Pyschology Chapter 1
1. The ancient Greek philosopher who wrote about psyche and first broadly defined the subject
matter was Aristotle.
2. The modern definition of psychology is the study of behavior and mental processes.
3. Mental processes are private.
4. The four goals of the science of psychology are to describe, predict, understand, and influence
behavior and mental processes.
5. The early psychologist who first pioneered the introspective study of human consciousness and
who generally is credited with founding the first laboratory of psychology in 1879 was Wilhelm
Wundt.
6. The early American psychologist who founded the school of functionalism, which emphasized
the evolutionary importance of human consciousness, and who taught the first psychology
course in college was William James.
7. The functionalist who developed the paired associates method to study memory was Mary
Whiton Calkins.
8. The scientist who first discovered neurons (individual nerve cells in the brain) was Santiago
Ramon y Cajal.
9. The physician who founded psychoanalysis and its study of the unconscious mind and abnormal
behavior was Sigmund Freud.
10. The approach that states a person can be understood only in terms of her or his culture and
social influences is termed sociocultural perspective.
11. The basic area of psychology that studies intimate human relationships and prejudice is social
psychology.
12. The applied area of psychology that provides help for people with emotional and behavior
problems is clinical psychology.
