






















Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
Review questions and answers related to blood, including its functions, composition, and formation. It also covers topics such as blood typing and transfusions. a comprehensive overview of the subject matter and is useful for students studying biology or related fields.
Typology: Exams
1 / 30
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
the fluid component of a solution - Answer solvent any material dissolved in a solution - Answer solute
a fluid containing dissolved materials - Answer solution a solution with water as its solvent - Answer aqueous solution a solution with dispersed proteins - Answer colloid solution a mixture of a solvent & a large solute - Answer suspension When left undisturbed, a solute will settle out of a solution due to ______. - Answer force of gravity settling of the solute out of a suspension - Answer sedimentation What are the 5 functions of the blood? - Answer 1) transportation of dissolved gases (O2 & CO2), nutrients, amino acids, fatty acids, hormones, wastes, & waters of metabolically active cells
What color is plasma? - Answer light yellow What is similar to plasma, but lacks the plasma proteins (will not coagulate because of this)? - Answer serum ______ will coagulate. _____ will not coagulate. - Answer Plasma; serum If whole blood is fractionated, what is the percentage of formed elements to plasma? - Answer - 45% consists of cells or formed elements
Blood is how many times thicker than water? - Answer 5x What is the average pH of blood? - Answer 7.4 (slightly alkaline) How much of plasma is water? - Answer 92% How much of plasma is protein? - Answer 7% What percentage of plasma proteins is albumin? - Answer 60% What percentage of plasma proteins is globulin? - Answer 35% What percentage of plasma proteins is fibrinogen? - Answer 4% Which plasma protein functions is promoting water retention in the blood by maintaining osmotic balance? - Answer albumin Which plasma protein is important in the transport of fats, vitamins, & hormone in the blood? - Answer transport globulins Which plasma protein is produced by plasma cells to help prevent disease? - Answer immunoglobulins (antibodies)
production & estrogen in females that does not stimulate red blood cell production. What is the percentage of RBCs in the formed elements? - Answer 99.9% What is the percentage of WBCs in the formed elements? - Answer <0.1% What is the percentage of platelets in the formed elements? - Answer <0.1% Describe the morphology (shape/structure) of a platelet. - Answer Platelets are small, membrane-bound fragments that contain enzymes & other substance important for clotting. What is the formation of blood cells? - Answer hemopoiesis (or hematopoiesis) Where does hemopoiesis occur in the body? - Answer red bone marrow What is an uncommitted embryonic cell found in the red bone marrow (bone stem cell)? - Answer hemocytoblast What occurs to blood cells in the process of maturation in becoming a committed mature cell (what happens to the size of the cell, the
nucleus, and the cytoplasm)? - Answer - Cells destined to become RBCs first differentiate into proerythroblasts.
What is platelet production that occurs within red bone marrow? - Answer thrombocytopoiesis What are enormous cells with large nuclei (up to 169 micrometers in diameter)? - Answer megakaryocytes What is the function of the megakaryocyte? - Answer They remain in red bone marrow and shed platelets into the bloodstream. What determines the RBC count, WBC, erythrocyte indices, hematocrit, and platelet count per 1 cubic milliliter of blood (or 1 microliter of blood)? - Answer complete blood count (CBC) What identifies the types and numbers of each white blood cell? - Answer WBC differential count What is the percentage of formed elements in whole blood? - Answer hematocrit (Hct) What is an elevated and a depressed hematocrit called? - Answer elevated: polycythemia depressed: anemia What is the concentration of hemoglobin in blood? - Answer hemoglobin (Hb)
What is an elevated and depressed hemoglobin called? - Answer elevated: polycythemia depressed: anemia What is the average weight of hemoglobin in one RBC? - Answer mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCH) What is a normal, an elevated, and a depressed mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration called? - Answer Normal MCH: normochromatic Elevated MCH: hyperchromic Depressed MCH: hypochromic What is the average volume in one RBC? - Answer mean corpuscular volume (MCV) What is a normal, an elevated, and a depressed mean corpuscular volume called? - Answer Normal MCV: normocytic Elevated MCV: macrocytic Depressed MCV: microcytic What is the number of RBCs per microliter of whole blood? - Answer RBC count What is an elevated and a depressed RBC count called? - Answer elevated: erythrocytosis/polycythemia
lose any organelle that is not directly associated with its primary function. Each hemoglobin molecule consists of ____ subunits of globular proteins which consists of ______. Within each protein subunit, there is a ____ group. - Answer 4; 2 alpha chains & 2 beta chains; heme What is an iron containing, non-protein pigment? - Answer heme What does the oxygen molecule chemically react with? - Answer iron (reacts weakly) How many molecules of oxygen can bind to one hemoglobin molecule?
What percentage of oxygen is transported through the circulation by hemoglobin? - Answer 98% What percentage of RBCs are recycled? - Answer 90% If an RBC is recycled, what cells phagocytize them? Where are these phagocytic cells located? - Answer RBCs are phagocytized by macrophages of the liver, spleen, & bone marrow. If hemoglobin is recycled, what is the fate of the respiratory pigment in heme (the iron, Fe)? - Answer Iron is extracted from heme & is transported to bone marrow or stored in the liver. If hemoglobin is recycled, what is the fate of the globulin? - Answer In globulin, amino acids are recycled to be reused for protein synthesis. When will an RBC fail to be recycled? - Answer when hemolysis occurs (ruptured cells cannot be recycled) What is the rupture of RBCs? - Answer hemolysis What is a substance that can trigger an immune response? - Answer antigen
If you are donating blood, what must be compatible with the recipient?
receive from: B & O What blood type can an individual with type AB blood donate to and receive from? - Answer donate to: AB receive from: A, B, AB, & O What blood type can an individual with type O blood donate to and receive from? - Answer donate to: A, B, AB, & O receive from: O What is the response of a mother's immune system to form antibodies against Rh-positive blood? - Answer sensitization Why do individuals with an Rh(-) blood type first be sensitized before reacting with incompatible blood Rh(+)? - Answer RhoGAM (has anti-Rh antibodies) is injected into a pregnant Rh- woman & the anti-Rh antibodies circulate the mother's (Rh-) bloodstream, where they destroy any fetal RBCs there. This prevents the mother's immune system from making antibodies against the developing fetus's red blood cells. Describe the events that occur between a mother and fetus to cause hemolytic disease of the newborn. - Answer - During pregnancy, when fetal & maternal vascular systems are closely intertwined, the mother's antibodies against RBC surface antigens may cross the placenta, attacking & destroying fetal RBCs.
What is a multi-lobed nucleus called? - Answer polymorphonucleated What WBCs are polymorphonucleated? - Answer neutrophils, eosinophils, & basophils What is a one-lobed nucleus called? - Answer monomorphonucleated What WBCs are monomorphonucleated? - Answer lymphocytes & monocytes How do WBCs move out of the bloodstream and into areas of injury or invasion? - Answer use the bloodstream WBCs are attached to specific chemical stimuli. This is known as ____ & allows WBCs to be guided toward pathogens & damaged tissues. - Answer positive chemotaxis What percentage of WBCs are neutrophils? - Answer 50-70% What type of WBC is phagocytic, engulfs pathogens or debris in injured or infected tissues, & releases cytotoxic enzymes & chemicals? - Answer neutrophils Describe the nucleus & cytoplasm of a neutrophil. - Answer nucleus: multi-lobed (resembles a string of beads)