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A series of questions and exercises related to cell structure and function, covering topics such as the composition of the plasma membrane, protein structure, cell organelles, and basic biological concepts like diffusion and osmosis. It provides a valuable resource for students to test their understanding of these fundamental biological principles.
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If I give you atomic number and the atomic mass, you should be able to tell me the, uh, number of protons, electrons, neutrons, balance electrons. We've gone through that probably about a dozen times. I put it on the board. I put it on the board today. Everyone should know that at this point.
That's like a giveaway question. The periodic table of elements. You should know what that is. You know, it has all the elements on it. You know that the rows represent the number of electron shells.
The columns represent, uh, the number of valence electrons. The extreme right hand column, that's the inert gases and noble gases, uh, which don't interact with anywhere. So, uh, it's all straight phone stuff. You've gone through a whole bunch of times. You know that?
A couple of questions. Okay. You should know all about proteins. You know that proteins are made up of amino acids joined by peptide bonds, polypeptide chains, protein in there with 1 or polypeptide chains. Enzymes are proteins.
You should know that enzymes are protein. Do you know that proteins have nitrogen in them? We know that because the NH2, the amino group, uh, of the amino acids has nitrogen. We
functions that we talked about was facilitating diffusion where a protein forms a channel. The molecules go in and out. facilitating diffusion where a protein forms a channel.
component of the falciparum? Anybody wanna tell? Anyone can say what it is?
Right. The phospholipid bilayer. And there are proteins embedded in it. Everything I say now is right from the exam. I'm reading the exam now.
So if I say it now, it's on the exam. Make sure you know it. Remember, the protein structure is very complicated. The primary structure is the sequence of the amino acids. Remember, there are about 20 amino acids, um, and they are like the limit of the alphabet.
They form on the primary structure. And then because of the high then they form bends the high that are the secondary structure. They get three-dimensional of the hydrogen bonds, tertiary structure. Mhmm. Then you have more than 1, uh, chain as a tertiary structure.
So the company has structure, but the but the primary structure is the sequence of amino acids. About 20 amino acids, um, half of them produced by the body. Which is what we call them that are not produced by the body? Essential. Essential.
Right. Exactly. Central. This is all right on the exam. So, you know, make sure you get it down.
Make sure you know it. Every day I'm saying that is right from the exam. The different projections from the cell, the, uh, flagellum is very long one. It can tell the sperm cell. Microvili doesn't resurface air. They do not move. They do not do they do not, uh, require energy. That's the brush border. The brush border is microvilli. They, uh, just increase surface area for more absorption. They do not utilize the energy. Cilia are a little lower than the microvilli. They do move things around. They do require energy. An d what's what's our energy molecule?ATP
What is what do you call the network in the cell that could be rough or smooth? Endoplasmic reticulum.
Multiple choice. You would have had it. Um, it could be rough or smooth. What's on the rough and the plasma continuum? Uh, ribosomes.
Sometimes the things are all related to each other. Sometimes they're completely unrelated. It's just like getting covered a lot of topics in one question. The function group COOH, what's that? Acid.
what's a domain and what's not a domain.There are three main domains: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
Something that is not a domain would be a more specific classification, like a kingdom (such as Animalia or Plantae),.
can the energy be changed from one form to another? Yes or no? Yes. Transferred. Can be transferred from one body to another? Yes. Can it be created? No. Can it be destroyed? No. You got both conservation of energy. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed
What if we're the simple diffusion of water? Simple osmosis.
Water goes from greater water concentration to less water concentration, which is the opposite of the solid concentration. True or false? Facility diffusion requires an expenditure of energy. False.
True or false? Life requires an expenditure of energy. It's true. Where are the cells genetic material kept? Nucleus.
True or false? Helium is the smallest element? False What's the smallest element? Well, it's a small cell. Hydrogen
What's the solid form of water? Ice. What's the gaseous form of water? Steam.
What do you call a glycerol backbone with 3 fatty acids? Triglyceride.
Which of the organic molecules do not form polymers? Lipids Which of the organic molecules are non polar? Lipids. Which of the organic molecules hydrophobic? lipids
Name 2 nucleic acids? DNA AND RNA
Do they have they say they have non charges of spaces. Do they have all the same non charges of spaces Is there any differences? Different.
How do you describe the shape of DNA? Double helix.
Endergonic and exergonic reactions. What does exergonic mean? Release energy. We break bonds down? Endergonic Energy goes into it. When you break it down, energy is released.
Solute dissolves in solvent
Enzymes increase or decrease the energy of activation? Decrease. T OR F Cells is the basic unit of matter. FALSE
What's basically matterr? ATOM Oil is what type of organic molecule? Lipids
What kind of cells have cell wall? Plant cell
the structure of the protein made up of amino acids by peptide bonds. it's made up of 1 or more polypeptide chains. Prokaryotic cells don't have membranous compartments. They don't have membranous organelles. They don't have a nucleophilic nucleus.
Prokaryotic cells are the cells that do not have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles What do you call the enzymatic reactants?SUBSTRATE
What do you call the area of the enzyme that they attached to? ACTIVE SITE
What type of inhibitors will destroy active sites?Irreversible inhibitors What do we call substances that are not produced by the body? ESSIENTIAL Glucose, fructose, and galactose are monosaccharides.
A) anything can pass into or out of a cell.
B) the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others C) glucose cannot enter the cell. D) plasma membranes must be very thick.
organics, inorganics, gaseous, non-gaseous
carbohydrates, saccharides, lipids, proteins
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, amino acids
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
none of the above.
A) carbohydrate B) protein C) amino acid