Download Bio 1001 Scott Crousillac Exam 1 Ch 1,2,3 exam with verified answers. and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Bio | 1001 |Scott |Crousillac | |Exam | 1 |Ch |1,2,3 |exam
|with |verified |answers
the |science |of |studying |living |organisms |and |life |processes |- |✔✔Biology What |are |the |characteristics |of |life? |- |✔✔Complex, |organized |structure Response |to |stimuli Homeostasis Ability |to |acquire |material |& |energy Growth Reproduction Ability |to |evolve The |complexity |of |life |is |built |in |______ |- |✔✔Levels Life |is |both |_______ |and |_________ |- |✔✔Complexed |and |Organized When |two |or |more |things |come |together, |they |develop |a |new |property |that |was |absent |in |the | individuals. Ex: Example: |NaCl |(Sodium |Chloride) Sodium |= |solid |metal Chlorine |= |poisonous |gas Put |them |together |= |table |salt |- |✔✔Emergent |Property
Ex: Example: |NaCl |(Sodium |Chloride) Sodium |= |solid |metal Chlorine |= |poisonous |gas Put |them |together |= |table |salt What |are |the |levels |of |organization |of |life? |- |✔✔(Most |vague |to |most |precise) Biosphere, |Ecosystem, |Community, |Species, |Population, |Multicellular |Organism, |Organ |System, |Organ, |Tissue, |Cell, |Organelle, |Molecule, |Atom, |Subatomic |Particle Part |of |earth |that |sustains |life, |uppermost |atmosphere |to |the |deep |sea. |Includes |both |living |and | nonliving |aspects. |- |✔✔Biosphere Ex: |Earth's |surface A |community |along |with |its |nonliving |surroundings |- |✔✔Ecosystem Ex: |Snake, |Antelope, |Hawk, |Bushes, |Grass, |Rocks, |Stream Two |or |more |populations |of |different |species |living |and |interacting |in |the |same |area |- |✔✔Community Ex: |Snake, |Antelope. |Hawk, |Bushes, |Grass Very |similar, |potentially |interbreeding |organisms. |- |✔✔Species Ex: |Herd |of |Pronghorn |Antelope Members |of |one |species |inhabiting |the |same |area |- |✔✔Population
Ex: |Water, |Glucose, |DNA The |smallest |particle |of |an |element |that |retains |the |properties |of |that |element. |- |✔✔Atom Ex: |Hydrogen, |Carbon, |Nitrogen, |Oxygen Particles |that |make |up |an |atom |- |✔✔Subatomic |Particle Ex: |Proton, |Neutron, |Electron An |organism's |reaction |to |the |changes |in |the |environment |around |it. |Some |are |slow |and |cannot |be | seen. |- |✔✔Stimuli The |ability |to |maintain |the |structure |and |regulate |the |internal |environment. |- |✔✔Homeostasis How |do |living |things |acquire |energy |- |✔✔Living |things |MUST |eat |in |order |to |survive. |Energy |is | consumed |and |transformed |in |a |usable |manner Organisms |that |can |take |in |nutrients |for |raw |materials |and |energy |are |called? |- |✔✔Heterotrophs Organisms |that |can |use |sunlight |for |energy |to |produce |rich |sugar |molecules |are |called? |- | ✔✔Autotrophs The |sum |total |of |all |of |the |chemical |reactions |within |an |organism. |It |changes |the |raw |material |& | energy |into |usable |forms. |- |✔✔Metabolism The |most |important |metabolic |reaction |involves... |- |✔✔Breaking |down |the |food |we |eat |into |a |usable | energy |source |(ATP) |for |our |cells.
