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BCHM 270 - Module 1 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS, Exams of Biochemistry

Galen Health Institute - Tampa Bay Biochemistry

BCHM 270 - Module 1 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

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BCHM |\270 |\- |\Module |\1 |\QUESTIONS |\WITH |\

ANSWERS

Nucleotide |\- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\basic |\structural |\unit |\for |\DNA |\

- |\each |\one |\contains |\a |\nitrogenous |\base, |\a |\5-carbon |\sugar, |\and |\at |\

least |\1 |\phosphate |\group

difference |\between |\DNA |\and |\RNA |\- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\the |\

sugar |\group |\is |\deoxyribose |\(missing |\the |\OH |\group |\on |\the |\2nd |\

- |\RNA |\is |\single |\stranded

- |\RNA |\used |\uracil |\and |\DNA |\uses |\thymine

|\- |\guaine

- |\cytosine

- |\thymine |\(only |\in |\DNA) |\

- |\uricil |\(only |\in |\RNA)

purines |\are |\the |\energy |\current |\of |\the |\cell |\- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔-

|\ATP

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BCHM |\ 270 |- |\Module |\ 1 |\QUESTIONS |\WITH |\

ANSWERS

Nucleotide |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\basic |\structural |\unit |\for |\DNA |\

|\each |\one |\contains |\a |\nitrogenous |\base, |\a |\5-carbon |\sugar, |\and |\at |
least |\ 1 |\phosphate |\group difference |\between |\DNA |\and |\RNA |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\the |
sugar |\group |\is |\deoxyribose |(missing |\the |\OH |\group |\on |\the |\2nd |
carbon) |\or |\ribose |(this |\makes |\ribose |\more |\polar |\than |\DNA |\so |\it |
won't |\form |\a |\double |\strand) |\
|\RNA |\is |\single |\stranded
|\RNA |\used |\uracil |\and |\DNA |\uses |\thymine nitrogenous |\bases |\of |\nucleotides |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\adenine |
|- |\guaine
|\cytosine
|\thymine |(only |\in |\DNA) |\
|\uricil |(only |\in |\RNA) purines |\are |\the |\energy |\current |\of |\the |\cell |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\ATP

- |\GTP

Energy |\storage |\in |\ATP |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\the |\ 2 |\outer |
phosphate |\binds |\of |\ATP |\are |"high |\energy" endergonic |\reaction |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\requires |\energy

|\ATP |\releases |\energy |\for |\that |\reaction exergonic |\reaction |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\energy |\released
|\ATP |\can |\take |\that |\energy |\to |\convert |\from |\ADP |\to |\ATP |(stores |\the |
energy |\in |\the |\bonds) DNA |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\ 2 |\antiparallel |\stands |\of |\nucleotides |
that |\interlock |\through |\hydrogen |\bonding Purpose |\of |\DNA |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\provides |\a |\blueprint |\for |
RNA |\and |\proteins |\
|\store |\genetic |\information Central |\Dogma |\of |\Molecular |\Biology |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔DNA |-

|\RNA |-> |\Protein Different |\Types |\of |\RNA |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔tRNA

transcription |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\copying |\a |\DNA |\sequence |\to |
make |\an |\RNA |\molecule |\

|\RNA |\polymerase |\transcribes |\the |\information |\from |\a |\gene |\into |
RNA |(mostly |\creates |\mRNA |\which |\moves |\out |\of |\the |\nucleus |\for |
protein |\production)
|\RNA |\polymerase |\synthesizes |\RNA |\from |\5' |\to |\3' |\reads |\the |\template |\from |\a |\3' |\to |\5' |\
|\after |\transcription, |\RNA |\is |\processed |\into |\mRNA |\and |\sent |\to |\the |
cytosol |\for |\translation Translation |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\mRNA |\is |\used |\to |\synthesize |
proteins |\from |\individual |\amino |\acids
|\each |\codon |(group |\of |\ 3 |\amino |\acids) |\codes |\for |\an |\amino |\acid |\
|\ribosomes |\read |\codons |\along |\the |\mRNA, |\creating |\the |\protein translation |- |\the |\ribosome |\complex |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\mRNA |\is |\read |\by |\codons |\starting |\with |\AUG
|\each |\tRNA |\brings |\the |\anticodon |(brings |\the |\amino |\acid |\to |\match |
it)
|\the |\ribosome |\is |\made |\up |\of |\a |\large |(50S) |\and |\a |\small |(30S) |
subunit |\made |\up |\of |\RNA ribosome |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\the |\small |\unit |\is |\responsible |\for |\binding |\to |\the |\mRNA |\

