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Basic X-Ray Machine operator
Questions with 100% correct answers.
Which of the following would be considered a characteristic of x-rays?
- have no mass
- are electrically neutral
3.travel in straight lines - CORRECT ANSWER -1,2,
The oldest and largest radiologic science professional organization is the: -
CORRECT ANSWER -American Society of Radiologic Technologists (ASRT)
The organization that sets standards and prepares examinations necessary to certify
radiologic technologists and limited operators is the: - CORRECT ANSWER -
American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) The radiation that exits the opposite side of the patient to expose the image receptor
(IR) is called: - CORRECT ANSWER -Remnat radiation
The term used to describe radiation that is absorbed by matter is: - CORRECT
ANSWER -Attenuation
The "unseen" image that is contained in the image receptor (IR) before it is processed is
called the: - CORRECT ANSWER -Latent image
The radiation that exits the body in all directions and causes unwanted exposure on the image receptor (IR) as well as anyone who is in the room is called __________
radiation. - CORRECT ANSWER -Scattered
The radiation that exits the x-ray tube and travels in-air to the patient is called: -
CORRECT ANSWER -Primary
The boxlike device attached under the tube housing that allows the limited operator to
vary the size of the radiation field is called the: - CORRECT ANSWER -
Collimator An invisible line in the center of the x-ray beam and perpendicular to the long axis of the
x-ray tube is called the: - CORRECT ANSWER -Central Ray
An exposure time of 0.02 seconds is equal to how many milliseconds? - CORRECT
ANSWER -20 msec
The number 9 squared is equal to: - CORRECT ANSWER -
The number 4 is the square root of: - CORRECT ANSWER -
When 62 kVp is increased by 30%, the result is approximately: - CORRECT
ANSWER -
When the fraction 7/8 is converted to a decimal, the result is: - CORRECT
ANSWER -0.
When 230% is expressed as a decimal, the result is: - CORRECT ANSWER -2.
A radiographic image is made using 500 mA, 0.1 sec., 80 kVp, and
48-inches SID. The value of the mAs for this exposure is - CORRECT
ANSWER -50 mAs
X-rays have electromagnetic energy. The velocity (or speed) of this energy travels at a
speed of: - CORRECT ANSWER -186,000 miles per second
The smallest possible unit of electromagnetic energy is the: - CORRECT
ANSWER -Photon
The electrical current flowing in an x-ray tube is measured in: - CORRECT
ANSWER -Milliamperes
The force or strength of the electron flow in an electrical current is measured in: -
CORRECT ANSWER -Kilovoltage
The device used to produce the high voltage needed for x-ray production is called the: -
CORRECT ANSWER -Transformer
In radiology, 80,000 volts is converted to: - CORRECT ANSWER -80 kVp
The target and the filament in the x-ray tube are made of: - CORRECT
ANSWER -Tungsten
Which of the following is controlled directly on the x-ray control panel?
- mA
- rectification
3. automatic exposure control - CORRECT ANSWER -1 and 3
How many detectors are contained in an automatic exposure control (AEC) device in an
x-ray table? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Which of the following is varied automatically when using automatic exposure control
(AEC)? - CORRECT ANSWER -Exposure time
Which of the following can cause too much heat on the anode and cause it to crack and fail?
- excessive exposure on a cold tube
- a rapid series of large exposures
3. mA settings greater than 400 mA - CORRECT ANSWER -1 and 2
X-ray tubes should undergo the warm-up procedure again after they have been idle for
more than: - CORRECT ANSWER -1 hour
What is the heat unit (HU) of the anode if 200 mA, 0.10 sec., and 80 kVp is used on a
single- phase generator? - CORRECT ANSWER -
How many heat units (HU) are generated on a high frequency (HF) generator if an
exposure time of 300 mA, 0.12 sec., and 95 kVp is used? - CORRECT
ANSWER -3,
Which of the following will help prolong the life of an x-ray tube?
