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BESC 204 Exam #1: Comprehensive Questions and Answers on Fungi, Exams of Mycology

William Jessup University Mycology

A comprehensive set of questions and answers covering various aspects of fungi, including their characteristics, classification, reproduction, and ecological roles. It explores different fungal phyla, such as chytridiomycota, zygomycota, ascomycota, and basidiomycota, highlighting their unique features and notable species. Valuable for students studying mycology or related fields, offering a structured approach to understanding fungal diversity and their significance in the environment.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 02/01/2025

lucinda-bernadette 🇺🇸

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BESC 204 Exam #1 | Comprehensive Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2024/2025

With 100% Verified Solutions

Mycorrhizae - ✔✔- Symbiotic relationships between fungal hyphae and plant roots

Stachybotrys Chartarum - ✔✔- "Sick Building Syndrome

- Severe Hematologic and Neurological damage

Mycology - ✔✔- The study of fungi

- "Mykes" is greek for mushroom

- "Logos" is greek for discourse

How many kingdoms of life are there? - ✔✔- 5 or 6 is a common answer, but there could be up to 30

According to Hawksworth, how many species of fungi likely exist? - ✔✔- about 1,500,000

According to Meredith Blackwell, how many species of fungi likely exist? - ✔✔- About 5,000,000

All fungi are - ✔✔- Heterotrophic eukaryotes with absorptive nutrition (saprotrophs)

Eukaryote - ✔✔- A cell with a nucleus

- A cell with membrane-bound organelle

Hyphae - ✔✔- The branching, threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi

- Collectively comprise the Mycelium

Hyphae collectively comprise the - ✔✔- Mycelium

Chitin - ✔✔- A structural polymer of glucose found in many fungal cell walls

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BESC 204 Exam #1 | Comprehensive Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2024/

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Mycorrhizae - ✔✔- Symbiotic relationships between fungal hyphae and plant roots Stachybotrys Chartarum - ✔✔- "Sick Building Syndrome

Severe Hematologic and Neurological damage Mycology - ✔✔- The study of fungi
"Mykes" is greek for mushroom
"Logos" is greek for discourse How many kingdoms of life are there? - ✔✔- 5 or 6 is a common answer, but there could be up to 30 According to Hawksworth, how many species of fungi likely exist? - ✔✔- about 1,500, According to Meredith Blackwell, how many species of fungi likely exist? - ✔✔- About 5,000, All fungi are - ✔✔- Heterotrophic eukaryotes with absorptive nutrition (saprotrophs) Eukaryote - ✔✔- A cell with a nucleus
A cell with membrane-bound organelle Hyphae - ✔✔- The branching, threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi
Collectively comprise the Mycelium Hyphae collectively comprise the - ✔✔- Mycelium Chitin - ✔✔- A structural polymer of glucose found in many fungal cell walls

Amillaria Ostoyae - ✔✔- "Humongous Fungus"

Largest living thing
2,200 acre fungus in Oregon (3.5 square miles)
Estimated to be 2,400 years old
Estimated to weigh 605 tons in mass Fungal Hyphae of many species contain_______, a system for "cell compartmentalization - ✔✔- Septa Spores - ✔✔- Reproductive Propagules
Usually microscopic Sexual spores are a product of - ✔✔- Meiosis Asexual spores are a product of - ✔✔- Mitosis Sexual Spores - Product of Meiosis include: - ✔✔- Ascospores
Basidiospores
Zygospores
Zospores Asexual Spores - Product of Mitosis include: - ✔✔- Zoospores
Sporangiospores
Conidia Chytridiomycota create ______, which are motile spores that can move themselves place to place - ✔✔- Zoospores

Phylogenetic Species Concept - ✔✔- Individuals of the same species share a genealogical inferred by a phylogenetic analysis

Assumes monophyly Using phylogenetic analysis, we can identify - ✔✔- Which groups are interbreeding (share a common gene pool) Operationally, mating in a lab is often used to - ✔✔- Define members of a species The three species concepts are: - ✔✔- Morphological
Biological
Phylogenetic Commonalities between Chytridiomycota and Blastocladiomycota - ✔✔- "True fungi" with flagellate spores both Zoospores in Sporangia
Do not make hyphae
Coenocytic
Mostly aquatic or soil inhibiting saprobes Notable species of Blastocladiomycota - ✔✔- Allomyces Macrogynus Allomyces Macrogynus - ✔✔- A zoosporic aquatic fungus that makes hyphae
Coenocytic (lacks septa)
Exhibits a complex lifecycle with alterations of generations Unifying characteristics of Zygomycota - ✔✔- They create Zygospores as a sexual spore Zygospores - ✔✔- Thick-walled spores that can withstand unfavorable conditions, making them longer lived spores

Sexual spores of Zygomycota - ✔✔- Zygospores (thick walled, long lives spores) Asexual spores of Zygomycota - ✔✔- Sporangiospores Sporangiospores are created in a - ✔✔- Sporangium Almost all Zygomycota are _____ meaning they live on land instead of water - ✔✔- Terrestrial Zygomycota - ✔✔- Create zygospores (sexual) and sporangiospores (asexual)

