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This document provides a complete chapter review for chapters 4 through 7 of the BIO 111-3 course at ECPI University. It contains a series of multiple-choice style questions with the correct answers provided, covering key concepts in anatomy and physiology. Topics include bone structure, skin function, epithelial tissues, chemical reactions in biology, and hormonal regulation. Ideal for exam preparation and concept reinforcement.
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Microscopic chambers in compact bone that contain osteocytes: - ANS-Lacuna NOT a proper base pairing for DNA - ANS-A to G The femur is a type of _________ bone - ANS-Long Chemical reaction that forms peptide bonds between amino acids to make a protein: - ANS-Dehydration synthesis Structure that causes goose bumps and hairs to stand up - ANS-Arrector pile muscle A short segments of DNA that codes for one protein: - ANS-Gene Microscopic tunnel in bone matrix that connects one lacuna to the next: - ANS- Canaliculus Epithelium that forms the inner lining of all blood vessels and microscopic air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs: - ANS-Simple squamous Chemical reaction that breaks down carbohydrates into monosaccharides: - ANS- Hydrolysis NOT a major function of skin: - ANS-Maintain body posture Pyruvate is often converted into _______ when oxygen is not present. - ANS-Lactic acid Process responsible for the development of most long bones that start as cartilaginous models: - ANS-Endochondral ossification Muscle tissue that is voluntary, striated, and multinucleated: - ANS-Skeletal Connective tissue made mostly of tightly packed collagen fibers, and can be found in tendons: - ANS-Dense regular CT Tissue/layer located just beneath the deepest layer of skin: - ANS-Subcutaneous Cylinder shaped unit of compact bone containing multiple lamella, multiple osteocytes, and one central canal: - ANS-Osteon
Membranes sealed from the external environment, and secrete lubrication for the internal organs (heart,lungs,stomach) - ANS-Serous membrane Characteristic unique to second degree burns: - ANS-Blisters Making protein from mRNA is called ___________ and it occurs in the _________. - ANS-Translation, cytoplasm Hormone released in response to low blood Ca2+, which activates bone cells that break down bone matrix: - ANS-Parathyroid hormone Term that describes an epithelium with only one layer: - ANS-Simple Cylinder shaped shaft and middle portion of a long bone: - ANS-Diaphysis Exocrine gland that secretes via whole cell lysis (rupture): - ANS-Holocrine Exocrine gland that secretes via small packets of cytoplasm - ANS-:apocrine Vitamin that enhances calcium absorption via the small intestines: - ANS-Vitamin D Upon excessively elevated body temperature, skin blood vessels tend to: - ANS- Vasodilate Considered a major hallmark of inflammation: - ANS-Redness Mature bone cell completely surrounded and trapped by bone matrix: - ANS-Osteocyte Long bones tend to lengthen at the part known as ______, as long as it remains cartilaginous. - ANS-Epiphyseal plate Glycolysis occurs in the: - ANS-cytosol Connective tissue that stores lipids, insulates, and protects against trauma: - ANS- Adipose Major function of bone: - ANS-Protect internal organs Epithelium that appears to have many layers, but actually does not: - ANS- Pseudostratified columnar Connective tissue often found in the intervertebral discs of the spinal column: - ANS- Fibrocartilage "Chondro-" - ANS-Cartilage Least common but most deadly of skin cancer: - ANS-melanoma