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BIO 105 final EXAM LATEST SPRING
SUMMER EXAM 2025 100% ACCURATE
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
one way to remediate a newborn's microbiome following c-section delivery is?
- Employ antibiotics to keep dangerous pathogens away
- Employ high fiber foods to ensure SCFAs are produced
- Through breastfeeding which helps colonize the newborn's gut microbiome with mom's microbes
- Limit breastfeeding to ensure the newborn is not overwhelmed with skin microbes
- Through breastfeeding which helps colonize the newborn's gut microbiome with mom's microbes medical conditions associated with c-sections include auto-immune reactions, asthma, obesity, and type 2 diabetes
- true or false true
what a baby gets for a microbiome during (pregency, birth, death) depends upon their (mom, dad, sibling) microbiome. for ex if a bab'ys mother is (sick, obese, aggravted) it is more likely that the newborn will experience (avg weight, cancer, obesity) as an infant
- birth
- mother 3.obese
- obesity vag swabs have been approved by the FDA for babbies born via c-section
- true or false false Which of the following are involved in communication between the gut microbiome and the brain?
- microbial metabolties
- the immune system
- the vag nerve
- hormones all are correct
disruptions to the gut microbiome, say by ["olfaction", "infection", "digestion"] or a change in diet, can trigger reactions in the body that may affect psychological, behavioral, and anatomical health. For example, reactions such as the overproduction of inflammatory ["cytokines", "short chain fatty acids", "proteins"] or slowed production of neuroactive metabolites have been implicated in ["obesity", "depression", "malnutrition"]
- infection
- neurological
- cytokines
- depression People with depression have a less diverse gut microbiome, with higher levels of bacteria associated with ["production of SCFA's", "fermentation of resistant starches", "inflammation"] , like Bacteroidetes, and decreased levels of bacteria associated with ["production of SCFA's", "inflammation", "digestion"] , like Firmicutes.
- inflammation
- production of SCFA's choose the correct statement about measles from the list provided below?
- Measles was eradicated so there is no need to get vaccinated
- The mortality rate of children with measles is 3-7%
- Without vaccination, measles is about as dangerous as the flu
- Measles is the most contagious infectious disease
- Measles vaccination is a plot to inject our children with tracking devices
- the mortality rate of childern with measles is 3-7%
- measles is the most contagious infectious disease Experts estimate that, over the last 18 years, the measles vaccination alone has saved more than none at all very few 2,300 lives 200 lives 23 million lives. 23 million lives.
birth via-section in a more diverse newborn microbiome?
- true or flase false the vaginal microbiome plays a key role in establishing baby's first gut microbiome?
- true or false true one of the primary function of the vaginal microbiome is protective. identify all the major ways in which this microbiome accomplishes the protection producing hydrogen peroxide to damage host epithelial cells
- prodcing antimicorbials
- producing lactose inhibit viruses
- attaching to epithelial cells to prevent pathogens access
- producing lactic acid
- producing lactic acid
- producing antimicrobials
- attaching to epthithelial cells to prevent pathogen access bacterial vaginosis is an overgrowth of any number of "bad" bacteria. it can contribute to which of the following health outcomes?
- increased risk of STIs
- increased risk of preterm birth
- lowered risk of cervical cancer
- increased risk of pregnancy
- increased risk of skin cancer
- increased risk of STIs
- increased risk of preterm birth lactobacillus is referred to as blank species, due to its oversized role in the vaginal microbiome
- keystone
- primary
- critical
By 2050, antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens will be the leading cause of death worldwide.
- true or false true Each of the following strategies limit the evolution of antibiotic resistance EXCEPT for... Not taking antibiotics for symptoms of a cold Limiting our use of antibiotics Increasing our use of antibiotics in agriculture Following the prescription instructions Increasing our use of antibiotics in agriculture The gut microbiome contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome symptomsw through which of the following mechanisms
Impacting tight junctions in the cells lining of the large intestine Decreasing production of SCFAs Decreasing levels of energy harvesting Increasing levels of energy harvesting Increasing production of SCFAs Improving tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells
- Impacting tight junctions in the cells lining of the large intestine
- Decreasing production of SCFAs
- Decreasing levels of energy harvesting
- Improving tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells Use of antibiotics can impact your gut microbiome and result in weight gain
- true or false
- The genus Homo has unusually small brain volumes compared to their body size
- One million years ago the brain volume of Homo had reached its maximum
- It appears that our transition to starch rich food provided just what was needed to permit rapid brain expansion in the genus Homo.
- It appears that our transition to starch rich food provided just what was needed to permit rapid brain expansion in the genus Homo. We can determine if the microbiome of humans and great apes share an evolutionary history if: The phylogenetic tree of microbiomes There is no way to prove this
Ape microbiomes also play a role in immune system education and regulation The microbiome of humans and chimpanzees have at least 95% species composition similarity The phylogenetic tree of microbiomes Comparing gut microbiomes from present day hunter-gatherers and people living in industrialized areas reveals that lifestyles and diets do matter
- true or false true The microbiomes of Hazda individuals are differentfrom that of people in industrialized areas because they: Are consistent over time Have more bacteria that digest complex carbohydrates
- for the first time we were separating ourselves from our environment
- there is nothing noteable about this early civilization for the first time we were separating ourselves from our environment The Puebloans are noteable when studying the microbiome of the built environment because t-hey lived in communal homes
- their homes and the activities that occured in them created the first MoBE
- their homes hosted a surprisingly high level of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (the cause of TB)
- they built homes
- their homes and the activities that occured in them created the first MoBE
- their homes hosted a surprisingly high level of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (the cause of TB) The primary difference in MoBE between primitive and advanced dwellings is the degree of separation between the microbiomes and the external environment
- true or false true Signs of an unhealthy gut include Correct Answer Digestive issues Fatigue Feeling satiated after eating A food transit time of 10 to 32 hours Food sensitivities Digestive issues Fatigue Food sensitivities
The upper vaginal regions harbors high levels of microbial diversity The vaginal regions sampled display similar levels of microbial diversity
- The lower vaginal region is dominated by Lactobacillus
- The upper vaginal regions harbors high levels of microbial diversity HPV, or _________ is a sexually transmitted virus that can cause genital cancers and cancer of the throat, the base of the tongue, and tonsils. human carcinoma human skin cancer human papillomavirus
human papillomavirus Breastmilk has over 200 oligosaccharides that cannot be digested by humans and require microbes to ferment.
- true or flase true C-section newborns have gut microbiomes that resemble mom's skin microbiome and have elevated levels of hospital microbes, while vaginal birth babies have microbiomes that resemble primarily the mothers gut microbes.
- true or false true We learned that a newborn's microbiome is rapidly created after birth. Three processes
