MICROPHONES
Basic Video and
Film Production
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Microphone Types & Usage in Video/Film Production: Dynamic vs. Condenser, Pickup Patterns , Study notes of Communication
An overview of various microphone types, their pickup patterns, and usage in video and film production. Learn about dynamic and condenser microphones, shotgun or boom microphones, lavalieres, and hand microphones. Discover the differences between omni-directional and cardioid pickup patterns and how to use a sound mixer for optimal audio recording.
Typology: Study notes
2009/2010
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MICROPHONES
Basic Video and Film Production
SOUND GENERATION
Dynamic microphones Don’t require power source Internal coil vibrates as sound enters Rugged – good for outdoor use Can handle high volumes without distortion
PICKUP PATTERNS
Omni-directional Picks up sound in all directions equally well Difficulty picking up distant sounds Not good at limiting unwanted background noise
OMNI-DIRECTIONAL
Pickup Pattern Microphone
CARDIOID
Pickup Pattern Microphone
DIRECTIONAL
Pickup Pattern Microphone
SHOTGUN OR BOOM MIC
Directional condenser microphone Use when you don’t want the microphone seen on camera Attached to boom pole or pistol grip Aim directly at sound Don’t cover openings on side of mic Windscreen necessary outside
USING THE BOOM POLE
Long cable needed for movement Watch for boom shadows Get frame line from cameraperson Spread hands out to relieve strain Wear gloves to limit noise Use headphones to hear audio
OTHER MICROPHONES
Hand microphones Usually dynamic cardioid Effective for field reporting Wireless microphones Microphone transmits signal to receiver Receiver sends signal to recorder Usually a lavaliere mic
MICROPHONE USE
Test microphone by speaking into it Don’t blow into microphone Don’t thump microphone Remember power supply for condenser microphones May have “on/off” switch Remove battery after use
SOUND MIXER
Receives various audio inputs Microphones, CD, VTRs, etc. Controls volume and quality of audio Outputs mixed sound to another source VTR, live on-air, editing system, etc.
SOUND MIXER
Most mixers have similar features Main difference is number of inputs “16-track mixer” has 16 inputs May have different quality controls
VU METER
Used to monitor sound output levels VU stands for “volume units” Can be needle or LED meter Maintain levels at “-2” Excessive input results in “distortion” or “clipping”
MIXER CONTROLS
Trim control Amplifies signal coming into mixer Mics transmit weaker sound than “line” Pan Shifts sound from left to right