|\the |\large |\subunits |\has |\sites |\where |\the |\peptide |\is |\built sites |\on |\the |\large |\subunit |\of |\ribosome |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |
acceptor |\site |(where |\tRNA |\first |\attach |\to |\the |\ribosome)
|\peptides |\site |(where |\the |\newly |\arrived |\amino |\acid |\is |\removed |
from |\the |\tRNA |\and |\added |\to |\the |\peptide |\by |\a |\peptide |\bond)
|\Exit |\site |(where |\the |\tRNA |\is |\ejected |\and |\where |\the |\polypeptide |\is |
guided |\and |\released) 3 |\steps |\of |\translation |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\initiation |(AUG)
|\elongation |(adds |\amino |\acids |\to |\the |\COOH |\end |\of |\the |\peptide)
|\termination |(elongation |\is |\continued |\until |\the |\stop |\codon |\is |
reached) standard |\genetic |\code |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\all |\the |\codons
|\start |\codon |\is |\Met |(AUG)
|\stop |\codons |\are |\UAA, |\UAG, |\UGA DNA |\mutations |\can |\be |\detrimental |\or |\not |\detrimental |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\mutations |\that |\cause |\proteins |\to |\be |\affected |\are |
detrimental |\
|\mutations |\like |\polymorphisms |\are |\not

|\stops |\the |\protein |\from |\being |\made frameshift |\mutation |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\results |\from |\an |
inserted |\or |\deleted |\nucleotide |\which |\shifts |\the |\codon |\sequences large |\scale |\structural |\mutations |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\large |
scale |\rearrangements |\of |\DNA |(we |\don't |\learn |\in |\this |\course) Functional |\changes |\in |\mutations |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |
mutations |\can |\be |\classified |\by |\how |\they |\affect |\the |\function |\of |\the |
protein
|\gain |\of |\function |\mutation, |\loss |\of |\function |\mutation, |\dominant |
negative |\mutation gain |\and |\loss |\of |\function |\mutations |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\that |
increase |\or |\decrease |\the |\proteins |\ability |\to |\function dominant |\negative |\mutations |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\loss |\of |
function |\mutations |\where |\the |\dysfunctional |\proteins |\will |\also |
reduce |\the |\function |\of |\the |\non-mutant |\allele's |\protein

DNA |\BIOTECHNOLOGY |\METHODS |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\

manipulating, |\cloning, |\and |\amplifying |\DNA

|\restriction |\endonucleases |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\an |\enzyme |
that |\cuts |\DNA |\at |\specific |\sites, |\producing |\small |\fragments |\called |
restriction |\fragments

|\can |\be |\used |\to |\cut |\out |\DNA |\from |\invading |\species |\or |\to |\combine |
DNA |\sequences |\together |\
|\recognizes |\4-6 |\base |\pairs |\in |\the |\DNA |(can |\read |\them |\in |\both |
direction)
|\there |\is |\sticky |\end |\of |\blunt |\end Naming |\restriction |\endonucleases |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\first |
letter |\in |\the |\genus |\
|\2nd |\and |\third |\letters |\are |\the |\species
|\the |\roman |\numerals |\on |\the |\end |\is |\the |\number |\that |\the |\enzyme |
was |\discovered sticky |\ends |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\restriction |\endonuclease |\cut |
the |\DNA |\staggered |\that |\that |\the |\ends |\have |\sequences |\that |\are |
complementary |\to |\each |\other
|\the |\ends |\can |\form |\hydrogen |\bonds

DNA |\Probes: |\Allele |\Specific |\Oligonucleotides |(ASO) |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\Oligonucleotides |\probes |\can |\be |\designed |\to |\bind |\to |
only |\ 1 |\version |\of |\an |\allele |(polymorphism |\or |\mutation) |\to |
determine |\is |\the |\sample |\contains |\them |\

|\if |\the |\sample |\has |\the |\mutations, |\the |\ASO |\probe |\is |\dyed |\and |\it |
attaches |\and |\we |\can |\see

|\Blotting |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\fragments |\of |\DNA, |\RNA, |\or |
proteins |\are |\separated |\using |\gel |\electrophoresis |\and |\then |
transferred |\to |\a |\nylon |\or |\nitrocellulose |\membrane -BLOCKING- |\the |\membrane |\is |\washed |\with |\a |\prehybridization |
solution |\that |\includes |\a |\blocking |\agent |\that |\reduces |\the |\nonspecific |\binding |\of |\the |\probe |\during |\hybridization |\

|\HYBRIDIZATION |- |\the |\membrane |\is |\washed |\with |\dyed/labelled |
DNA |\probes |\that |\only |\target |\the |\DNA/RNA. |\They |\will |\bind |\to |\the |
DNA |\sequence |\in |\questions
|\we |\are |\then |\able |\to |\see |\if |\the |\DNA |\is |\present |
SNOW |\DROP Western |\Blotting |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔detects |\specific |\proteins northern |\boating |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔detects |\RNA |\sequences Southern |\Blotting |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔detects |\DNA |\sequences