All |living |organisms |____ |during |their |life. |- |✔✔Grow The |genetic |information |for |producing |a |species |is |stored |in |the |______ |of |the |parents. |This | information |is |passed |onto |the |offspring |as |well. |- |✔✔DNA Individuals |________ |with |their |own |kind. |- |✔✔Reproduce The |process |of |survival |of |the |fittest; |Natural |Selection. |- |✔✔evolution What |is |the |most |important |concept |in |Biology? |- |✔✔evolution What |are |the |requirements |for |Evolution |to |occur? |- |✔✔Genetic |variation |and |competition The |evolutionary |changes |that |take |several |DNA |changes |accompanied |by |the |accumulation |of |DNA | changes |are |known |as |- |✔✔mutations All |living |things |share |these |characteristics |(Complex |structure, |Stimuli, |Homeostasis, |Growth, | Reproduction, |and |Evolution), |yet |there |is |great |_______ |among |life |- |✔✔Diversity All |living |things |are |organized |into |_____ |- |✔✔groups The |major |organization |of |groups, |called |________ |- |✔✔domains What |are |the | 3 |Domains |and |if |they |are |Prokaryotic |or |Eukaryotic? |- |✔✔Bacteria |- |Prokaryotic Archaea |- |Prokaryotic Eukarya |- |Eukaryotic A |cell |that |has |no |nucleus |and |no |internal |organelles. |- |✔✔Prokaryote
Describe |the |Kingdom |"Fungi" |(Cell |Type, |Cell |Number, |How |Energy |is |Obtained) |- |✔✔Eukaryotic, | Multicellular, |Absorption Describe |the |Kingdom |"Plantae" |(Cell |Type, |Cell |Number, |How |Energy |is |Obtained) |- |✔✔Eukaryotic, | Multicellular, |Photosynthesis Describe |the |Kingdom |"Animalia" |(Cell |Type, |Cell |Number, |How |Energy |is |Obtained) |- |✔✔Eukaryotic, | Multicellular, |Ingestion What |are |the | 3 |classification |levels |at |the |Kingdom |level? |- |✔✔Nucleus |or |No |Nucleus, |# |of |Cells, | How |Energy |is |Obtained What |are |the |three |methods |of |obtaining |nutrients/energy? |- |✔✔Photosynthesis Absorption Ingestion When |a |cell |makes |its |own |food |using |sunlight |- |✔✔Photosynthesis When |a |cell |absorbs |food |from |its |environment |like |a |sponge |- |✔✔Absorption When |a |cell |eats |food |- |✔✔Ingestion What |is |the |smallest |unit |of |organization? |- |✔✔atom The |basic |unit |of |all |forms |of |matter |is |the |____. |It |is |also |the |smallest |unit |of |matter |that |retains |the |physical |and |chemical |properties |of |the |element. |- |✔✔atom What |are |the |three |subatomic |particles? |- |✔✔Protons, |Neutrons, |Electrons What |are |the |charges |of |each |subatomic |particle? |- |✔✔Proton |- |Positive
Neutron |- |Neutral Electron |- |Negative Nucleus |- |Positive A |collection |of |atoms |from |the |same |type |- |✔✔element Atomic |mass |is |the.... |- |✔✔Number |of |Protons |+ |Number |of |Neutrons An |element |with |a |changed |number |of |neutrons. |- |✔✔Isotope The |"cloud" |around |the |nucleus |in |which |electrons |orbit |- |✔✔Electron |orbital? What |is |the |difference |between |a |reactive |and |inert |electron |shell? |- |✔✔Reactive |- |Partially |full | electron |shell Inert |- |Full |electron |shell An |attraction |between |two |atoms |- |✔✔Chemical |Bond? Two |or |more |atoms |held |together |- |✔✔molecule? Two |or |more |identical |atoms |that |are |bonded |- |✔✔element? Two |or |more |different |atoms |that |are |bonded |- |✔✔compound? An |atom |with |a |changed |amount |of |electrons. |(It |has |a |charge) |- |✔✔ion? What |is |the |difference |between |an |anion |and |cation? |- |✔✔Anion |- |A |negative |ion
Attraction |between |like |molecules |- |✔✔Cohesion Cohesion |among |water |molecules, |specifically |at |its |surface |- |✔✔Surface |Tension Water |molecules |can |_______, |leading |them |to |break |up |into |__ |and |___ |ions. |- |✔✔Dissasociate, |H+ | and |OH- In |pure |water, |the |number |of |H+ |ions |and |OH- |ions |are |- |✔✔Equal If |a |solution |is |______, |then |it |has |more |H+ |ions |than |OH- |ions |- |✔✔Acidic If |a |solution |is |_____, |then |it |has |more |OH- |ions |than |H+ |ions |- |✔✔Basic Acids |are |proton |_____, |while |bases |are |proton |______ |- |✔✔donator, |acceptor The |scale |used |to |measure |acidity |of |solutions |- |✔✔pH |Scale pH |works |on |what |type |of |scale? |- |✔✔Logarithmic Most |biological |solutions |are |between |pH |_ |and |pH |_ |- |✔✔ 6 |and | 8 Substances |that |prevent |large, |sudden |changes |in |pH |- |✔✔Buffers Ex: |Bicarbonate |Buffer What |properties |of |water |help |keep |temperature |stable? |- |✔✔High |specific |heat, |High |heat |of | vaporization, |High |heat |of |fusion
