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BIO 1406 - lab exam 3 questions and
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Mitosis ✔✔division of a cell nucleus in which the chromosomes number stays the same
Mitosis purpose ✔✔increase cell number during growth, development and repair
Cytokinesis ✔✔division of cytoplasm
sister chromatids ✔✔duplicates of an original chromosome
centromere region ✔✔whats holding chromatids together
spindle ✔✔football shaped structure composed of microtubules. involved in moving chromosomes during cell division
centrioles ✔✔form the poles in animal cells
asters ✔✔made of short microtubules that radiate from centrioles in animal cells
cell plate ✔✔produces cytokinesis in plant cells and is the beginning of a new cell well
cleavage furrow ✔✔constriction that produces cytokinesis in animal cells
interphase ✔✔in animal cells, the centrioles are duplicated herer
G1 phase ✔✔period of cell growth in interphase
S phase ✔✔period of growth and duplication of chromosomes and DNA
G2 phase ✔✔period of growth before mitosis
prophase ✔✔-chromosomes become visable due to coiling and compaction of chromosome fibers
- centriold move to opposite ends of the cell with spindle fibers forming between them
- nucleoli disappear
meiosis purpose ✔✔reduce the chromosomes by half in eukaryotes to make sexuality possible
mitosis specifics ✔✔- one division
- chromosome number not changed
- homologous chromosomes do not pair
- produces two daughter cells
meiosis specifics ✔✔- two divisions
- chromosome number reduced by 1/
- homologous chromosomes do not pair
- produces four cells that are not identical
homologous chromosomes ✔✔chromosomes that are the same size and shape and their genes control the same inherited character
diploid (2n) ✔✔having 2 sets of chromosomes
haploid (n) ✔✔having 1 set of chromosomes
synapsis ✔✔paring of homologous chromosomes
crossing over ✔✔exchange of chromatid parts between homologous chromosomes
meiosis occurs ✔✔in the gonads in animals (testes - male, ovaries - female)
gametes ✔✔sex cells (sperm and eggs)
spermatogenesis ✔✔male
primary spermatocyte ✔✔
secondary spermatocyte ✔✔
spermatid ✔✔
secondary spermatocyte, spermatid, sperm, secondary oocyte, polar bodies, ootid, ovum (egg) ✔✔haploid
allele ✔✔alternative form of a gene
heterozygous ✔✔two alleles controlling a character are the same
dominant allele ✔✔expressed in both the heterozygous and homozygous conditions
recessive allele ✔✔expressed only in homozygous condition
genotype ✔✔genetic composition of an individual
phenotype ✔✔appearance of an individual
hybrid ✔✔offspring of two different genotypes
monohybrid cross ✔✔one character is followed from one generation to another
dihybrid cross ✔✔two characters are followed from one generation to another
sex-linked genes ✔✔genes inherited on the sex chromosomes (X and Y)
carrier ✔✔females who are heterozygous for a sex linked gene
hemizygous ✔✔males who can have only one allele for a sex linked gene
segregation ✔✔members of a pair of alleles separate and go into different gametes
independent assortment ✔✔separation and distribution of one pair of allele is independent of the separation and distribution of any other pair of alleles
deviation ✔✔observed - expected =
incomplete dominance ✔✔red flower + white flower = pink flower
tRNA ✔✔RNA molecule that is attached to an amino acid and contains anticodon for amino acids
isolated DNA ✔✔strawberry juice - white clump
how restriction enzymes affect DNA ✔✔cuts the sugar-phosphate backbones at random places creating fragments
gel electrophoresis ✔✔process by which you can separate DNA fragments using an electrical field