|\Polymerase |\Chain |\Reaction |(PCR) |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\uses |
heat |\and |\cooling |\to |\copy |\DNA |\into |\the |\target |\sequence

|\heat |\causes |\DNA |\to |\break |\apart
|\DNA |\primers |\latch |\on |\to |\the |\single |\strand |\and |\the |\TaqDNA |
polymerase |\adds |\nucleotides |\to |\the |\target |\seqence
|\temperature |\heats |\up |\causing |\the |\new |\strand |\to |\seperate
|\this |\continues |\until |\many |\strand |\of |\the |\target |\sequence |\are |\made
|\used |\to |\amplify |\a |\selected |\DNA |\sequence PCR |\Cycle |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔denaturation, |\annealing, |
extension application |\of |\PCR |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\comparing |\normal |
genes |\to |\mutant |\genes
|\detecting |\slowly |\reproducing |\viruses |(take |\a |\sample |\and |\speed |\it |
up |\to |\see |\if |\the |\virus |\is |\in |\your |\body)
|\forensic |\analysis |\of |\DNA

|\DNA |\microarrays |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\can |\be |\designed |\to |
determine |\the |\location |\of |\the |\mutation |\in |\a |\gene, |\or |\to |\look |\for |
multiple |\polymorphisms

|\compares |\large |\numbers |\of |\samples |\simultaneously |\

|\Northern |\Blot |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\used |\to |\show |\and |
detect |\specific |\RNA |\sequences

|\gel |\electrophoresis |\
|\moved |\fragments |\on |\to |\the |\membranous |\paper

|\Quantitative |\PCR |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\measures |\relative |
gene |\expression |\in |\samples |\

|\mRNA |\is |\reverse |\transcribed |\to |\produce |\cDNA |(complimentary |
DNA) -qPCR |\goes |\in |\a |\thermocycler |\with |\a |\reaction |\with |\fluorescent |
probes |\that |\produce |\a |\signal |\with |\increasing |\amount |\of |\DNA |
present

|\cDNA |\microarray |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\mRNA |\will |\reverse |
transcribe |\into |\cDNA |\with |\reverse |\transcriptase |\

|\the |\cDNA |\from |\ 2 |\different |\tissues |(example |\sick |\vs |\healthy) |\can |\be |\flourescnelty |\labelled |\and |\mixed |\up |\and |\then |\exposed |\to |\a |\gene |
microarray |\chip
|\the |\chip |\has |\thousands |\of |\DNA |\oligonucleotide |\spots, |\each |\of |
which |\corresponds |\to |\to |\a |\specific |\DNA |\sequence |\from |\the |\DNA |\of |
interest
|\the |\amount |\of |\fluorescence |\that |\binds |\to |\each |\spot |\correlated |\to |
the |\each |\samples |\cDNA |\and |\therefore |\the |\mRNA |\concentrations |\
|\then |\researchers |\can |\look |\at |\patterns |\of |\gene |\expression

PROTEIN |\BIOTECHNOLOGY |\METHODS |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔

|\SDS-Page |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\gel |\electrophoresis |\for |
proteins |\

|\proteins |\are |\separated |\into |\fragments |\and |\then |\sorted |\by |\size |\
|\SDS |(sodium |\dodecyl |\sulfate) |\helps |\coat |\the |\protein |\and |\keep |
them |\unfolded
|\smaller |\proteins |\migrate |\father |\as |\the |\electric |\current |\passes |
through |\the |\gel
|\you |\can |\see |\the |\size |\of |\the |\proteins

|\Antibodies |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\used |\for |\protein |\detection

|\antibodies |\are |\labelled |\and |\can |\detect |\their |\desired |\protein

|\Western |\Blots |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\gel |\electrophoresis |\for |
proteins |\

|\proteins |\are |\then |\moved |\to |\a |\nitrocellulaose |\of |\PVDF |\membrane
|\unlike |\southern |\or |\norther, |\western |\blots |\use |\antibodies |\that |\are |
labelled |\to |\attach |\to |\proteins |\to |\create |\a |\band |\on |\the |\membrane |
where |\the |\protein |\is

|\ELISA |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\ 2 |\types |\of |\ELISA |\

BCHM 270 - Module 1 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS, Exams of Biochemistry

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Download BCHM 270 - Module 1 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS and more Exams Biochemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

BCHM |\ 270 |- |\Module |\ 1 |\QUESTIONS |\WITH |\

ANSWERS

- |\GTP

DNA |\BIOTECHNOLOGY |\METHODS |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\

PROTEIN |\BIOTECHNOLOGY |\METHODS |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