The |amount |of |energy |to |be |absorbed |or |lost |in |order |to |change |one |gram |of |matter |by |1*C |- | ✔✔Specific |Heat The |heat |a |liquid |must |absorb |for | 1 |g |to |be |converted |to |gas |- |✔✔Heat |of |Vaporization? The |amount |of |energy |required |to |change |a |substance |from |the |solid |phase |to |the |liquid |phase |at |its | melting |point |- |✔✔Heat |of |Fusion Molecules |containing |Hydrogen |and |Carbon |- |✔✔organic |molecules Most |biologically |related |molecules |contain |____ |and |____ |- |✔✔water |and |carbon ____ |atoms |are |the |most |versatile |building |block |molecules |- |✔✔Carbon. |It |has | 4 |valence |electrons | and |can |bind |to |2,3, |or | 4 |other |atoms Small |characteristic |group |of |atoms |which |are |bonded |to |a |carbon |backbone |- |✔✔functional |groups Polar, |involved |in |dehydration |and |hydrolysis |reactions |- |✔✔Hydroxyl Polar, |makes |parts |of |molecules |water |soluble |- |✔✔Carbonyl Acidic, |its |Oxygen |may |bond |with |H+ |and |form |Carboxylic |acid, |involved |in |peptide |bonds |- | ✔✔Carboxyl Basic, |may |bond |an |additional |H+ |becoming |positively |charged. |Involved |in |Peptide |bonds |- | ✔✔Amino Forms |disulfide |bonds |in |proteins |- |✔✔Sulfhydryl
What |are |common |disaccharides |in |everyday |life? |- |✔✔Maltose |(Beer) Lactose |(Milk |sugar) Sucrose |(Table |Sugar) Macromolecules, |polymers |with |a |few |hundred |to |a |few |thousand |monosaccharides |joined |by | enzyme-mediates |dehydration |reactions |- |✔✔Polysaccharides What |do |Polysaccharides |do? |- |✔✔Store |energy |and |support |structure How |do |Polysaccharides |store |energy? |- |✔✔Starch: |Plants Glycogen: |Animals Stored |polysaccharides |for |eventual |dissolvation |into |energy What |are |structural |Polysaccarides? |- |✔✔Cellulose: |Plants Chitin: |Animals A |substance |(made |of |sugars) |that |is |common |in |the |cell |walls |of |many |organisms. |It |is |the |most | abundant |organic |molecule |on |Earth. |- |✔✔Cellulose What |holds |cellulose |together? |- |✔✔Hydrogen |bonds This |causes |cellulose |to |be |indigestible A |fibrous |substance |consisting |of |polysaccharides |and |forming |the |major |constituent |in |the | exoskeleton |of |arthropods |and |the |cell |walls |of |fungi. |- |✔✔Chitin Mostly |nonpolar |hydrophobic |molecules |composed |of |mostly |carbon |and |hydrogen.
Diverse |group |of |organic |molecules |that |are |insoluble |in |water, |but |dissolve |in |nonpolar |solvents. |- | ✔✔Lipids What |are |the |three |groups |of |lipids? |- |✔✔Fats, |oils, |and |waxes Phospholipids Steroids Describe |the |characteristics |of |Fats, |Oils, |and |Waxes |- |✔✔Composed |of |Carbon, |Hydrogen, |and | Oxygen Contain | 1 |or |more |Fatty |Acids USUALLY |no |ring |structure Fat |composed |of | 3 |fatty |acids |+ | 1 |glycerol |- |✔✔Triglyceride What |do |Fats |& |Oils |function |as? |- |✔✔Energy |storage, |due |to |their |high |energy |capacity Why |do |we |crave |fats |- |✔✔Humans |have |survived |by |eating |fats, |so |humans |link |satisfying |hunger |to |eating |fats Fake |fats |that |are |indigestible |to |humans Sucrose |with | 8 |fatty |acids |attached Stimulates |taste |buds |without |being |real |fat |- |✔✔Olestra Humans |store |Fats |in |________ |tissue |cells Fats |__________ |the |body |and |__________organs |- |✔✔adipose, |insulate, |protect What |is |the |difference |between |Saturated |and |Unsaturated |Fats? |- |✔✔What |is |Olestra?Saturated |fats |have |no |Double |Bonds |in |Carbon |Chain Maximum |# |of |hydrogen |atoms |bonded |to |the |skeleton
Which |layer |of |protein |structure |is |not |always |present? |- |✔✔Quanternary Acids |that |have |information |storage |and |transmission Hold |genes |- |✔✔Nucleic |Acids The |units |of |heredity |that |determine |the |code |for |proteins Polymers |of |nucleotides |that |are |linked |together |by |dehydration |synthesis |reactions |- |✔✔Genes Composed |of |sugar, |a |Phosphate |group, |and |a |base DNA: |GATC RNA: |GAUC |- |✔✔Nucleotides What |is |the |difference |between |DNA |and |RNA? |- |✔✔DNA |does |not |have | 0 |molecules Where |does |variation |in |DNA |/ |RNA |originate? |- |✔✔The |order |of |the |nucleotides What |do |Nucleotides |outside |of |DNA |and |RNA |do? |- |✔✔Form |energy |carrier |molecules |such |at |ATP