Have true hyphae that are mainly coenocytic
Almost all are terrestrial (live on land instead of water)
Cell walls have Chitin, Chitosan, and Polyglucuronic acid Some authors have started to call Zygomycota - ✔✔- Mucromycota A typical member of the Zygomycota - ✔✔- Reproduces quickly
Makes many offspring
Utilizes simple sugars Notable species of Zygomycota - ✔✔- Rhizopus Stolonifer
Phycomyces Blakesleanus
Pilobolus Spp. Rhizpous Stolonifer - ✔✔- Black bread mold
Model system for mating
Notable species of Zygomycota Phycomyces Blakesleanus - ✔✔- Model system for mating

Notable Zoopagomycota species Basidiobolus Ranarus - ✔✔- Animal (human) pathogen
Picture of infected leg in lecture slides
Notable species of Zoopagomycota Most Zoopagomycota are - ✔✔- Insect or animal (human) pathogens Unifying characteristic of Ascomycota - ✔✔- Production of an ascus Ascus - ✔✔- A sac-like structure filled with ascospores Ascomycota contains about what percentage of all species - ✔✔- About 75% This is the most diverse and arguably most important phylum - ✔✔- Ascomycota Ascomycota never produce - ✔✔- Motile spores Ascomycota's common ancestor is about how many years - ✔✔- 300,000,000 to 500,000,000 years Ascomycota are closely related to - ✔✔- Basidiomycota Ascomycota characteristics include - ✔✔- Thallus varies from single celled to well developed mycelium with regularly spaced septa
Most septa posses a single central pore
Small spherical structures called Woronin Bodies that are associated with each septa
Some yeasts have septa with Microspores similar to a sleeve

Antheridium - ✔✔- Male sex organ of Ascomycota Ascogonium - ✔✔- Female sex organ of Ascomycota Plasmogamy - ✔✔- Nuclei migrate from antheridium to ascogonium and pair with nuclei in ascogonium

Sharing of cytoplasm and haploid nuclei (N) between ascomycota for reproduction Dikaryion - ✔✔- Two nuclei
Two sexually compatible nuclei that pair together and eventually migrate into each hypha Tip cells curve to form a hook-like structure called a - ✔✔- Crozier Perethecium - ✔✔- Closed ascocarp with a pore (ostiole) at the top, and a wall of its own Apothecium - ✔✔- An open ascocarp Cleistothecium - ✔✔- A completely closed ascocarp Asexual reproduction of Ascomycota - ✔✔- Through mitosis ; Clonal
Asexual spores are conidia, which produce only one spore at a time Deuteromycota - ✔✔- "Second class fungi"
Imperfect fungi
not a formal phyla: a category of mostly ascomycota (but sometimes basidiomycota) that have lost the ability to sexually reproduce (or it hasn't been discovered) and are therefore hard to classify Conidium (pl. conidia) - ✔✔- Non-motile, asexual spore formed one at a time of a conidiogenous cell
Cell wall of conidium and the conidiogenous cell is continuous

Basidiocarp - ✔✔- Fruiting structure of basidiomycota where basidiospores are produced Karyogamy - ✔✔- Fusion of nuclei Holomorph - ✔✔- All forms or morphs of the fungus, either latent or expressed

A fungus which consists of all sexual and asexual stages in its life cycle. Teleomorph - ✔✔- Sexual (perfect, meiotic) form. you have to know this in order to classify a fungi. produces meiospores
The sexual stage in the life cycle of a fungus; also refers to a fungus that produces both sexual and asexual spores Thallus - ✔✔- "Body" of fungi Germ tube - ✔✔- First growth from spore Fungus Definition - ✔✔- Aeukaryotic, heterotrophic organism, devoid of chlorophyll, with chitin in cell walls, that obtains its nutrients by absorption, usually reproduces by spores, and usually exhibits a pronounced polarization of growing cells Anamorph - ✔✔- Asexual (imperfect, mitotic) forms producing mitospores
A stage of fungal reproduction, where cells are asexually formed by the process of mitosis. Basidiocarp / Variety: Agarics - ✔✔- The hymenium is found on the surface of gills Basidiocarp Variety: Polypores - ✔✔- Hymenium lining pores or tubes Basidiocarp Variety: Boletes - ✔✔- Hymenium Lines pores or tubes, fleshy basidiocarp

Basidiocarp Variety: Chanterelles - ✔✔- Hymenium on gill-like folds Basidiocarp Variety: Coral Fungi - ✔✔- Erect basidiocarps

Hymenium covering surface Gasteromycetes - ✔✔- Spores no discharged at maturity, as with Ballistospores, and therefore sometimes referred to Statismospores
They simply fall off their basidia/sterigma at maturity into the spore mass of the Gleba Phallimycetidae - ✔✔- The "Stalked Puffballs"
And Earthstars
- Stinkhorns - best known for the fetid odor they produce at spore maturity Uromyces appendiculatus - ✔✔- "Bean Rust"
Micro-fabricated surfaced helped define the topographical signal inductive for initiation of appressoria (can sense the surface) Thigmotropism - ✔✔- Surface sensing
A growht response to touch

BESC 204 Exam #1: Comprehensive Questions and Answers on Fungi, Exams of Mycology

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Download BESC 204 Exam #1: Comprehensive Questions and Answers on Fungi and more Exams Mycology in PDF only on Docsity!

BESC 204 Exam #1 | Comprehensive Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2024/

With 100% Verified Solutions