- warm up the anode each morning
- use low ma setting whenever possible
3. use the low-speed rotor whenever possible - CORRECT ANSWER -1,2, and 3
Which of the following x-ray generators produces the greatest amount of x-rays for the
same exposure technique? - CORRECT ANSWER -High-frequency
Radiographic contrast is controlled by the: - CORRECT ANSWER -kVp
The quantity, or number of photons produced per second during an exposure is
controlled by the: - CORRECT ANSWER -mA
The variation in tissue densities within the patient is referred to as the: - CORRECT
ANSWER -Subject contrast
The overall contrast seen in the radiographic image is referred to as: - CORRECT
ANSWER -Radiographic contrast
Which of the following are considered a part of shape distortion?
- magnification
- foreshortening
3. elongation - CORRECT ANSWER -2 and 3
The unsharp edges of a body part are referred to as the: - CORRECT
ANSWER -Penumbra
Which of the following would be considered involuntary motion?
- tremors
- peristalsis
3. heartbeats - CORRECT ANSWER -1, 2, and 3
Quantum mottle is typically seen on the radiographic image when using: -
CORRECT ANSWER -high mA, high kVp techniques
The primary controlling factor of penetration of x-rays is: - CORRECT ANSWER -
kVp The term used in the new digital imaging environment to replace density is: -
CORRECT ANSWER -Brightness
The geometric factors that affect the formation of the image are:
- SID
- OID
3. Focal spot - CORRECT ANSWER -1, 2, and 3
When using computed radiography (CR), where is the latent image stored until it is
processed? - CORRECT ANSWER -In a photostimulable phosphor plate
Digital imaging requires that the exposure technique is accurately set. Which of the
following is the most critical of the exposure factors? - CORRECT ANSWER -kVp
One of the major advantages of using CR or DR systems is the: - CORRECT
ANSWER -The ability to see images very fast
- the kVp is to high
3. when the SID is out of focal range - CORRECT ANSWER -1 and 3
A scattered photon has ________ energy than the incoming primary beam photon. -
CORRECT ANSWER -Less
What is the principal source of scatter radiation in radiography? - CORRECT
ANSWER -Patient
- Which of the following factors would you see on an exposure technique chart?
- kVp
- generator phase
3. part thickness in cm - CORRECT ANSWER -1 and 3
In determining the best level of kVp to use for a given body part, which of the following
is used? - CORRECT ANSWER -Optimum kVp
The use of 200 mA and 0.12 sec would result in __________ mAs. - CORRECT
ANSWER -
Practically, which mA station can be used for most small to average size patients who
can cooperate during the examination? - CORRECT ANSWER -200 mAs
Which of the following pathological conditions would require an increase in exposure
technique? - CORRECT ANSWER -Pleural effusion
Which of the following pathological conditions would require a decrease in exposure
technique? - CORRECT ANSWER -Pneumothorax
Which of the following grids would have a higher grid factor and therefore a high mAs? -
CORRECT ANSWER -16:1 ratio
- How much of a change in mAs is needed if there is a 2-cm increase in the part size? -
CORRECT ANSWER -30%
What is the SI unit of exposure which measures radiation in air? - CORRECT
ANSWER -Rad (rad)
The SI unit for measuring absorbed dose is the: - CORRECT ANSWER -Gray
(Gy-t)
Which of the following x-ray examinations would give the patient the highest bone
marrow dose? - CORRECT ANSWER -Abdomen
Patient doses in radiography as usually calculated as the: - CORRECT
ANSWER -Absorbed dose (Gy-t)
Which of the following would be used to reduce the likelihood of genetic radiation
effects? - CORRECT ANSWER -Gonad Shields
Radiation dosimeters should be worn: - CORRECT ANSWER -At the collar and
anterior portion of the body According to the NCRP (National Council on Radiation Protection), there is cause for concern if a pregnant woman receives a dose in excess of ______ to the uterus. -
CORRECT ANSWER -25 Gy-t
According to the Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau, which of the following groups would
NOT be as sensitive to radiation? - CORRECT ANSWER -Adults
The annual effective dose limit for an occupational radiation worker is: - CORRECT
ANSWER -50 mSv
A gonad shield should be used whenever the edge of the radiation filed is within
________ cm of the gonads. - CORRECT ANSWER -
The greatest cause of unnecessary radiation to patients is from: - CORRECT
ANSWER -Repeat exposures
The definition of an organ is: - CORRECT ANSWER -A group of tissues that
work together to perform specialized and complex functions
The definition of pathology is: - CORRECT ANSWER -Study of abnormal
conditions of the body Which of the following are respiratory system structures?
