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BIO-169 FINAL EXAM PRACTICE questions with correct answers.
Typology: Exams
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The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the ________ system in many ways. - ✔✔ENDOCRINE ________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues. - ✔✔HORMONES The hypothalamus is an important organ in both the ________ and ________ systems. - ✔✔endocrine; nervous The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is - ✔✔ADH Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the - ✔✔thyroid gland The adrenal medulla produces the hormones - ✔✔epinephrine and norepinephrine The outer layer of the adrenal gland is the - ✔✔cortex. The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cells is - ✔✔insulin. Melatonin is produced by the - ✔✔pineal gland Two hormones that have opposing effects are called - ✔✔antagonists Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells? - ✔✔erythropoietin
The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the - ✔✔hematocrit. Plasma is closest in ionic composition to - ✔✔interstitial fluid. Which blood type consists of plasma containing both anti-A and anti-B antibodies? - ✔✔type O Compared to arteries, veins - ✔✔have thinner walls Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel? - ✔✔tunica intima The superior vena cava collect blood from the - ✔✔head, chest, and upper limbs. Submit The vein in the arm commonly sampled for blood by venipuncture is the - ✔✔median cubital vein. An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the ________ artery. - ✔✔internal carotid ________ is to contraction as ________ is to relaxation. - ✔✔Systole; diastole Stroke volume depends on all of the following except - ✔✔cardiac output. Where is blood pressure highest? - ✔✔artery Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increased - ✔✔parasympathetic innervation. To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body - ✔✔All of the answers are correct.
The openings to the nostrils are the - ✔✔external nares. Inhaling through the nostrils is preferred over the mouth because - ✔✔it allows better conditioning of the inhaled air. Which of the following statements about the trachea is false? - ✔✔It is reinforced with D-shaped cartilages. Air traveling from the segmental bronchi must pass through the ________ to reach the pulmonary lobule. - ✔✔terminal bronchioles Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is - ✔✔bound to hemoglobin All of the following are true regarding carbonic anhydrase except that - ✔✔it can convert carbonic acid into O2. The neonatal period extends - ✔✔for the first month of life The developmental period heralded by the onset of puberty is known as - ✔✔adolescence. A zygote whose genotype is XY will develop as a - ✔✔male Trisomy 21 is the clinical term for - ✔✔Down syndrome What is the function of gonads? - ✔✔produce gametes and produce hormones The ________ of a sperm contains the enzymes essential for fertilization. - ✔✔acrosomal cap
The paired erectile bodies in the penis are the - ✔✔corpora cavernosa Testosterone is secreted by the - ✔✔interstitial cells Fertilization of an ovum usually takes place in the - ✔✔uterine tube. The main portion of the uterus is called the - ✔✔body. The clitoris - ✔✔contains erectile tissue comparable to the corpora cavernosa of the penis. ________ are the organs of milk production. - ✔✔Mammary glands The breasts are attached to the chest superficial to the ________ muscle. - ✔✔pectoralis major The surge in luteinizing hormone that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers - ✔✔ovulation. Secondary sexual characteristics - ✔✔may develop in response to testosterone or estrogen. "Natural family planning" is an alternative term for which form of birth control? - ✔✔the rhythm method Which hormone stimulates the thirst mechanism? - ✔✔ADH The amount of potassium excreted by the kidneys is regulated mainly by - ✔✔aldosterone. ________ play(s) a key role in maintaining acid-base homeostasis by eliminating carbon dioxide. - ✔✔The respiratory system
Countercurrent multiplication takes place in the - ✔✔nephron loop. The mechanism for producing concentrated urine involves all of the following except - ✔✔the release of natriuretic peptides. Which of the tubules is impermeable to water? - ✔✔ascending limb of the nephron loop The inability of the kidneys to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is termed - ✔✔renal failure. The area of the urinary bladder bounded by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra is called the
Choose the correct statement regarding glycolysis. - ✔✔There is a net gain of two ATP molecules for each glucose molecule. ________ carry excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver. - ✔✔High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) The lipoproteins that carry absorbed lipids from the intestinal tract to the bloodstream are the - ✔✔chylomicrons. The vitamin that is required for proper bone growth and for calcium absorption and retention is vitamin
Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be ________ when released into the bloodstream, but ________ when released at synapses. - ✔✔hormones; neurotransmitters Which structure secretes hormones involved in the stimulation and coordination of the immune response? - ✔✔thymus Which endocrine structure synthesizes hormones involved with fluid balance and smooth muscle contraction? - ✔✔hypothalamus The most complex endocrine responses that integrate the nervous and endocrine system involve the - ✔✔hypothalamus. The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by - ✔✔secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system. The posterior pituitary gland secretes - ✔✔ADH. The hormone oxytocin does all of the following except - ✔✔is responsive to osmoreceptors. The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is - ✔✔FSH. The pituitary hormone that controls the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex is - ✔✔ACTH. Which anterior pituitary hormone induces ovulation in females and stimulates sex hormone production by the interstitial cells of the testes in males? - ✔✔luteinizing hormone (LH) Somatomedins __________. - ✔✔stimulate tissue growth by increasing amino acid uptake
