes delivered by the pancreas? Digestion breaks down food into small pieces in the early stages of the digestion system. Absorption is when the intestines physically absorb the nutrients into the body. - Write a few sentences to distinguish between digestion and absorption. True - T/F If something is called a vitamin, it cannot be made by the organism and must be taken in as a part of diet. Bile is made from your body's cholesterol. Oatmeal reduces cholesterol levels because it sticks to the cholesterol and makes it so the colon cant absorb it. - What is bile made from? And how does oatmeal reduce cholesterol levels? bicarbonate ions - How does the pancreas neutralize the pH of the chyme that comes from the stomach?