- thymus
- trachea
3. bronchi - CORRECT ANSWER -2 and 3
The human skeletal system consists of _____ bones? - CORRECT ANSWER -
What is indicated by a radiographic side marker? - CORRECT ANSWER -The
side of the patient What term refers to the condition in which the tissue of a bone is broken or disrupted? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Fracture
Which of the following is the medical term for swelling? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Edema What is the term that means the IR is oriented so its long dimension is aligned with the
long axis of the body - CORRECT ANSWER -Lengthwise
What is the term that means the IR is oriented so its long dimension is perpendicular to
the long axis of the body? - CORRECT ANSWER -Crosswise
What is the term that describes the central ray entering the anterior surface of the body
and exiting the posterior surface? - CORRECT ANSWER -Anteroposterior
projection What is the term that describes a projection produced when the sagittal plane of the
body or part is parallel to the IR? - CORRECT ANSWER -Lateral projection
What is the term that describes a projection produced by angling the central ray 10
degrees or more along the long axis of the body or part? - CORRECT
ANSWER -Axial Projection
The digits of the hand are composed of which bones? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Phalanges
Which bones are located in the palm area of the hand? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Metacarpal Which surface of the hand should be in contact with the IR when performing a PA
projection? - CORRECT ANSWER -Anterior (palmar)
Which surface of the hand should be in contact with the IR when performing a routine
lateral projection? - CORRECT ANSWER -Medial
What is the position of the wrist when performing the PA oblique projection? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Coronal plane of wrist at 45° angle to IR with
anteromedial surface on IR
Which of the following are bones of the forearm? - CORRECT ANSWER -Radius
and ulna What is the position of the arm when performing the AP projection of the forearm? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Elbow extended, wrist and elbow parallel to IR, hand
supinated What is the relationship between the humeral epicondyles and the IR to achieve a
proper lateral projection of the humerus? - CORRECT ANSWER -perpendicular
What are the proper patient instructions, just prior to the exposure, for the AP projection
of the shoulder? - CORRECT ANSWER -Stop breathing and do not move
Which projection of the shoulder will demonstrate an open glenohumeral joint space
and the glenoid process in profile? - CORRECT ANSWER -AP oblique projection
(Grashey method) What is the relationship between the coronal plane through the humeral epicondyles
and the IR to achieve a proper AP projection of the elbow? - CORRECT
ANSWER -Parallel
Why is the AP projection of the thumb preferred over the PA projection? -
CORRECT ANSWER -The PA projection results in a less detailed image
because of magnification What is the projection name for the Gaynor-Hart method performed to evaluate the
carpal canal? - CORRECT ANSWER -Tangential projection
What is the CR centering point for the AP projections of the shoulder? - CORRECT
ANSWER -To a point 1 inch inferior to the coracoid process
What is the degree and direction of CR angulation required to perform an AP axial
projection of the clavicle? - CORRECT ANSWER -15-30 degrees cephalad
The forefoot is composed of which bones? - CORRECT ANSWER -Phalanges
and metatarsals
What tarsal bone is commonly referred to as the "heel bone"? - CORRECT
ANSWER -Calcaneus
How much and in which direction is the CR angled for an AP projection of the knee on a
patient with an ASIS to table top measurement of 26 cm? - CORRECT
ANSWER -3-5 degrees cephalad
The cervical spine is composed of what number of vertebrae? - CORRECT
ANSWER -
What is the term for the cylinder block-like, anterior portion of a typical vertebra? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Body
Why is a 72-inch SID used for the lateral projection of the cervical spine? -
CORRECT ANSWER -This SID helps to overcome the magnification caused by
the increased OID of the position What angle and direction is the CR directed when performing an AP axial projection of
the cervical spine? - CORRECT ANSWER -15° cephalad
A "breathing technique" is used to advantage when performing a lateral projection of
which of the following portion of the spine? - CORRECT ANSWER -Thoracic
Which of the following devices will improve visualization of the spinous processes on
