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EDF 6223 SAFMEDS DECK 1, 2 & 3 |
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In a behavior chain, each response serves as a(n)________ ________ for the response that produced it. - ✔✔conditioned reinforcer Making a sandwich is a ______ ______, with a specific sequence of discrete responses. - ✔✔behavior chain A task analysis should be _____ according to age, skill level, and prior experience of the organism. - ✔✔individualized Differential reinforcement effects include greater _____ of similar responses and decrease in unreinforced members. - ✔✔frequency A therapist breaks down waving into lifting arm, opening hand, and swiveling wrist. This is a(n) _____ ______. - ✔✔task analysis Procedure that reinforces responses that share a predetermined dimension or quality and withheld for those that do not - ✔✔differential reinforcement In a task analysis, the ability of the organism to independently perform each component, or _____ _____ should be assessed. - ✔✔mastery level Breaking a complex skill into smaller and sequentially ordered teachable units. - ✔✔task analysis In a behavior chain, each response serves as a(n) _____ _____ for the next response. - ✔✔discriminative stimulus
A specific sequence of discrete responses, each associated with a particular stimulus condition. - ✔✔behavior chain Each successive approximation replaces the previously reinforced _____ ______. - ✔✔response class The new response classes produced by gradually changing criterion for reinforcement during shaping. - ✔✔successive approximations Shaping uses differential reinforcement to produce a series of gradually changing _____ _____. - ✔✔response classes Systematically and differentially reinforcing successive approximations to a terminal behavior. - ✔✔shaping Differential reinforcement is reinforcing some responses and _____ reinforcement for some responses. - ✔✔withholding The therapist only gives candy for requests that include a point and a gutteral noise. - ✔✔differential reinforcement In shaping, _____ _____ is used to progress to each successive approximation. - ✔✔differential reinforcement The therapist first reinforces reaching, then reaching with outstretched fingers, then reaching with only one pointer finger outstretched. - ✔✔shaping Each successive approximation is closer in form to the _____ _____. - ✔✔terminal behavior The therapist creates a list of _____ ______ getting closer and closer to a terminal behavior for his birthday procedure. - ✔✔Successive Approximations
DRL is a(n) _____ method of reducing a target behavior. - ✔✔slow Reinforcement requires the completion of a variable number of responses to produce a reinforcer in a(n) _____ _____ schedule. - ✔✔VR (variable ratio) DRL is a good choice for _____ frequency of a behavior. - ✔✔decreasing Variable ratio schedules produce _____, steady rates of response. - ✔✔consistent With a fixed ratio schedule, _____ rates of response are expected. - ✔✔quick Reinforcement is provided for the first response following a variable duration of time in a(n) _____ _____ schedule. - ✔✔VI (variable interval) In DRI, the incompatible behavior is in a(n) _____ response class. - ✔✔exclusive A DRA procedure is identical to a DRI procedure, but the behaviors may be compatible in a(n) _____. - ✔✔DRA (differential reinforcement of alternative behavior) Reinforcement is provided for a behavior that cannot occur simultaneously with the target behavior. - ✔✔DRI (differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior) The therapist only reinforces saying "help" in moderate tone, which can be emitted while out of seat. - ✔✔DRA (differential reinforcement of alternative behavior) The therapist only reinforces saying "help" in moderate tone, which can't be emitted simultaneously wit a scream - ✔✔DRI (differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior) With a variable ration schedule, _____ rates of response are expected. - ✔✔quick
In DRI, the incompatible behavior must have an incompatible _____. - ✔✔topography A schedule that provides reinforcement an average of ever six responses. - ✔✔VR (variable ratio) DRL does not _____ a behavior completely. - ✔✔eliminate Reinforcement is provided for a behavior that can occur simultaneously with the target behavior but is a desirable alternative. - ✔✔DRA (differential reinforcement of alternative behavior) Reinforcement is contingent on less than or equal to a specified number of occurrences in a time period.