A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is - ✔✔CALCITONIN The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is - ✔✔PARATHYROID HORMONE A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is - ✔✔ALDOSTERONE Activation of the renin-angiotensin system stimulates secretion of which adrenal gland hormone? - ✔✔MINERALOCORTICOID The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce ________ which ________ blood sugar. - ✔✔INSULIN & LOWERS Which is a function of melatonin in humans? - ✔✔SETS CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS The term used to describe excess production of urine is - ✔✔POLYURIA The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of - ✔✔ANGIOTENSIN I If a patient is administered a powerful glucocorticoid (such as prednisone) to suppress the immune system, what unintended effects might this have on blood chemistry? - ✔✔BOTH AN INCREASE OF INSULIN & AN INCREASE OF BLOOD GLUCOSE An excess of which hormone can lead to acromegaly? - ✔✔ 6 Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood except - ✔✔VISCOSITY ABOUT THE SAME AS WATER Which of the following is NOT a function of the blood? - ✔✔GENERATES BODY TEMP. Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins? - ✔✔LIVER
Which heart chamber receives blood from the lungs? - ✔✔left atrium The cavity that contains only the heart is the - ✔✔pericardial cavity. The ________ lines the chambers of the heart, covers the heart valves, and is continuous with the endothelium. - ✔✔endocardium There are ________ pulmonary veins. - ✔✔ 4 Coronary veins empty into the - ✔✔right atrium The left ventricle pumps blood to the - ✔✔aorta Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the - ✔✔pulmonary valve Which pathology is described as a thickening and toughening of arterial walls? - ✔✔arteriosclerosis The ________ valve opens when left ventricular pressure exceeds aortic blood pressure. - ✔✔aortic The first heart sound ("lubb") is associated with - ✔✔closing of the mitral valve. The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from - ✔✔depolarization of the atria. Submit The heart is innervated by ________ nerves. - ✔✔both parasympathetic and sympathetic ________ is to slow heart rate as ________ is to fast heart rate. - ✔✔Bradycardia; tachycardia
Cardiac output can be increased by all of the following except - ✔✔decreasing ejection fraction. Blood returning from the systemic circuit enters the - ✔✔right atrium. Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance except - ✔✔vasodilation. The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the - ✔✔concentration of plasma proteins. Natriuretic peptide release by the heart __________. - ✔✔results in increased sodium loss in urine Angiogenesis refers to - ✔✔the growth of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels. Identify the largest artery in the body. (Module 19.16A) - ✔✔aorta A substance that provokes an immune response is called a(n) - ✔✔antigen. Which lymph node structure is dominated by T cells? - ✔✔paracortex Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called ________ immunity. - ✔✔naturally acquired passive T cells release cytokines to stimulate the activation of - ✔✔B cells. Rheumatoid arthritis: - ✔✔is an autoimmune disorder. The trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli all make up the - ✔✔lower respiratory tract.
________ are blade-shaped teeth that function in cutting or clipping. - ✔✔Incisors The crown of a tooth is covered by - ✔✔enamel. Ascites, the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, would not be caused by - ✔✔dehydration. What is the falciform ligament? (Module 22.9A) - ✔✔remnant of the ventral mesentery between the liver and the anterior wall of the peritoneal cavity Aggregated lymphoid nodules are characteristic of the - ✔✔ileum. The cecum and the vermiform appendix are physically located in the - ✔✔right inguinal region. An intestinal hormone that stimulates contraction of the gallbladder to release bile is - ✔✔cholecystokinin. Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called - ✔✔mass movements. Haustra are - ✔✔expansible pouches of the colon. The ________ gland empties into the oral cavity at the level of the second upper molar. - ✔✔parotid What is the function of the gallbladder? (Module 22.20D) - ✔✔store and concentrate bile The ________ is formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct. - ✔✔common bile duct
How are most nutrients absorbed in the digestive tract eventually transported out of the digestive system? - ✔✔through the hepatic portal vein Where does most nutrient absorption occur? (Module 23.8B) - ✔✔in the small intestine, primarily in the jejunum Urea is formed in the - ✔✔liver. The vitamin whose deficiency causes beriberi is - ✔✔thiamine. Pellagra, an epithelial and mucosal deterioration, results from a deficiency in - ✔✔vitamin B3 (niacin). Which type of nephron is essential for water conservation and concentrated urine production? (Module 24.3C) - ✔✔juxtamedullary nephrons The glomerular capsule and the glomerulus make up the - ✔✔renal corpuscle. Formation of angiotensin I is triggered by ______. - ✔✔renin Which of the following is characterized as a slowly progressing disease that is irreversible? - ✔✔chronic renal failure Urine is transported by the ________, stored within the ________, and eliminated through the ________. (Module 24.16A) - ✔✔ureters; urinary bladder; urethra What is the term for painful or difficult urination? (Module 24.18A) - ✔✔dysuria Intracellular fluid is found only within - ✔✔the cells of the body.