the lateral projection of the thoracic spine? - CORRECT ANSWER -A piece of
lead behind the shadow of the patient's back Which projection of the lumbar spine demonstrates the "Scottie dog" configuration of the
zygapophyseal joint? - CORRECT ANSWER -Oblique
What positioning technique is used to improve patient comfort and reduce the lordotic curve of the lumbar spine when performing a recumbent AP projection of the lumbar
spine? - CORRECT ANSWER -Flexing the patient's knees and placing a support
under them Which region of the spine is the most common site of pathologic compression fracture
of vertebral bodies resulting from osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Thoracic What term is used to describe an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Scoliosis
How much and in which direction is the CR angled for an AP axial oblique projection of
the cervical spine? - CORRECT ANSWER -15 degrees cephalad
Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on the AP axial oblique projection of
the cervical spine? - CORRECT ANSWER -Those farthest from the IR
What is the common name for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region of the
spine? - CORRECT ANSWER -Swimmer's technique
How much is the patient rotated for an AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine? -
CORRECT ANSWER -45 degrees
Which zygapophyseal (facet) joints are demonstrated on the AP oblique projection of
the lumbar spine? - CORRECT ANSWER -Those closest to the IR
What anatomic term is used to describe the inferior, lateral "corners" of the lungs? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Costophrenic angles
The right lung has lobes and the left lung has lobes. - CORRECT ANSWER -3, 2
What body habitus term is applied to the person of "average" size? A - CORRECT
ANSWER -Sthenic
What is the name of the structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal
cavity? - CORRECT ANSWER -Diaphragm
Which of the following are ways that chest radiography differs from radiography of the
ribs? - CORRECT ANSWER -1 and 2 only
Which of the following techniques is recommended for optimum chest radiography? -
CORRECT ANSWER -High kVp, high mA, and short exposure time
What is the purpose of rolling the patient's shoulders anteriorly when performing the PA
projection of the chest? - CORRECT ANSWER -This motion rotates the scapulae
out of the lungs
Where is CR directed for the upright, PA projection of the chest? - CORRECT
ANSWER -Midsagittal plane at the level of t
Which of the following is proper placement of the patient's arms for the upright, lateral
projection of the chest? - CORRECT ANSWER -Raised over the head, hands
grasping opposite elbows
A lateral projection of the face, with no grid, is used to image which of these bones? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Nasal bones
A "blow-out fracture" involves which of the following structures? - CORRECT
ANSWER -Floor of the orbit
Which facial bones are most commonly fractured? - CORRECT ANSWER -Nasal
bones Which positioning baseline, used for radiography of the skull and facial bones, extends
from the inferior orbital marging to the EAM? - CORRECT ANSWER -The
infraorbitomeatal line Which positioning baseline, used for radiography of the skull and facial bones, extends
from a point at the junction of the nose and upper lip to the EAM? - CORRECT
ANSWER -The acanthiomeatal line
For the PA axial (Cadwell method) projection ofthe skull, which positioning baseline is
placed perpendicular to the IR? - CORRECT ANSWER -The orbitomeatal line
For the parietoacanthial (Waters method) projection of the facial bones and sinuses,
which positioning baseline forms a 37 degree angle to the IR? - CORRECT
ANSWER -The orbitomeatal line
For the lateral projection of the skull, which positioning baseline is placed parallel to the
long axis of the IR? - CORRECT ANSWER -The infraorbitomeatal line
A common condition among geriatric patients is diverticulitis, which affects the: -
CORRECT ANSWER -Colon
nonaccidental trauma is a term that may be used to describe: - CORRECT
ANSWER -Physical manifestations of child abuse
When the degree of skeletal maturation, also called "bone age," is not consistent with a
child's chronological age, the cause is usually pathology involving the: - CORRECT
ANSWER -Endocrine system
Greenstick fractures are commonly seen in: - CORRECT ANSWER -Pediatric
patients
Which of the following radiographic studies is usually perdormed bilaterally on pediatric
patients, but unilaterally on adults - CORRECT ANSWER -Clavicle
A radiographic study to determine the bone age of a chikd may involve any of a number
