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BIO 1406 - Lab Exam 3: Cell Division and Genetics, Exams of Biology

A comprehensive overview of key concepts in cell division and genetics, including mitosis, meiosis, and basic principles of inheritance. It presents a series of questions and answers covering topics such as the stages of mitosis and meiosis, the role of chromosomes in cell division, and the mechanisms of inheritance. Suitable for students studying biology at the university level.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 11/10/2024

tizian-kylan
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BIO 1406 - lab exam 3 questions and
answers already passed
Mitosis ✔✔division of a cell nucleus in which the chromosomes number stays the same
Mitosis purpose ✔✔increase cell number during growth, development and repair
Cytokinesis ✔✔division of cytoplasm
sister chromatids ✔✔duplicates of an original chromosome
centromere region ✔✔whats holding chromatids together
spindle ✔✔football shaped structure composed of microtubules. involved in moving
chromosomes during cell division
centrioles ✔✔form the poles in animal cells
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BIO 1406 - lab exam 3 questions and

answers already passed

Mitosis ✔✔division of a cell nucleus in which the chromosomes number stays the same

Mitosis purpose ✔✔increase cell number during growth, development and repair

Cytokinesis ✔✔division of cytoplasm

sister chromatids ✔✔duplicates of an original chromosome

centromere region ✔✔whats holding chromatids together

spindle ✔✔football shaped structure composed of microtubules. involved in moving chromosomes during cell division

centrioles ✔✔form the poles in animal cells

asters ✔✔made of short microtubules that radiate from centrioles in animal cells

cell plate ✔✔produces cytokinesis in plant cells and is the beginning of a new cell well

cleavage furrow ✔✔constriction that produces cytokinesis in animal cells

interphase ✔✔in animal cells, the centrioles are duplicated herer

G1 phase ✔✔period of cell growth in interphase

S phase ✔✔period of growth and duplication of chromosomes and DNA

G2 phase ✔✔period of growth before mitosis

prophase ✔✔-chromosomes become visable due to coiling and compaction of chromosome fibers

  • centriold move to opposite ends of the cell with spindle fibers forming between them
  • nucleoli disappear

meiosis purpose ✔✔reduce the chromosomes by half in eukaryotes to make sexuality possible

mitosis specifics ✔✔- one division

  • chromosome number not changed
  • homologous chromosomes do not pair
  • produces two daughter cells

meiosis specifics ✔✔- two divisions

  • chromosome number reduced by 1/
  • homologous chromosomes do not pair
  • produces four cells that are not identical

homologous chromosomes ✔✔chromosomes that are the same size and shape and their genes control the same inherited character

diploid (2n) ✔✔having 2 sets of chromosomes

haploid (n) ✔✔having 1 set of chromosomes

synapsis ✔✔paring of homologous chromosomes

crossing over ✔✔exchange of chromatid parts between homologous chromosomes

meiosis occurs ✔✔in the gonads in animals (testes - male, ovaries - female)

gametes ✔✔sex cells (sperm and eggs)

spermatogenesis ✔✔male

primary spermatocyte ✔✔

secondary spermatocyte ✔✔

spermatid ✔✔

secondary spermatocyte, spermatid, sperm, secondary oocyte, polar bodies, ootid, ovum (egg) ✔✔haploid

allele ✔✔alternative form of a gene

heterozygous ✔✔two alleles controlling a character are the same

dominant allele ✔✔expressed in both the heterozygous and homozygous conditions

recessive allele ✔✔expressed only in homozygous condition

genotype ✔✔genetic composition of an individual

phenotype ✔✔appearance of an individual

hybrid ✔✔offspring of two different genotypes

monohybrid cross ✔✔one character is followed from one generation to another

dihybrid cross ✔✔two characters are followed from one generation to another

sex-linked genes ✔✔genes inherited on the sex chromosomes (X and Y)

carrier ✔✔females who are heterozygous for a sex linked gene

hemizygous ✔✔males who can have only one allele for a sex linked gene

segregation ✔✔members of a pair of alleles separate and go into different gametes

independent assortment ✔✔separation and distribution of one pair of allele is independent of the separation and distribution of any other pair of alleles

deviation ✔✔observed - expected =

incomplete dominance ✔✔red flower + white flower = pink flower

tRNA ✔✔RNA molecule that is attached to an amino acid and contains anticodon for amino acids

isolated DNA ✔✔strawberry juice - white clump

how restriction enzymes affect DNA ✔✔cuts the sugar-phosphate backbones at random places creating fragments

gel electrophoresis ✔✔process by which you can separate DNA fragments using an electrical field