- ✔✔DRL (differential reinforcement of low rates) In DRA the alternative behavior is not _____ incompatible with the problem behavior. - ✔✔topographically An interval DRO requires absence of the target behavior throughout the interval. Momentary DRO requires it at specific _____. - ✔✔times With all types of DRO, initial _____ _____ should match the current level of performance to ensure contact with reinforcement. - ✔✔time intervals Echoic verbal operants produce _____ _____ reinforcement. - ✔✔generalized conditioned A verbal operant where the speaker asks for or states a want or need. - ✔✔mand Formal similarity requires the response to _____ _____ the stimulus. - ✔✔physically resemble The therapist says "water" and Nia says "water". - ✔✔echoic
Formal similarity requires the same _____ mode. - ✔✔sense Nia says "I think this is water." - ✔✔autoclitic In an autoclitic, the secondary autoclitic response gives the listener more information about the _____ _____. - ✔✔primary response A textual has point-to-point correspondence, but not _____ _____. - ✔✔formal similarity An operant where a verbal discriminative stimulus evokes a verbal response that does not have point-to- point correspondence. - ✔✔intraverbal The specific reinforcement that strengthens a mand is directly related to the relevant _____ _____. - ✔✔(MO) motivating operation Verbal behavior relations where the response has point-to-point correspondence, but without formal similarity. - ✔✔codic In an intraverbal the verbal stimulus and verbal _____ do not match each other. - ✔✔response Nia wants water and finger spells "water". - ✔✔mand Codic relations have a history of _____ _____. - ✔✔generalized reinforcement Reading wihthout any implications that the reader understands what is being read. - ✔✔textual An intraverbal is under the functional control of _____ _____ reinforcement. - ✔✔generalized conditioned
A verbal operant in which a speaker names things and actions from direct contact with the senses. - ✔✔tact Codic relations have point-to-point correspondence, but no _____ _____. - ✔✔formal similarity The therapist says "What's that?" and Nia says "Water." Nia's operant is a(n) _____. - ✔✔intraverbal A tact is under the functional control of a(n) _____ discriminative stimulus. - ✔✔codic An operant where spoken words are written or spelled. - ✔✔taking dictation A tact produces _____ _____ reinforcement. - ✔✔generalized conditioned Verbal behavior relations where the response and the verbal stimulus have formal similarity ad a history of generalized reinforcement. - ✔✔duplic In transcription behavior a spoken verbal stimulus controls a(n) _____, typed, or fingerspelled response.
- ✔✔written Nia sees a lake and signs "water." - ✔✔tact Duplic relations have _____ _____. - ✔✔formal similarity Textuals and echoics are different because the response product of a textual is not ______ to its controlling stimulus. - ✔✔similar Nia hears the word "water" and types water. - ✔✔taking dictation A textual has point-to-point correspondence, but not _____ _____. - ✔✔formal similarity
With transitivity, the organism emits a(n) _____ stimulus-stimulus relation after learning two other stimulus-stimulus relations. - ✔✔untrained Without training, Nia matches a picture of a plane with a sample. - ✔✔reflexivity The therapist asks Nia three easy, quick questions before the target task. - ✔✔High-p With transitivity, the organism learns A=B and B=C, the emits _____=C, untrained. - ✔✔A A probe for the emergence of untrained stimulus-stimulus relations that evaluates both symmetry and transitivity simultaneously. - ✔✔equivalence test An antecedent intervention in which stimuli with known reinforcing properties are delivered independent of the organism's behavior. - ✔✔NCR (noncontingent reinforcement) Nia learns "dog"= dog image and dog image=written word dog, then matches written word dog with "dog". - ✔✔transitivity An equivalence test evaluates both symmetry and _____ simultaneously. - ✔✔transitivity NCR can be on a(n) _____ or variable-time schedule. - ✔✔fixed In stimulus equivalence, when an organism can reverse the sample stimulus and a comparison stimulus, _____ is achieved. - ✔✔symmetry An equivalence test is a probe for the emergence of _____ stimulus-stimulus relations. - ✔✔untrained NCR is usually implemented with a(n) _____ procedure. - ✔✔extinction
Nia can match a dog image with "dog". Without training , she matches the "dog" with a dog image. - ✔✔symmetry Generative learning occurs without dependence on _____ _____ or a history of reinforcement. - ✔✔direct teaching The effectiveness of a token economy depends largely on the ______ of the back-up reinforcers. - ✔✔extensiveness When an organism will select a stimulus that directly matches the sample, in the absence of training. - ✔✔reflexivity Generative learning occurs without dependence on direct teaching or a history of _____. - ✔✔reinforcement In a token economy, participants receive _____ for engaging in target behaviors. - ✔✔tokens Symmetry is when A=B, _____=A. - ✔✔B An equivalence test evaluates both _____ and transitivity simultaneously. - ✔✔symmetry The therapist gives Nia access to an iPad for one minute every ten minutes, independent of behavior. - ✔✔NCR With symmetry, the organism can _____ the sample stimulus and comparison stimulus, without training.
- ✔✔reverse A behavioral effect where previously acquired skills enable or accelerate the acquisition of other skills. - ✔✔generative learning