of different joints, but the most common joint for this purpose is the: - CORRECT
ANSWER -Wrist
A neurologic condition that affects the elderly, causing tremors and eventual debilitation,
is: - CORRECT ANSWER -Parkinson disease
Which of the following strategies is/are likely to prove helpful in communicating with
patients who are hard of hearing? - CORRECT ANSWER -2 and 3 only
Patients with Alzheimer disease commonly experience: - CORRECT ANSWER -
Short term memory loss
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is a condition most often seen in: - CORRECT
ANSWER -Overweight boys
1What light level is best for viewing radiographic images? - CORRECT
ANSWER -Low light in room
True or false: Radiographs taken in both AP and PA projections should be viewed as
though the patient were in anatomic position. - CORRECT ANSWER -True
How are hands and feet oriented for viewing? - CORRECT ANSWER -Fingers
and toes pointing up toward the ceiling True or false: It is recommended that all radiographic markers be placed so they are
recorded on the image during the exposure. - CORRECT ANSWER -True
Exclusion of significant anatomy would be considered what type of error? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Anatomy and positioning error
Lack of spatial resolution (detail) would be considered what type of error? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Exposure factor error
Leaving a metallic object in a patients clothing in the area to be radiographed would be
considered what type of error? - CORRECT ANSWER -Esthetic error
The most appropriate form of address for Mrs. Genevieve Nesmith, age 81, is: -
CORRECT ANSWER -Mrs. Nesmith
A lightheaded or faint sensation upon first sitting up is termed: - CORRECT
ANSWER -Orthostatic hypotension
The single best protection against disease in the health care setting is: - CORRECT
ANSWER -Frequent hand hygiene
An autoclave provides sterilization by means of: - CORRECT ANSWER -Heat
produced by steam under pressure Which of the following infectious diseases are caused by bloodborne pathogens?
- hepatitis A
- hepatitis B
- HIV/AIDS
4. tuberculosis - CORRECT ANSWER -2 and 3
Which of the following organisms is/are commonly responsible for healthcare associated infections (HAI)?
- MRSA
- VRE
3. C. difficile - CORRECT ANSWER -1, 2, and 3
An intradermal injection or "skin test" is used to detect antibodies for the pathogen that
causes: - CORRECT ANSWER -Tuberculosis
Standard Precautions involve the use of barriers whenever contact is anticipated with:
- Blood or wound drainage
- nonintact skin
- mucous membranes
4. sweat - CORRECT ANSWER -1, 2 and 3 only
Alcohol-based hand rubs provide effective hand hygiene in most circumstances, but should not be used when:
- the hands are contaminated with visible soil.
- the hands are contaminated with blood or body secretions.
- the hands may be contaminated with endospores.
4. removing protective gloves. - CORRECT ANSWER -1, 2 and 3 only
The term for the complete removal of all organisms and their spores from equipment
used to perform specific procedures is: - CORRECT ANSWER -Sterilization
The medical term for loss of bladder control is: - CORRECT ANSWER -
Incontinence Which of the following measurements are considered vital signs?
- pulse
- blood pressure
- temperature
4. respirations - CORRECT ANSWER -1, 2, 3, and 4
A sphygmomanometer is an instrument used to measure: - CORRECT
ANSWER -Blood pressure
When stress causes an attack of bronchial constriction and difficult breathing, the
condition is called: - CORRECT ANSWER -Asthma
A rapid, weak, and ineffective heartbeat defines a state called: - CORRECT
ANSWER -Fibrillation
A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a mild form of: - CORRECT ANSWER -
Stroke
A patient who is diaphoretic is: - CORRECT ANSWER -Sweating
A bluish coloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and nail beds indicates that the
patient is suffering from - CORRECT ANSWER -Lack of oxygen
Which of the following vital signs is often measured at the tympanic membrane? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Temperature
A diabetic patient who has taken insulin but no food may develop: - CORRECT
ANSWER -Hypoglycemia
A patient who exhibits an increased pulse rate, pallor, weakness and a fall in systolic
blood pressure of 30 mm Hg is suffering from: - CORRECT ANSWER -Shock
When a patient has a sudden onset of pain in the chest, shoulder or jaw, develops an irregular pulse, appears diaphoretic and pale, and is feeling short of breath, weak, or nauseated, or you should:
- assist the patient to lie down
- call an emergency team or dial 911
