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Bio 117 Hondros Exam 3 Study Guide
The apex of the heart is located (Ans- 5th intercostal space Which layer of the heart allows it to act as a pump? (Ans- Myocardium What is the apex of the heart? (Ans- The tip of the heart, pointing down towards the left 5th intercostal space. Which layer of the heart wall contains the epicardium? (Ans- Pericardium What surrounds the heart? (Ans- Pericardium What is related to the mitral valve (tricuspid valve)? (Ans- Bicuspid valve Which of the following contains oxygenated blood? (Ans- Left Atrium, Pulmonary veins, Aorta Which of the following contains deoxygenated blood? (Ans- Superior Vena Cava, Right Atrium, Pulmonary Arteries What supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle? (Ans- Coronary Arteries Which layer of the heart contains actin, myosin, and troponin? (Ans- Myocardium
Which valves are open during atrial systole? (Ans- Tricuspid Mitral What is true of blood leaving the tissues and traveling towards the right atrium? (Ans- Oxygen poor, carbon dioxide rich Valve that prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle when the left ventricle is in diastole? (Ans- Aortic The aorta receives blood from what structure? (Ans- Left ventricle Which vessel carries blood from the pulmonary capillaries to the left atrium? (Ans- Pulmonary veins Which cavity of the heart first receives unoxygenated blood from the vena cava? (Ans- Right atrium What is the right semilunar valve separating the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery? (Ans- The pulmonic valve What is the function of the pulmonic valve? (Ans- To prevent blood flow from the pulmonary arteries to the right ventricle during ventricular diastole What do heart rate and stroke volume determine? (Ans- Cardiac output What is the left ventricle doing when the right ventricle is contracting? (Ans- Pumping blood into the great vessels
What blood vessels bring unoxygenated blood to the liver? (Ans- Hepatic portal vein Insufficient blood supply to an organ? (Ans- Ischemia If the ductus arteriousus fails to close after birth, bloods shunts from the aorta to which blood vessel? (Ans- Pulmonary arteries Which direction does blood flow through the foramen ovale in the fetus? (Ans- From the right atrium to the left atrium What do baroreceptors regulate? (Ans- BP What is the common feature of epinephrine and norepinephrine? (Ans- Both are vassopressors Which of the following is true of vasoconstriction? (Ans- It's caused by sympathetic nerve stimulation What is true about epinephrine and norepinephrine? (Ans- They bind to beta-1 adrenergic receptors, and are secreted by the adrenal medulla, catecholamines Which of the following best explains the function of the skeletal muscle pump? (Ans- Enhanced movement of blood from the lower extremities towards the heart What happens if the capillary hydrostatic pressure exceeds plasma oncotic pressure? (Ans- Fluid is filtered into the insterstitium
What is cardiac output? (Ans- The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute What is albumin? (Ans- plasma protein What vitamins are fat soluble? (Ans- Vitamins A, D, E, K What vitamins are water soluble? (Ans- Vitamins B and C Functions of fat soluble vitamins? (Ans- Vitamin A: Vision. Vitamin K: Blood Clotting Vitamin D: Bone & Teeth Vitamin E: Antioxidant & skin health Functions of water soluble vitamins? (Ans- B12 & B9 are needed for proper CNS function and development Examples of macronutrients? (Ans- Carbs, Sugar, Potatoes, Pasta What is our number one fuel choice? (Ans- Carbohydrates, make most molecules out of carbs What is true of vitamins? (Ans- We cant live without them, and we don't make energy out of them. What is the name of the first heart sound? (Ans- lubb - closing of the aortic valve
digestive system structures (Ans- mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, pancreas, large intestine, rectum GI tract structures (Ans- mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus Functions of the liver (Ans- bile production, storage, nutrient interconversion, detoxification, phagocytosis, synthesis location of esophageal sphincter (Ans- between esophagus and stomach location of pyloric sphincter (Ans- between stomach and duodenum What are digestive enzymes? (Ans- pepsin, mucus, hydrochloric mechanical digestion examples (Ans- Mastication, stomach churning, peristalsis, emulsification by bile What fluid can be found between the visceral and parietal pericardium? (Ans- Serous Fluid
